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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,355 Documents

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Evaluating and Ranking of Travel Mode in Metropolitan; A Transportation Economic Approach Shafiei, Saeid; Vaelizadeh, Raeoof; Bertrand, Frederic; Ansari, Manouchehr
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Nowadays metropolitans' planners faced with a significant growth of private cars and consequently, creation a lot of environmental costs. To tackle the problem, the planners should find the best suitable way with due to the stakeholdersâ€™ views and other affected criteria to encourage the passengers for using the public transportation instead of their own cars. This paper has been performed to identifying and verifying main criteria affecting travel mode selection; getting different point of views; identifying the most effective travel mode from stakeholders' point of view and finally evaluating and ranking of travel modes in in Tehran metropolis. This study is a quantitative research based on survey and two structured questionnaires for passengers, experts and managers. In order to have an accurate data analysis, AHP as an MCDM models has been used to evaluate and ranking of travel modes. By identifying main criteria (variables) affecting travel mode selection, also collecting and analyzing stakeholdersâ€™ different points of views, the weight of each related criterion has been identified and determined and consequently the priority of effective travel mode in Tehran metropolis has been achieved. Finally, the managerial report has been prepared.

Modeling the Completion Time of Public School Building Projects Using Neural Networks Khaled, Zeyad S. M.; Abid Ali, Raid S.; Hasan, Musaab Falih
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The Ministry of Education in Iraq is confronting a colossal deficiency in school buildings while stakeholders of government funded school buildings projects are experiencing the ill effects of extreme delays caused by many reasons. Those stakeholders are particularly worried to know ahead of time (at contract assignment) the expected completion time of any new school building project. As indicated by a previous research conducted by the authors, taking into account the opinions of Iraqi experts involved with government funded school building projects, nine major causes of delay in school building projects were affirmed through a questionnaire survey specifically are; the contractor's financial status, delay in interim payments, change orders, the contractor rank, work stoppages, the contract value, experience of the supervising engineers, the contract duration and delay penalty. In this research, two prediction models (A and B) were produced to help the concerned decision makers to foresee the expected completion time of typically designed school building projects having (12) and (18) classes separately. The ANN multi-layer feed forward with back-propagation algorithm was utilized to build up the mathematical equations. The created prediction equations demonstrated a high degree of average accuracy of (96.43%) and (96.79%) for schools having (12) and (18) classes, with (R2) for both ANN models of (79.60%) and (85.30%) respectively. It was found that the most influential parameters of both models were the ratio of the sum of work stoppages to the contract duration, the ratio of contractor's financial status to the contract value, the ratio of delay penalty to the total value of contract and the ratio of mean interim payments duration to the contract duration.

Thermal-Mechanical Coupled Manufacturing Simulation in Heterogeneous Materials El Amri, Abdelouahid; El Yakhloufi Haddou, M.; Khamlichi, A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 11 (2016): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This work is aimed to investigate on thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviour of 6061 Aluminium alloy. The main target of the present investigation is to apply a numerical procedure to assess the thermo-mechanical damage. Finite element analyses of the notched tensile specimens at high temperature have been carried out using ABAQUS Software. The objective was to study the combined effects of thermal and mechanical loads on the strength and ductility of the material. The performance of the proposed model is in general good and it is believed that the presented results and experimentalâ€“numerical calibration procedure can be used in practical finite-element simulation.

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Steel Girders with External Prestressing Abbas, Ali Laftah; Mohammed, Abbas Haraj; khalaf, Raad Dheyab; Abdul-Razzaq, Khattab Saleem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Optimization is a process through which the best possible values of design variables are achieved under the given of constraints and in accordance to a selected optimization objective function. Steel I-girders have been used widely in different fields, which are generally fabricated by connecting two plate flanges, a flat web and a series of longitudinal or transverse stiffeners together. The use of steel girder with external prestressing has been used in many countries as a means of strengthening bridges. The purpose of this paper is to develop a finite element model for the optimization of a steel girder with external prestressing. The ANSYS finite element software package was used to find the optimum cross section dimension for the steel girder. Two objective functions are considered in this study there are optimization of the strain energy and total volume of the girder. The design variables are the width of top flange, the thickness of top flange, the width of bottom flange, the thickness of bottom flange, the height of the web, the width of the web and area of prestressing tendons. Two type of steel girder are considered there are steel girder without prestressing and steel girder with prestressing. The results for volume minimization shows that the optimum cross section for steel girder with prestressing smaller than for steel girder without prestressing.

Evaluating Performance of Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frames with Different Seismic Coefficients Using Endurance Time Method Radmanesh, Hadi; Mohammadi, Majid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This performance-based study was conducted to investigate the effects of seismic coefficients on performance of concrete special moment frames of 5,7, and 10-storey buildings located in Tehran, Iran. The structures are designed three-dimensionally by ETABS 2016 software according to ACI-318-08. Fifteen specimens were designed with different base shears having seismic coefficients of 0.7, 0.85, 1, 1.15, and 1.30 times the proposed value of Iranian Standard 2800, (i.e. decreased by 70 and 85%, and increased by 115 and 130%). Endurance time method (ETA20in series of ET acceleration function) as well as three real earthquake records was employed to evaluate the seismic performance of the modeled structures. The performance of structures was compared by the time of the first plastic hinges formation in beams and columns, the time of entering to nonlinear region and the time of experiencing storey drift of 2% corresponding to the life safety performance level. It was observed that the results of ET records and real records were similar to each other. A procedure was proposed for finding optimum structure with lower weight using ET method through defining efficient ratio (ER) and cost ratio (CR). Based on the results of ER/CR ratio and considering the importance of collapse prevention performance level, optimum structure was a 7-storey structure with lower weight or cost whose seismic coefficient had been reduced by 70%. It was concluded that high safety can not be achieved simply by increasing the seismic coefficient of structures.

Effect of Cyclic Loadings on the Shear Strength and Reinforcement Slip of RC Beams Sakr, Mohammed A
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2017): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Numerous studies of the response of reinforced concrete members under cyclic loadings, many of which have been summarized and have indicated that, in general, the flexural strength of under-reinforced beams remains unimpaired under cyclic loadings consisting of a reasonable number of cycles. However, there is a body of evidence indicating that their shear strength may suffer under such loadings. The first objective of the current study is to construct an accurate 2D shell finite element model of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loadings. The second objective is carrying out a parametric study on reinforced concrete beams, using the suggested 2D shell model.Â The objective of this study was to observe the effect of the stirrup spacing, steel-to-concrete bond properties on the performance of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loadings. For this purpose, an efï¬cient and accurate ï¬nite element model was established taking into account the compression and tensile softening introducing damage in the concrete material, the Baushinger effect using nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening in the steel and an adequate bond-slip law for the concreteâ€“steel interface. The simulated results of numerical models were veriï¬ed by experimental results available in literature in order to validate the proposed model, including hysteretic curves, failure modes, crack pattern and debonding failure mode. The model provided a strong tool for investigating the performances of reinforced concrete beam. The results showed that: Cyclic loadings may change the failure mode of the beam to bond failure even though it has sufficient bond length to resist static loadings. So that under cyclic loadings additional anchorage length must be taken, cyclic loadings also influence the ductility and peak load for beams fail in shear. All these topics are of the utmost importance to RC behaviour to be considered by construction codes.

Exploring the Challenges of Financing Iranâ€™s Construction Projects from China and Providing Improvement Solutions Hajiani, Musa; Azizi, Mojtaba; Eshtehardian, Ehsanollah; Naseh, Kazem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In recent years, the tense regional conditions of the Middle East and international sanctions against Iran have led to Iran's construction projects being financed by foreign sources of complexity and limited to certain countries such as China. In spite of China's desire and signing several agreements, the opportunity and capacity of these packages are not optimized. In an effort to improve the situation, the present study focuses on the financing challenges based on the reality of a sensitive issue on Iran-China relations by presenting a common interface between the pillars of the project. The results of this study is highly likely to increase the efficiency of the financing system of the Iranian construction projects, which are to be financed by China. The statistical population of this research includes the contractors, agent, employer, foreign financer, financial consultant, and contractor of the central headquarters. Three construction projects, with non-existent conditions capable of aggregating their deep and varied data were selected as case studies according to the experts' opinion. Then out of a 25-long list of challenges, 5 challenges were chosen based on the weight as the main challenges, including domestic and foreign challenges, with some appropriate improvement solutions being presented. Based on the results of this research, a closer look at the relationships, the significance of impact and the arrangement of the strategies, produces the conceptual model.

Damage Detection of Irregular Plates and Regular Dams by Wavelet Transform Combined Adoptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Hamidian, D.; Salajegheh, J.; Salajegheh, E.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper presents a technique for irregular plate and regular dam damage detection based on combination of wavelet with adoptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Many damage detection methods need response of structures (such as the displacements, stresses or mode shapes) before and after damage, but this method only requires response of structures after damage, otherwise many damage detection methods study regular plate but this method also studies irregular plate. First, the structure (irregular plate or regular dam) is modelled by using ANSYS software, the model is analysed and structureâ€™s responses with damage are obtained by finite element approach. Second, the responses at the finite element points with regular distances are obtained by using ANFIS. The damage zone is represented as the elements with reduced elasticity modules. Then these responses of structures are analysed with 2D wavelet transform. It is shown that matrix detail coefficients of 2D wavelet transform can specified the damage zone of plates and regular dams by perturbation in the damaged area.

Structural Vulnerability Assessment of Historical Buildings in Turkey Kasim Korkmaz; Asuman Carhoglu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2017): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Structural Vulnerability assessment of historical buildings is very important to carry them to the future. Turkey is a rich country in terms of historic masterships mostly from Ottoman Empire, such as mosques, bathhouses, churches and aqueducts. Especially mosques are the common historical structures in turkey. Therefore, in the present study, structural vulnerability assessment of historical mosques in Turkey was carried out. One of the existing ones is considered as a sample building and structural vulnerability assessment was carried out on this building. The sample building was selected as Konak Mosque located in Izmir, Turkey. The mosque was structurally investigated through advanced approaches. The mosque, constructed in 1755 by Ottoman at very central location close by the clock tower, is little one decorated with blue tiles. The mosque is also nearby a historical bazaar where the main historical business stream line is located. Konak Mosque is one of these new styles in that age. It can be named as a signature historical building representing Islamic minimalist oriented architecture with its unique octagonal plan. In the present study, the building was modelled by using the Finite Element Modelling (FEM) software, SAP2000. Time history analyses were carried out using 10 different ground motion data. Displacements, base shear and stress values were interpreted and the results were displayed graphically and discussed. For probabilistic seismic risk assessment, fragility analyses were also carried out and the fragility curve and surface were sketched for the mosque. Saddle point was determined on the fragility surface.

Scale Effects of Footings on Geocell Reinforced Sand Using Large-Scale Tests A. Shadmand; Mahmoud Ghazavi; Navid Ganjian
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The scale effect on bearing capacity of shallow footings supported by unreinforced granular soils has been evaluated extensively. However, the subject has not been addressed for shallow footings on geocell-reinforced granular soils. In this study, load-settlement characteristic of large square footings is investigated by performing large-scale loading tests on unreinforced and geocell-reinforced granular soils. The effects of footing width (B), soil relative density of soil (Dr), and reinforcement depth (u) have been investigated. The test results show that the scale effects exist in geocell-reinforced soils, like unreinforced soils, and the behavior of small-scale models of footings cannot be directly related to the behavior of full-scale footings due to the difference between initial conditions of tests and the initial state of mean stresses in the soil beneath the footings having different dimensions. Large footings create higher mean stresses in the soil, resulting in low soil friction angle and initial conditions of the test approach to the critical state lines. The results of tests indicate that model experiments should be conducted on low-density soil for better prediction of the behavior of full-scale footings, otherwise, the predicted behavior of full-scale footings does not seem conservative.

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