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PCD Journal
ISSN : 20850433     EISSN : 20850441     DOI : 10.22146/pcd
Core Subject : Education,
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 67 Documents
From Populism to Democratic Polity: Problems and Challenges in Surakarta, Indonesia Pratikno, Pratikno; Lay, Cornelis
PCD Journal Vol 3, No 1-2 (2011): Decentering Democracy
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.979 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25740

Abstract

This paper discusses democratisation practiced in Surakarta, Indonesia, which has been claimed by many experts as a municipality with "best practices" of democratic local governance in Indonesia. Their analyses focus on the actors and claim that participation is a possible way of crafting stable democracy. This participation in turn, they suggest, is a result of decentralisation which thus strengthen local democracy. Presenting the civil society participation and the decentralisation in the city of Surakarta, this paper shows that what actually happens is otherwise. It argues that the rise of popular participation was rooted in contentious local politics. Besides, the constitution of the new forms of popular representation are not supported by, and produced within, a clear ideological framework from the people in Surakarta.
Islamic Organisation and Electoral Politics: Nahdlatul Ulama and Islamic Mobilisation in an Indonesian Local Election Makhasin, Luthfi
PCD Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Challenges to Democracy at the Local
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.268 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.29318

Abstract

This paper deals with the politics of patronage and piety in local elections by examining the role of and dilemma faced by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Muslim organisation in Indonesia, in a local electoral competition. Focusing on the 2017 local election in Brebes, Central Java, this article confirms previous scholarly works' findings of widespread patronage distribution and the impact of rising religious conservatism on electoral competition. However, this paper shows that piety and patronage politics neither necessarily maintain oligarchic rule nor provoke intolerance and violence. The case of the electoral competition in Brebes reveals that Islamic organisations in Indonesia are not immune from electoral politics, and due to institutional weaknesses of most political parties in Indonesia, will likely remain important political players by mobilising support in elections at both the local and national level. In a broader context, Islamic mobilisation in local elections in Indonesia helps understand the emergence of pious democracy in democratic Muslim-majority countries.
Power in the Tradition of Kain Timur Exchange: A Study of Using Tradition to Get Support in the Local Election in South Sorong 2010 Haryanto, Haryanto
PCD Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2017): The Primacy of Civil Society
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1152.937 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.26291

Abstract

The tradition of kain timur requires the receiver party to reimburse the value of a gift. This exchange tradition has the potential to become an instrument to gain support in local elections. The ability of the candidates in making use of this resource becomes the key to success in applying the exchange of kain timur tradition as an instrument to gain power. This can be seen in South Sorong, in which a candidate could successfully become the winner in local election in 2010 by using the exchange of kain timur tradition.
Civic Engagement and Democracy in Post-Suharto Indonesia: A Review of Musrenbang, the Kecamatan Development Programme, and Labour Organising Sindre, Gyda Marås
PCD Journal Vol 4, No 1-2 (2012): Democratisation: Power and Conflict Relations
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.55 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25766

Abstract

Drawing attention to the wider literature on the linkages between civic engagement and democracy, this paper starts off by asking the question whether civic engagement beyond formal politics actually serves to strengthen democracy in Indonesia. Noting a contradiction between the literature that proposes that high associational density fosters democracy and recent analysis that highlights that political opportunity structures in Indonesia are unfavourable to popular representation and participation, the paper draws attention to a largely underexplored field within Indonesian democracy studies, namely that of mobilisation and participation by marginalised groups. The paper discusses and analyses strategies for bottom-up mobilisation, specifically the development planning programmes of Musrenbang, the Kecamatan Development Programme (KDP), and Indonesian labour organising. The analysis focuses on the democratising aspects of these sectors, arguing that participation and mobilisation lacks the necessary popular foundations as well as organisational capacities that are necessary for participatory institutions to effectively enhance democracy. The paper thereby hints that associational density in and of itself is a poor indicator for democracy, especially in relation to democratic consolidation in new democracies.
Programmatic Goods, Populist Program Funding and Key Victory Incumbent In Pilkada Kulon Progo, DIY Harjanta, Sri Lestari
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2018): Post-Clientelistics Elections
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.34 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.31792

Abstract

This research examines how the Good Programmatic is made up to work to win the candidate in the 2017 election. In addition, this research tries to dissect the involvement of BUMDs and the private sector in financing the candidates' campaign by hijacking government programs. Accidentally or not, Programatic Good by incumbent candidates is wrapped up in a populist program. The home surgery program and other populist programs in Kulon Progo Regency indirectly became the 'engine' of the victory of the couple Hasto Wardoyo-Sutedjo in the 2017 Pilkada.
Why the Proportional Representation System Fails to Promote Minority Interests? Thaheer, Minna
PCD Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2010): Democracy in Practice: Representation and Grassroots Politics
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (318.997 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25722

Abstract

Proportional representation (PR) is favoured as the most suitable form of electoral system for multi-ethnic societes because it allows every vote to be counted. It, therefore, provides a strong incentive for minority parties and other political groups to promote their political articulations. This article examines the PR system in contemporary Sri Lankan politics. It argues that the executive presidential system has negated the efficacy of the PR system in promoting minority parties and has had disastrous consequences in their political fortunes. The PR system has enabled Muslim communities to elect Muslim representatives from their own province. Spesifically, this article emphasizes the dynamics of the political fortunes of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC), which seeks to give a voice to the minority Muslim communities concentrated in the Eastern Province.
Introducing the Power, Conflict, and Democracy Programme Törnquist, Olle
PCD Journal Vol 1, No 1-2 (2009): Approaching Conflict and Democracy in South and Southeast Asia
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (315.622 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25672

Abstract

The state of democracy in the Global South is marked by a striking paradox: while liberal democracy has attained an ideologically hegemonic position through two so-called waves of democracy, the qualities of such democracies is increasingly called into question. The "old" democracies in the global South like Sri Lanka are weakened. Democracy deficits have emerged within constitutional and institutional arrangements as well as in political practices. Further, the "third wave of democracy" is over. "New" democracies like Indonesia have fostered freedoms, privatisation and decentralisation but continue to suffer from poor governance, representation, and participation. Hence there are general signs of decline. Vulnerable people are frustrated with lack of actual influence and sustained elitism. Politicians winning elections often need to foster ethnic and religious loyalties, clientelism and the abuse of public resources. Powerful groups and middle classes with poor ability to win elections tend to opt for privatisation and return partially to authoritarian governance.Critical questions are therefore asked about the feasibility of democracy in developing country contexts. Some observers say it is only a problem of better crafting of institutions. Others contend that "full" democratisation was premature in the first place and that necessary preconditions need to be created beforehand. This article argues that both positions are based on a narrow and static understanding of democracy. While the core elements of democracy are universal, real world democracies develop (or decline) over time and through contextual dynamics; in processes and contexts of actors, institutions and relations of power. Therefore, the crucial task is to analyse the problems and options of expanding the historically "early" freedoms and deficient elements of democracy that fortunately exist in spite of poor socio-economic and political conditions in countries such as Sri Lanka and Indonesia rather than giving up on these freedoms until the other conditions have somehow improved. This is to advance towards the universally accepted aim of democracy in terms of popular control of public affairs on the basis of political equality; and to be able to use democracy to handle conflicts and alter unequal and unsustainable development.
Local Politics in Indonesia, 1999-2010: A Literature Review Hanif, Hasrul; Pratikno, Pratikno
PCD Journal Vol 4, No 1-2 (2012): Democratisation: Power and Conflict Relations
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (190.193 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25773

Abstract

This paper attempts to map out the existing literature on the post-1999 political landscape at the local level. This literature review is made up by five key questions: (1) How is localising of power in Indonesia understood?; (2) How does power operate at local levels?; (3) What are the forces that shape Indonesian local politics?; (4) What are the prominent manifestations in Indonesian local politics?; (5) What are alternative political forces that possibly represent the setting up of the street demonstrations?; (6) What is the type of democratic governance format explored in the existing literature?
Financing Politics in Indonesia Mas'oed, Mohtar; Savirani, Amalinda
PCD Journal Vol 3, No 1-2 (2011): Decentering Democracy
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (281.353 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25741

Abstract

This paper aims to map out practices of political financing in Indonesia from the political to the socio-historical perspective. Arguing about the party financing and the corruption of politicians and the parties, this paper also proposes about strategies at the individual level for performing financing politics, as well as factors that help to explain their performance. It compares cases in three different periods of Indonesian history: the post-independence, the Suharto (New Order) era, and reformasi after the fall of Suharto in 1998. This paper discusses and analyses the financing politics belonging to the political and socio-historical perspective, the issue of financing politics, the results of mapping students theses from three universities in Java together with relevant papers by LIPI (the Indonesian Sciences Institute), and directly presents three case studies of individual performing financing politics. Two of the case studies concern with politicians from the post-independence and Suharto era, while the third concerns a member of the city of Solo's local parliament. This paper shows how financing politics would be no longer relevant, as the cultural capital, political capital, and social capital also may contribute in supporting one's political career.
The Meaning Making of an Environmental Movement: A Perspective on Sedulur Sikep's Narrative in Anti-Cement Movement Putri, Primi Suharmadhi
PCD Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Challenges to Democracy at the Local
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (185.947 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.30471

Abstract

This article discusses the narratives of Sedulur Sikep on their recent movement in rejecting cement companies in Central Java. Sedulur Sikep with their culturally-district traits through their spirituality, human-nature relationship, as well as to the authority, has strongly permeated on the contemporary anti-cement movement. This study then perceives Sedulur Sikep as peasant community that treat land and resources as their medium in expressing spirituality as well as in perpetuating their resistance to the authority. Therefore, the respective Kendeng Mountains plays important role in building the narratives of anti-cement movement that is strongly influenced by Sikep doctrines, and conversely building the meaning behind Sedulur Sikep’s environmental movement that is actually struggling for free access to and utilization of common resources.