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Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

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Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

ISSN : 25990675 EISSN : 25990683 DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Social Sciences

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 104 Documents

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Finding New Regional Mandalas: Indonesia Maritime Strategy Between India And China Effendi, Yusli
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This paper aims to analyse Indonesia’s dilemmas and prospects in engaging maritime strategic partner between China and India while pursuing its maritime reorientation. The expanding presence of China in Indian Ocean and its aggressiveness in maritime territorial dispute in East Asia has triggered India to transform Rao’s “Look East policy” to Modi’s “Act East policy”. Modi’s ambitious foreign policy increased eastward focus and his commitment in pursuing economic growth has been combined with India’s strategy in balancing against China’s Silk Road strategy. Both emerging powers, China and India, see Indonesia potential as strategic maritime partner in their strategic vision. Utilizing New Maritime Silk Road strategy or One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative in 2013, China engages ASEAN, including Indonesia, in infrastructure construction mega-project to enhance connectivity. While India, began in 1996 as dialogue partner in ASEAN Regional Partner (ARF), gets more involved in as ASEAN partner by joining ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMM+) in 2010 and Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF) in 2015. India and Indonesia have shared the common view of culture, colonial history, and political sovereignty, economic self-sufficiency, and independent foreign policy. Theyhave been also originated from the same ancient polity that habituate them to cooperate even under anarchy situation. However, this mandala-inspired cultural legacy would also drive them toward potential conflict as the two countries try to structure their spatial process centripetally using maritime strategy. In this regards, the paper will also discuss the continuity and dissonance of maritime perspective in Indonesia and India experience. Jakarta’s will to strengthen its maritime posture marks its leitmotif to play its role as center within Southeast Asia mandala will be contested by India and China strategic interests in the sea. In the cultural memory of region, exerting power on the sea and ownership of huge armada symbolically marks and legitimates a country’s supremacy within heterarchy or regional hierarchy that tends to be equal. Using both contemporary and classical literature, this research intends to reveal how the contending emerging powers seek to aspire regional leadership using maritime tradition. While embarking from leadership-generational change and historical experience, this paper will shed the light why maritime strategy acts as guiding principles for national security in the global geopolitical shift and regional geo-strategy.

Strategi Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Kasus Krisis Kemanusiaan Yang Dialami Etnis Rohingya Di Myanmar Tahun 2017 Fernando Ersento Maraden Sitorus, Ardli Johan Kusuma ,
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This research wants to look at the humanitarian diplomacy strategy by the Indonesian government to provide humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya ethnic groups (especially those still in Myanmar in 2017). Myanmar's military and also the majority of people in Rakhine who are Buddhists have committed acts of violence and seized the human rights of the Rohingya ethnic group which is an ethnic minority in Rakhine who are Muslim. The issue attracted the attention of the international community, including Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive analytic approach, where data are collected by literature study. The findings of this study are: the Indonesian government has used several humanitarian diplomacy strategies, including: conducting a diplomatic approach between the Indonesian government and the Myanmar government (with due regard to the ASEAN Way), collaborating with the United Nations (offering formula 4+1 as a form of implementation of the recommendations from Advisory Commission Report for Rakhine), involved civilians to channel aid to the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar (forming AKIM consisting of 11 humanitarian agencies). The strategy succeeded in breaking through the blockade carried out by the Myanmar government as an effort to block humanitarian assistance provided by the international community.

Global Maritime Fulcrum Optimization In Maintaining Indonesian Maritime Sovereignty Muhammad Sholeh, Nur Rohim Yunus, Ida Susilowati
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

The regulation of International maritime law has become a long-standing discussion in International life. It is not surprising if many international conventions were born as a result of agreements between countries. The main trigger for the occurrence of sea conflicts is the potential for extraordinary marine wealth that can be exploited by the International community. Therefore, the regulation of sea law is vital in order to maintain discipline and world peace and in addition to protecting the sovereignty of each country. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach.

The Russian Armed Forces “New Look” Reform (2008-2013) Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Naufal Ahaddin Caesarialdy ,
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

Russia-Georgia relations had been declining since Georgia first voiced its intention for NATO membership in 2005 which later escalated into a war in 2008. Despite being victorious in the 2008 Russo-Georgian Five-Day War, the shortcomings of the Russian Armed Forces that were exposed during the war had led the country towards its “New Look” military reform announced months after the war. Many International Relations scholar draw a connection between the reform and Russia’s increasing assertiveness marked by the Crimean annexation and Russia’s involvement in Syria. This piece will then try to understand how Russian military performance in the 2008 war led to Russia’s most rigorous military reform, and more importantly, how did Russia implement its “New Look” reform during 2008 until 2013. Russia had underwent far reaching efforts and goals to transform the armed forces into combat-ready forces but had also faced challenges in modernizing its weaponry system, in increasing the quality and professionalism of its forces

Upaya Diaspora Indonesia Di Amerika Serikat Dalam Meningkatkan Brand Awardness Melalui Food Festival Aucky Adi Kurniawan, Nurdiana Abhiyoga Hartoni
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

Public diplomacy is one way to enhance inter-state cooperation through non-state actors. Among them is gastro diplomacy which is part of public diplomacy to realize the ideals of the two countries. Gastro diplomacy is food diplomacy to enhance Indonesia's brand awareness. The Indonesian Culinary Festival held in New York by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia is a tangible proof of a major activity to increase the country's cultural-tourism consumers, the Indonesian Diaspora coffers in the United States are actors who play an active role in this festival. Indonesian traditional food is part of an increase in Indonesia's tourism economy in the hope of increasing international interaction and cooperation. This paper will analyze the concepts, practices, and cons regarding gastro diplomacy. Starting from nation branding, this paper is expected to provide an overview of the concept of gastro diplomacy.

China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” in Sri Lanka : Debt Diplomacy in Hambantota Port Investment Adhe Nuansa Wibisono
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This article will discuss the impact of China's debt diplomacy in Sri Lanka through the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) which has an impact on China's control of the Hambantota Port for 99 years. The Belt and Road Initiative with the promotion of infrastructure investment is an example of the use of Chinese soft power diplomacy on a global level. In the Hambantota Port development project, Sri Lanka relied on development funding from China and subsequently defaulted. At first the Sri Lankan Government under the leadership of Mahinda Rajapaksa opened the investment door for China. From 2010 to 2015, China provided a $ 4.8 billion loan to build various infrastructure projects including the Hambantota Port, new airports, power plants and highways. Sri Lanka was then caught up in debt diplomacy carried out by China. Then, this article also discusses the response and efforts of the Sri Lankan government to renegotiate the ownership of Chinese shares in the Hambantota Port project. The Sri Lankan government is working hard to get out of the debt diplomacy trap. This article also then discusses the strategic economic and political impacts of controlling the Hambantota Port by China. This article uses books, research reports, theses, journals, newspapers, and online news as reference material.

Urgensi City Branding Dalam Paradiplomasi : Studi Kasus Kabupaten Serang Rizky Hikmawan , Rizkiya Ayu Maulida
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

Empirical Political Theory (Ept): Characteristics, Strength-Weakness, And Challenges Tonny Dian Effendi
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This article discusses EPT in political science research in three explanations, namely characteristics, strength-weakness, and challenges. EPT has four critical characteristics, i.e., deductive, empirical, theoretic-methodologist, and replication.EPT, as part of the empiricism approach, covers scientific elements (Hypotetico-Deductive) and theoretical-methodological elements. It also allowsreplication., where it can be applied to case-comparison at one theoretical building. However, Formal Model (FM) scholars criticize EPT since it too adopts natural science models. It also depends on the data to provethe relationship or influence between variables in the hypothesis. Nevertheless, the relations do not reflect the causal inference. Nonetheless, EPT contributes significantly to the development of political science research, and replication can be used to build new theories, at least the case comparisons.

The Role of the Indonesian Government in Implementing REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) Program Under Former President Yudhoyono Johni R.V Korwa
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This paper examines the extent to which the Indonesian government has reduced its greenhouse gases emissions coming from deforestation and forest degradation by using REDD program. Such program is highly regarded as a sophisticated instrument to foster collaboration between developing and developed countries in slashing the rate of deforestation. Indonesia itself has enacted the program as a national policy since 2009 under former President Yudhoyono. In this article, the secondary research method is utilized to gather data as well as adopting a qualitative approach to analyse the topic. This paper has found that Indonesia’s policy to curb the emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by conducting REDD program has not yet been successful, because of weaknesses in the implementation. They include the limitation of President’s power in driving policy; the ineffective of information exchange; the inability to do Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) activities; and contradiction in the decentralization process with regards to REDD implementation. However, some achievements are identified: a slow decline in the rate of deforestation and forest degradation; the continuity partnership between Indonesia and Norway; and the more participation of local stakeholder in supporting REDD program.

India-ASEAN Relation In The Framework Of Indo-Pacific Abhiram Singh Yadav
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

Despite decades of successful implementation of multiple regional cooperation policies in East and Southeast Asia, the Indo-Pacific concept is yet to be institutionalized. This paper attempts to examine the challenges that face the institutionalization of the Indo-Pacific concept by focusing on previous foreign policies and their significance in the region. Based on the findings, recommendations are generated to reflect the way Indo-Pacific can successfully be institutionalized.

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