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Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 0853196X EISSN : 26148889 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Indonesian Journal of Oil Palm Research Volume 26 Number 2 Year 2018 is published by presenting articles: Utilization of candlenut shell charcoal (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) as adsorben on refinery of Crude Palm Oil (CPO); Application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield based on rainfall and the previous level of yield; Utilization of endophytic bacteria to improve the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings growth; Nutrients use efficiency of several types of fertilizers on the oil palm seedling; and Fatty acid and carotene composition in Elaeis oleifera, interspecific hybrid, and the first pseudo-backcross in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Articles 115 Documents

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KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK DAN BILANGAN IOD MINYAK DARI SEMBILAN VARIETAS KELAPA SAWIT DxP KOMERSIAL DI PPKS Sujadi Sujadi; Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan; Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi; Abdul Razak Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Nine different oil palm commercial planting materials which are: DxP La Mé, DxP Yangambi, DxP Simalungun, DxP Marihat, DxP PPKS 239, DxP PPKS 540, DxP PPKS 718, DyxP SP1 (Dumpy) and DxP Langkat were analyzed for their fatty acid composition and Iodine Value (IV).Their dried mesocarp crude palm oil (CPO) content were observed between 63.3 – 88.5%, with DxP Yangambi had the highest (83.2 ± 5.3%) and significantly different compared to the rest of the varieties. DxP Simaungun had the highest palmitic acid (47.8 ± 2.1%), while DxP La Me had the highest oleic acid (44.3 ± 2.9%) and both were significantly different from the other varieties. Nevertheless, other fatty acid content in the CPO were not significantly different between varieties. IV in the CPO was not significantly different between varieties, with DxP PPKS 540 and DxP La Mé had the highest with 56.5 ± 2.0 Wijs and 55.6 ± 2.6 Wijs respectively, while DxP Simalungun had the lowest IV with 50.1 ± 2.2 Wijs. Palm kernel oil (PKO) content between varieties was not significantly different and gave number between 44.1 – 56.0%. The main fatty acid component in the PKO were lauric acid (44.3 ± 49.7), myristic acid (14.0 ± 17.7), oleic acid (14.4 ± 19.7) and palmitic acid (7.6 ± 9.4). Most of the fatty acid composition of the PKO were not significantly different betwen varieties, except for the myristic acid content of the DxP PPKS 718. No significant different also observed on the IV of the PKO between varieties, with DxP Marihat had the highest (21.6 ± 1.6 Wijs) and DxP La Mé had the lowest (19.6 ± 2.3 Wijs).

KERAGAMAN GENETIK POPULASI E. oleifera DAN POPULASI E. guineensis x E. oleifera PADA KOLEKSI PLASMA NUTFAH PPKS Rokhana Faizah; Sri Wening; Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi; Abdul Razak Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

The oil palm species of Elaeis oleifera have some superior characters not possessed by E. guineensis species. The cross between E. oleifera x E. guineensis (E. o x E. g.) Is carried out to insert the superior character of E. oleifera into the E. guineensis species and to obtain individuals who possess a superior characteristic blend of both species. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity within and between populations of E. oleifera, as well as relationships between E. oleifera, E. guineensis and its interspecific hybrids. A total of 8 germplasm populations used were E. oleifera originating from Suriname and Brazil, E. guineensis population of Dura Deli and SP540T, and interspecific crosses of hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia, hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera which is presumably from Colombia, as well as hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Brazil. A total of sixteen Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze 92 individuals from 8 populations. PCoA results show that 8 Elaeis populations cluster in each group. The hybrid population of E. guineensis x E. oleifera suspected of Colombia has a very close kinship relationship with hybrid E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia and clumped in the same quadrant. This suggests that the hybrid is indeed a hybrid of E. guineensis x E. oleifera from Colombia. The population of E. oleifera from Suriname showed the lowest genetic diversity, with the number of different alleles, specific alleles, heterozygosity values, and the percentages of polymorphic loci sequentially were 1.37, 0.18, 0.09, and 37.50%. While the population of interspecific interspecific crossbreeds of the E. oleifera species showed the highest genetic diversity with values of 3.81, 0.43, 0.62 and 100%.

DISTRIBUSI PERAKARAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA UKURAN LUBANG TANAM DAN APLIKASI TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT YANG BERBEDA Iput Pradiko; Fandi Hidayat; Nuzul Hijri Darlan; Heri Santoso; Winarna Winarna; Suroso Rahutomo; Edy Sigit Sutarta
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

This study was conducted to determine the root distribution and to analyze soil physical factors that affect roots development in different size of planting hole; standard (0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.6 m), medium ((1 x 1 cm x 0.6 m) with 400 kg empty fruit bunches (EFB)/hole and 740 g urea/hole, and big (2.8 mx 2.8 mx 1 m) with 400 kg EFB/hole and 740 gr urea/hole. This study employed demonstration plot that used a non factorialrandomized block design (RBD) with three treatments (standard, medium, and big hole) and three replications. The results showed that total distribution of oil palm roots in standard, medium, and big planting 3 3 hole are respectively 28.60 g /dm ; 26.69 g/dm ; and 3 24.47 g/dm . Types of planting hole did not significantly affect primary root, but significantly affected secondary and tertiary root distribution. In big planting hole, oil palm has highest secondary and tertiary roots distribution than the others (up to 70%). Increasing ofpermeability, porosity, and decreasing of soil bulk density tends to increase root distribution, especially tertiary. Meanwhile, increase on soil water content is not followed by secondary and tertiary distribution, since booth root types more distributed in the upper soil layer. Better soil tillage; through big planting hole, can improve soil properties and optimizing development of secondary and tertiary roots.

PERBAIKAN SIFAT-SIFAT DAN PENCEGAHAN HIDROFOBISITAS TANAH GAMBUT DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT MELALUI APLIKASI TERAK BAJA Winarna Winarna; Iput Pradiko; Muhdan Syarovy; Fandi Hidayat
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

PERKEMBANGAN POPULASI Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST PASCA INTRODUKSI DAN PENINGKATAN FRUIT SET KELAPA SAWIT DI PULAU SERAM, MALUKU, INDONESIA Agus Eko Prasetyo; Agus Susanto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

DUGAAN GEJALA DEPRESI SILANG-DALAM DAN TINGKAT HOMOZIGOSITAS POPULASI KELAPA SAWIT HASIL PENYERBUKAN SENDIRI GENERASI KE-4 SP540T DAN GENERASI KE-5 DURA DELI Rokhana Faizah; Sri Wening; Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi; Abdul Razak Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Inbreeding is a common method used to reproduce candidate mother plant from selected parental lines for commercial seeds in Reciprocal Recurrent Selection (RRS) oil palm breeding program. However this practice may increased homozigosity level of selected population. This study concerned the level of homozygosity of SP540T fourth generations and Dura Deli Dolok Sinumbah fifth generations (3 crosses respectively) and their correlation with inbreeding depression symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Simple Sequence Repeat (PCR-SSR) with 16 markers developed for oil palm was used to analyze 327 samples. The result shows that the levels of homozigosity of SP540T fourth selfing generation were ranged between 0.44-0.84 or 0.61 in average. While the levels of homozygosity of Dura Deli fifth selfing generations were ranged between 0.60-0.93 or 0.78 in average. The homozygosity level in Dura Deli was 1.27% higher than SP540T populations. Correlation analysis showed that the higher the level of homozygosity, the higher of the inbreeding symptoms 2 observed (R =0.95).

KADAR DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA MINYAK PADA BAGIAN-BAGIAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DARI DELAPAN VARIETAS PPKS Sujadi Sujadi; Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan; Meta Rivani; Abdul Razak Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.

OPTIMASI PROTOKOL EKSTRAKSI DNA Elaeidobius kamerunicus Sri Wening; Agus Eko Prasetyo; Tjut Ahmad Perdana Rozziansha; Agus Susanto
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

African pollination weevil (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) has an important role in the productivity of Indonesian oil palm plantation. Up to now, there has not been a comprehensive biological study of the species at molecular level. The basic knowledge is very useful for exploitation of the weevil for effective oil palm fruit set development. This research aimed to obtain DNA extraction protocol of E. kamerunicus for DNA fingerprinting of the species. Results showed that using a DNA extraction kit,material disruption by using micro pestle resulted the highest quantity of DNA, while there were no significant differences of resulted DNA quantity among treatments using tissue lyser for material disruption. DNA extracted by using micro pestle or tissue lyser for material disruption is adequate for DNA fingerprinting using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequencing techniques.

HUBUNGAN POLA CURAH HUJAN DAN PERFORMA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PULAU SUMATRA DAN KALIMANTAN SELAMA EL NIÑO 2015 Iput Pradiko; Eko Novandy Ginting; Nuzul Hijri Darlan; Winarna Winarna; Hasril Hasan Siregar
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.

PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS (ALB) DI DALAM MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH Eka Nuryanto; Iput Pradiko; Zulfi Prima Sani Nasution
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 24 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Mixing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with high and lower Free Fatty Acid (FFA) is a technique to reduce FFA in CPO. Avocado Seeds Extract (ASE) was expected to reduce the FFA. This study was conducted to test the ability of ASE on reducing ALB in CPO. The variable in this study is ASE solution (0-50 ml). The whole treatment were conducted at same level of o temperatur 60 C, stirring speed (400 rpm) and reaction time (60 minutes). The research was employed non factorial Completely Randomized Design. Statistical analysis was performed using F Test along with Duncan Test. The results showed that addition of ASE can reduce FFA. The results of F Test showed that the addition of 25 ml ASE is the most effective for reduction ALB content (4.65 % to 0.22 %) in CPO.

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