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Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Status Kontrol Glikemik pada Kehamilan dengan Diabetes Melitus (Studi Kasus Kontrol Pasien di Beberapa RS di Kota Semarang) Resna Meiwarnis; Ariawan Soejoenoes; Heri Nugroho; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Henry Setyawan
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 1, No 2: Agustus 2016
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : The number of diabetes patients was higher in women than men. The high prevalence in women occurs in pregnant women because of the increasing age of childbearing. Commonly, pregnancy in women with diabetes was associated with morbidity and mortality. Data obtained from Diabetic Department King’s College Hospital mentioned that during pregnancy, a good control of maternal diabetes cause a progressive decline in blood glucose control. The purpose of this research is to explain some risk factors related to glycaemic control status in pregnancy with diabetes mellitus. Methods : This research was an observational study using case control design by using retrospective approach. The population of this study is all cases of pregnancy with diabetes with the number of sample was 62 people, consist of 31 cases and 31 control with consecutive sampling. In this research, cases sample selection was chosed from pregnant women with diabetes who come to Tugurejo Hospital, Semarang City Hospital and Roemani Hospital during 2015. Control sample selection was chosed from non pregnant women with diabetes who come to Tugurejo Hospital, Semarang City Hospital and Roemani Hospital during 2015. Results : The pattern of taking medications that was not good (p= 0,002; aOR= 7,2; 95%CI= 1,9-17,2) was risk factors of poor glycaemic control status with probability event amounted was 70,0%. Conclusion : The risk factors to glycaemic control status in pregnancy with diabetes was the pattern of taking medications that was not good. Background :Thenumber ofdiabetes patients washigher inwomen thanmen.Thehigh prevalence in women occurs in pregnant women because of the increasing age of childbearing. Commonly, pregnancy inwomen withdiabetes wasassociated withmorbidity andmortality. Dataobtained fromDiabetic Department King’s College Hospital mentioned that during pregnancy, agood control ofmaternal diabetes cause aprogressive decline in bloodglucosecontrol.Thepurposeof thisresearchisto explainsomeriskfactorsrelatedto glycaemiccontrolstatusinpregnancywithdiabetesmellitus.Methods :Thisresearch wasanobservational studyusingcasecontrol design by using a retrospective approach. Thepopulation ofthisstudyisallcasesofpregnancy withdiabetes with the number of sample was 62 people, consist of 31 cases and 31 control with consecutive sampling. In this research, cases sample selection was chosed from pregnant women with diabetes who come to Tugurejo Hospital, Semarang City Hospital and Roemani Hospital during 2015. Control sample selection was chosed from non pregnant women with diabetes who come to Tugurejo Hospital, Semarang City Hospital and RoemaniHospitalduring2015.Results:Thepatternoftakingmedications thatwasnotgood(p=0,002;aOR=7,2;95% CI=1,9-17,2)was risk factors of poor glycaemic control status with probability event amountedwas70,0%.Conclusion :Theriskfactorstoglycaemiccontrolstatusinpregnancywithdiabeteswasthe patternoftakingmedicationsthatwasnotgood.

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Malaria di Puskesmas Cluwak dan Puskesmas Dukuhseti Kabupten Pati Fadjar Harry Wiwoho; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Ari Suwondo
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 1, No 1: Februari 2016
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background: Malaria cases in Indonesia have increased, where the API or the number of malaria positive in a region per thousand population, in 2009 that is 1.85 per 1,000 population rose to 1.96 per 1000 population in 2010. The purpose of this study to determine the risk factors of malaria in Pati Community Health Center.Method: This research used observational research method using case control study and sharpened with qualitative data through indepth interview. The case samples in this study were malaria patients with positive edge blood glucose (+) Plasmodium from case study population subjects, and control study samples were non-exposed to malaria. Data collection was done by observation and interview using questionnaire. The research variables are nutritional status, outdoor habit at night, habit of using mosquito net, habit of using mosquito repellent, presence of house ceiling, condition of wall of house, existence of sewer, existence of pond / fish pond, existence of bush, endemic areas, and the incidence of malaria. Processing and data analysis in this study was using Chi Square statistical test and statistical test of Logistic Regression.Results: The results showed that several factors that proved to be a risk factor for malaria occurrence were habit using mosquito net (p value=<0.01); The state of the home sky (p value=0.003); Existence of the gutter around the environment (p value=0.002).Conclusion: Factors that proved to be a risk factor for malaria occurrence were habit using mosquito net; The state of the home sky.

Faktor Karakteristik Klinis Host dan Sosiodemografik yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Dengue Shock Syndrome Dias Irawan Prasetya; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro; Djoko Trihadi Lukmono; Martini Martini
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 2, No 2: Agustus 2017
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) is DHF grades III and IV, which can result in disease severity and lead to the death. In 2016, the number of DHF/DSS cases in Semarang City was 2.200 cases (IR=124,50) with 293 cases DSS or 15,4% from DHF, and CFR DSS cases is 9,21%.Methods : An observational analytic was conducted with case-control study design. Study populations were patients with diagnosis of DSS or diagnosis of DHF that admitted inK.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang City. The samples were 70 cases and 70controls by consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed by logistic regression.Results : Patients DHF with age ≤ 15 years OR=4,277 (95% CI=1,325-13,598), secondary infection OR=2,807 (95% CI=1,116-7,055), hepatomegaly OR=3,206 (95% CI=1,055-9,745) and thrombocytopenia (<50.000/µL) OR=11,301 (95% CI= 4,674-27,325) is a factors that influenced for incidence of dengue shock syndrome. Sex, nausea/vomiting,hemoconcentration, BMI, blood type, prolonged acces to health services, signs of spontaneous bleeding, abdominal pain, hypotension, acces to health services, knowledge and awareness of parents / suffers were not associated with DSS.Conclusion : Host clinical characteristic variables were evident influenced to DSS is age ≤ 15 years, secondary infection, hepatomegaly, and thrombocytopenia (<50.000/µL).

Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Wanita (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kendal) Siti Musyarofah; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Budi Laksono; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro; Lintang Dian Saraswati
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 2, No 1: Februari 2017
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background: HIV/AIDS are major problem that threatens Indonesia and many countries around the world. In 2011 there were 17.3 million adults living with AIDS were women. The purpose of studies proved that host and environmental factors were associated the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women. Method: The research using case-control study, was supported by indepth interview. The target population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDS and 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, control with cluster sampling. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1 (p = 0,003), level of education was low ≤ 9 years (p = 0,049) and the ﬁrst married age < 20 years (p = 0,03); environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband (p=0,001). Host factors were not signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drug users, the habit of drinking alcohol, violence, type of job, and socioeconomic. Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1, level of education was low ≤ 9 years, and the ﬁrst married age <20 years; environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband. Background:HIV/AIDSaremajorproblemthatthreatensIndonesiaandmanycountriesaround theworld.In2011therewere17.3millionadultslivingwithAIDSwerewomen.Thepurposeof studiesprovedthathostandenvironmentalfactorswereassociatedtheoccurenceofHIV/AIDS inwomen.Method:Theresearchusingcase-controlstudy,wassupportedbyindepthinterview.Thetarget population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDSand 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, controlwithclustersampling.Bivariateanalysisusingchi-squaretestandmultivariateanalysis usedlogisticregression.Results: Multivariateanalysisshowedthathostfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththe occurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomenwerethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1(p=0,003), levelofeducationwaslow≤9years(p=0,049)andtheﬁrstmarriedage<20years(p=0,03); environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSonherhusband(p=0,001).HostfactorswerenotsigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththeoccurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomen were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drugusers,thehabitofdrinkingalcohol,violence,typeofjob,andsocioeconomic.Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women werethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1,levelofeducationwaslow≤9years,andtheﬁrst marriedage<20years;environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSon herhusband.

Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian Kaki Diabetik pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (Studi Kasus Kontrol di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang) Rina Rina; Henry Setyawan; Heri Nugroho; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 1, No 2: Agustus 2016
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : Diabetic foot is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and are the most feared by people who suffer of diabetes mellitus as it can lead to disability or even death. This more specific research on risk factors of the ethnic communities of the Minangkabau society. The purpose of this research is to prove the factors related to the incidence of diabetic foot in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods : The research applied with mix method were quantitative as the main approach (case control design) and qualitative as support (indepth interview). Target population is all people with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Padang City, West Sumatera Province there were 172 respondent involved, consisting of 86 cases and 86 controls with concequtive sampling technique. Data analysis included univariat and bivariat analysis using the chi square test and mu ltivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression test.Results : Factors proven to correlate with the incidence of diabetic foot in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus are deformities in legs (p=<0,001), habit of smoking (p=<0,001), age ≥45 years (p=<0,001; OR=27,6; 95%CI=3,96-193,23), a series of ulceration on the legs (p=0,001;), and hypertension (p=0,001), with the probability of 95,88%. Protective factors on the incidence of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is a gender (p=0,002).Conclusion : Risk factors to the incidence of diabetic foot are related of the deformities in the foot, smoking, age, leg ulceration and hypertension

Berbagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) (Studi di Beberapa Puskesmas Kota Makassar) Hasriyani Hasriyani; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Kamilah Budhi; Mexitalia Setiawati; Henry Setyawan
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 3, No 2: Agustus 2018
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) as community health problem have remained as the main cause of prenatal morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, the occurrence rate of LBW has reached 10,2%. LBW has caused by multifactors such as maternal factor, fetus factor, and environmental factor. The aim of the study was to elaborate if maternal factor and environmental factor are the risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence.Method: The study was based on case control design. The number of samples was 138 respondents who were categorized into 69 cases and 69 controls fulﬁlling the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The cases were mothers with babies having birth weight <2500 grams regarding the gestational age, and the controls were mothers with babies having birth weight ≥2500 grams regarding the gestational age. Sampling method to the cases was conducted by consecutive sampling while sampling to the controls was conducted by simple random sampling with matching to sex and location.Results: Maternal factors observed as risk factors contributing to LBW are low nutritional status (OR=5.357; 95%CI=1.985-14.457), illness pregnancy (OR=3.976; 95%CI=1.669-9.476). Maternal factors and environmental factors observed as non-risk factors to LBWN are age < 20 years old or age > 35 years, the spacing of pregnancy < 2 years, the of family members smoking at home, the of a food taboos culture, ANC status < 4x , low social economy status.Conclusion: Low nutritional status, illness pregnancy are risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence. The probability of LBW occurrence when those risk factors observed are 68,87%.

Berbagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Rawat Inap Jemaah Diabetes Melitus di Arab Saudi (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Embarkasi Adisumarmo) Rakhamanto Wahyu Nugroho; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Widiastuti Samekto; Sugiri Sugiri; Djoko Trihadi Lukmono
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 2, No 2: Agustus 2017
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : Given the magnitude of high-risk DM throughout Hajj embarkation and pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia, we need for prevention and control of DM pilgrims hospitalization case in Saudi Arabia. To prevent and control the incidence of hospitalization, public and the government needs to know the various factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization.Methods : The study was observational with case control study design. The study population is the assembly of DM in Adisumarmo Hajj embarkation. Number of samples of 135 people with 45 cases and 90 controls. The dependent variable is inpatient diabetic in Saudi Arabia , the independent variable is demographics (age, gender, education level), comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, obesity), behavior (compliance with diet and medication), the knowledge, long suffered diabetic, environment (temperature and duration in Saudi Arabia.Results : Most respondents had long suffered from diabetes. The level of compliance of respondents to the diet DM and DM medication adherence is good. Multivariate factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization DM pilgrims in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence (p=0.001, OR=14,95% CI= 2.78 to 70.97 ) and knowledge (p = 0.003, OR = 6.5; 95% CI=0.59 to 4.51).Conclusion : Factors that influence the incidence of DM pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence and knowledge.

Faktor Risiko Gagal Konversi Pengobatan Penderita Baru Tuberkulosis Paru Fase Intensif (Studi di Kota Bandar Lampung) Olys Olys; Bagoes Widjanarko; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Djoko Trihadi Lukmono
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 1, No 2: Agustus 2016
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : Tuberculosis along with HIV is a major cause of death worldwide. Globally in2014, there were an estimated 9.6 million people get TB. Achievement conversion rate of TBin the province of Lampung based Riskesdas 2010 and 2013 experienced a sharp decline of90% in 2011 to only 38.1% in 2014 (National target> 85%). Internal and external factors are closely related to the incident, it is necessary to do in-depth study to determine the factors that influence the conversion failure of TB patients in the intensive phase of treatment.Methods : This research was analytic observational cohort design. The study population was patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Bandar Lampung starting treatment. The total sample of 126, the dependent variable was the incidence of failed conversion, independent variables are internal factors (positive gradation, BMI, hemoglobin levels and symptoms of anxiety of patients) and external factors (smoking, alcohol consumption and the role of health workers). Samples were obtained by exhaustive sampling.Results : AFB positive gradation (aRR=12,7; 95%CI: 3,580 to 45,539; p=0,000), the role ofhealth workers (aRR=9,8; 95%CI : 3,451 to 28,221; p=0,000) and consumption of alcoholic beverages (aRR=5,5; 95%CI : 1,927 to 15,566; p=0,001) proved to be a risk factor for conversion failure with probability event together amounted to 95.3%.Conclusion : The risk factors that affect the incidence of TB is conversion failure patients with 2+ and 3+ BTA gradation, alcohol consumption and the role of health workers.

Beberapa Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Dekompresi pada Penyelam Tradisional (Studi Kasus di Karimunjawa) Halena Isrumanti Duke; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Sofa Chasani; Anies Anies; Munasik Munasik
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 1, No 1: Februari 2016
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background : Decompression sickness is caused by the release and development of gas bubbles in the late phase of blood or tissue due to the rapid pressure drop in the vicinity. Risk factors affected to decompression sympton such as depth, long dive, smoking habit, obesity, alcohol consumption, dehydration, and anemia. The purpose of this study to explain the magnitude of the effect of risk factors on the incidence of decompression sickness in divers traditional.Methods : This is mixed methode study that used a case-control study design is strengthened with indepth interview. Subject of respondents 46 were chosen, including 23 cases and 23 controls were taken by purposive sampling. Research instrument was a questionnaire interview. Analysis of the data using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression).Result : Variables that proved to be a risk factor for decompression is the depth of the dive ≥30 meters (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1059-41390, p = 0.043), longer dives ≥ 2 hours (OR = 61 680,95% CI = 3.687-1031.93, p = 0.004) and anemia (OR = 14,453, 95% CI = 2146-97346, p =0.006). Variables that are not proven to be a risk factor for decompression is smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity.Conclusions : Factors that influence the incidence of decompression, depth of dive ≥ 30 m, long dive ≥ 2 hours, and anemia with probability 94,45%.

Faktor Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Petani Penyemprot yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Serum Cholinesterase di Kabupaten Brebes Devi Ayu Susilowati; Suhartono Suhartono; Bagoes Widjanarko
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 3, No 2: Agustus 2018
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background: Spray farmers are is one of the population at risk for pesticide poisoning. To determine the presence of pesticide exposure and risk assessment of pesticide poisoning is by measuring serum ChE levels. Based on the data results of ChE examination by Brebes District Health Ofﬁce found 5.5% mild poisoning in Dukuhlo Village. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of the use of pesticides with serum cholinestearse levels in spraying farmers.Method: This research use cross sectional design. Involved 88 farmer sprayers in Dukuhlo Village. The research variables were age, nutritional status, knowledge, attitude, completeness of PPE, smoking when spraying, spraying on wind direction, cleaning sweat by hand or cloth, reentering agriculture area, spraying time, frekuesni spraying, pesticide storage method, and Last time to spray. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis.Results: Factors shown to be associated with serum ChE levels were knowledge of pesticides (p= 0.005; OR: 12,369; 95% CI = 2,1-71,5) and smoking when spraying (p = 0.005; OR: 9,641;95% CI = 2.0-46.1). Factors not shown to be associated with se rum ChE levels are age, nutritional status, attitude, completeness of APD application, spraying on the wind direction, sweating with hands or cloth, reentering agriculture, spraying, fracturing spraying, Pesticides, and last time to spray.Conclusion: Factors associated with serum ChE levels are knowledge of pesticides and smoking when spraying. Health counseling is needed to increase knowledge about pesticides and the dangers of smoking while spraying.

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