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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

bioma
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 25982370 DOI : -

Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education

BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.

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Articles 278 Documents

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Rasio Otot-Tulang Ekstremitas Posterior Ayam Pedaging Setelah Pemberian Teh Kombucha Dalam Air Minum Kumala, Amelia Setya Nur; Djaelani, Muhammad Anwar; Yuniwarti, Enny Yusuf Wachidah
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 19, No. 1, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Kombucha tea beverage obtained by fermenting sweetened green tea for 12 days with Acetobacter xylinum and Saccharomyces which produce various kinds of organic acids, vitamins, and acts as a probiotic. Kombucha tea role as growth promoter is to enhance the metabolic processes in the digestive system of broiler, so that the nutrients can be absorbed and fulfilled properly for optimal growth and development. The research was conducted from September to October 2014 in the Laboratory of Biological Structure and Function, Diponegoro University. Posterior limb (femur-tibiotarsus) meat-bone ratio analysis was used to investigate the effects of kombucha tea on the productivity of broiler chicken. A total of 20 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatment concentrations ( 0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of kombucha tea in drinking water) for 32 days. Statistical analysis using ANOVA at 0,05 significance level and Duncanâ€™s Multiple Range Test showed significantly different results on body weight and water intake, while feed intake, meat weight, bone weight and meat-bone ratio showed no significant results. It can be concluded from this study that the decrease of broiler chicken body weight due to consumption of 40% kombucha tea concentration in drinking water, do not cause a decrease in posterior limb meat and bone weight so that the posterior limb meat-bone ratio were not significantly different.Â Key words: Kombucha tea, broiler chicken, posterior limb, meat-bone ratio.

Produksi Inulinase Pichia alni DUCC-W4 pada Tepung Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Willd) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Ammonium Nitrat dan Waktu Inkubasi Wijanarka, Wijanarka; Ferniah, Rejeki Siti; Salamah, Salamah
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 10, No. 2, Tahun 2008
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Inulinase (E.C.3.2.1.7) merupakan kelompok enzim hidrolase yang mampu menghidrolisis inulin menjadi fruktosa. Produksi fruktosa secara langsung dari inulin oleh enzim inulinase hanya memerlukan satu tahap reaksi enzimatis dan menghasilkan 90% fruktosa sehingga lebih efisien. Optimasi perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi inulinase, antara lain dengan penambahan sumber nitrogen dan optimasi waktu inkubasi. Khamir merupakan salah satu mikroba yang dapat memproduksi enzim. Salah satu khamir inulinolitik yang berhasil diisolasi dari umbi dahlia yaitu Pichia alni DUCC-W4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui variasi konsentrasi NH4NO3 dan waktu inkubasi Pichia alni DUCC-W4 dalam memproduksi inulinase pada tepung umbi dahlia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium mikrobiologi, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Diponegoro. Penentuan aktivitas inulinase dilakukan dengan metode DNS. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor I (P0, P1, P2, dan P3) berupa konsentrasi NH4NO3 yang berbeda yaitu 0,029mM; 0,05 mM; 0,1 mM; 0,15 mM dan faktor II (H1, H2, dan H3) berupa waktu inkubasi (12 jam,18 jam, dan 24 jam). Masing â€“ masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode ANOVA. Aktivitas inulinase masing â€“ masing perlakuan pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam yaitu 0,567 U/mL, 0,407 U/mL, 0,304 U/mL, 0,486 U/mL, pada waktu inkubasi18 jam yaitu 0,761 U/mL, 0,644 U/mL, 0,543 U/mL, 0,554 U/mL, sedangkan waktu inkubasi 24 jam yaitu 0,564U/mL, 0,567 U/mL, 0,529U/mL, 0,612 U/mL. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi NH4NO3 pada medium produksi dan perbedaan waktu inkubasi tidak meningkatkan aktivitas inulinase Pichia alni DUCC-W4.

Perbandingan Karakter Ekologi OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) Dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Masa Tanam Yang Berbeda Di Sawah Organik Dan Anorganik Hadi, Mochamad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 20, No. 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Kualitas dan kuantitas tanaman padi sebagai produsen dalam jaring makanan akan mengundang hadirnya serangga herbivore sebagai konsumen pertama. Hadirnya serangga herbivore atau sering disebut OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) di ekosistem sawah akan mengganggu produktivitas tanaman padi. Namun demikian hadirnya OPT di ekosistem sawah juga akan mengundang serangga musuh alaminya sebagai konsumen tingkat kedua, baik predator maupun parasitoiid, yang akan mengontrol keberadaan OPT. Pertanian organik adalah manajemen pertanian yang meniadakanÂ penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik sebagai sarana produksi, baik berupa pupuk maupun pestisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakterÂ ekologi serangga OPT dan musuh alaminya pada masa tanam yang berbeda yaitu padi dan palawija pada sawah organik dan anorganik. Karakter ekologi dianalisis dengan jumlah jenis, jumlah individu, indeks keragaman (Hâ€™), kelimpahan (Di) dan kemerataan (e). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum karakter ekologi OPT dan musuh alami di dua masa tanam yang berbeda hampir sama, baik di sawah organik maupun anorganik. Jumlah jenis maupun jumlah individu OPT dan musuh alaminya di sawah organik maupun anorganik pada dua masa tanam yang berbeda juga menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama. Keragaman dan kemerataan persebaran OPT dan musuh alaminya juga tidak berbeda pada kedua masa tanam yang berbeda. Namun demikian pada kedua masa tanam menunjukkan perbedaan dalam jenis OPT maupun musuh alaminya yang hadir, namun antara sawah organik dengan sawah anorganik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Kata kunci : Â OPT, musuh alami, masa tanam, sawah organik dan sawah anorganik.

Produksi Bioetanol Dari Rumput Laut dan Limbah Agar Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Yang Berbeda Adini, Saniha; Kusdiyantini, Endang; Budiharjo, Anto
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 16, No.2, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The Indonesia needs of Bioethanol were 390.000 kL in 2012, but the local ethanol production only able to cover less than 4% from the needed. The high demand of the bioethanol encourage for another innovation in ethanol production more efficient and effectively. Seaweeds and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. could be useful as substrate for bioethanol production, because of the high amount of polysaccharide, cellulose and galactan type. Unfortunately, this cellulose and galactan had through the saccharification process first, before they can be used as substrates in bioethanol production. This study examined the difference between two saccharification process which are acid hydrolisis using H2SO4 1% and enzymatic process using Aspergillus niger on the use seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. for bioethanol production. Bioethanol production been conducted for 5 days and in each 24 hour, the sampling for cell number variable, reduction sugar amount variable, and medium fermentation pH variable had been retrieved. The ethanol amount calculation in the last incubation phase conducted using distillate fermentation spesific gravity methode. The highest ethanol was obtained 5,50%Â by treatment using seaweed medium with acid hydrolisis. The anova analysis result showed that interaction between medium variable and hydrolisis didnâ€™t have signifficant influence toward ethanol product. It showed that seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. had same quality and they can be useful as main component of bioethanol production which are hydrolisis by enzymatic or acid hydrolisis. Â Key Words :Â Gracilaria sp., the residual pulp, saccharification, reducing sugar, ethanol

Komposisi Vegetasi Habitat Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) di Kawasan Wana Wisata Kalipaingan Kabupaten Pekalongan Kurniawan, Arif; Baskoro, Karyadi; Jumari, J
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 21, No 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Declining population of Â javan langur caused by several factors such as deforestation and forest fragmentation which are the main habitat for langurs. the vegetation composition of the langur habitat is very important with regard to the density and dominance of trees that have special functions such as tree feed sources, trees at rest and sleeping trees. Â Research on Javan langur habitat had been conducted Wana Wisata Kalipaingan, Pekalongan Regency. Habitat data, as vegetation community and abiotic factor also collected. The research was conducted in March-July 2018. Tree spesies that has the largest INP value is petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) followed by bendo (Atrocorpus elasticus). There are 9 spesies used as feed sources. 3 spesies are used as resting places and 1 tree spesies asa a sleep places.

Beberapa Aspek Biologi Parasitoid Apantheles sp pada Inangnya, Spodopera litura, Fab. setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata (Lour) Tarwotjo, Udi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of leaf and branch extract of the Aglaia odorata against:Â emergences of adult Apantheles sp emerged from S. litura larvae, (2) the extract effect to live cycle and reproduction ofÂ Apantheles sp (3) and its effect against theÂ morphology character some of parasitoid. The metode was used by of leaf-dip method. The leaf and branch effectivity bioassay used by of Ricinus communis leaf . The leaf disk were dipped in the extract solution on six concentrationÂ for 10 s, and air dried. Each leaf disks was placedÂ six bottles glass and ten larvae were placed in each botlle, each concentration was replicated four time. Data collectedÂ were subjected an anaysis of variance followed by mean comparation based of DuncanÂ´t New Multiple Range Test. The imago Apantheles sp. emerged from host, S.Â litura larvae was recorded of live cycle, its reproduction, and morphology character. The result showed that the length of pre adult stage of emerging parasitoids from of S.Â litura larvae treated with 85,99 ppm was 45 percent, and with 21,95 ppm was 22,22 percent. The extract toxicity to natural enemies such as parasitoids relatively non toxis. The live cycle of female adult parasitoid was 16,90 and 6,20 days. Reproduction capacity of adult female parasitoids of 85,99 mg/L was 69,4 eggs/adult, which was statistically different from control, whereas of 21,95 treatment, it was 65,40 eggs/adult and its was not significant to control. Key words: Aglaia odorata, Lour, Spodoptera litura,, morphology character, Apanteles sp

Lemak Abdominal Ayam Broiler (Gallus sp.) Karena Pengaruh Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Vahl.) Pratikno, Herry -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 1, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

This research is aimes to know the effect of turmeric extract on broiler abdominal fat. Fourty eight broilerchickens strain CP 707 placed on 48 batteray cages and was randomized, then were acclimated during 1 week.Those chicken was alloted into 4 groups, each group was treated as follows : T0 (control) : were not given turmerinextract; T1 : were given turmerin extract 200 mg/kg BW/day; T2 : were given turmerin extract 400 mg/kg BW/day;T3 : were given turmerin extract 600 mg/kg BW/day. Turmerin extract was given on capsul shape. Replication of thetreatment was 6 times. Long of the treatment was 2 steps, step I (L1) turmerin extract was given during 2-3 weeks (8â€“ 21 days age), step II (L2) the treatment was continued during 3 weeks (22 â€“ 42 days age), turmerin extract dosewas ajusted to the chicken body weight. The chicken were feed with BR I and BR II. Food and drinking water weregiven in an ad libitum manner. Main parameter observed was abdominal fat weight, supporting parameter was bodyweight and food consumption. Data was analyzed by varians analysis with Split Plot Design and continued withDuncan Multiple Range Test. The result was turmerin extract influences broilerâ€™s abdominal fat. Increase anddecrease of abdominal fat are comparable with chicken body weight. On chicken 1 â€“ 4 weeks of age, 200 mg/kgBW/day turmerin extract and 400 mg/kg BW/day turmerin extract increase chickenâ€™s abdominal fat. On chicken 4 â€“7 weeks of age, 200 mg/kg BW/day turmerin extract increases chickenâ€™s abdominal fat.

Pembentukan Cabang Lateral Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) Setelah Perlakuan Girdling Darmanti, Sri -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 10, No. 1, Tahun 2008
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) merupakan tanaman yang pontensial sebagai sumber BBM yang terbarukan.Oleh karena itu peningkatan produksi biji jarak diperlukan untuk mendukung produksi BBM ini. Karena buah JarakPagar hanya terbentuk pada ujung batang dan ketiak daun yang dekat dengan ujung batang, maka jumlah cabangyang banyak diperlukan untuk mendapatkan produksi biji jarak yang tinggi. Pembentukan cabang lateral dipengaruhioleh keseimbangan fitohormon antara lain sitokinin dan auksin. Girdling merupakan teknik untuk mengaturkeseimbangan kedua fitohormon tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, perlakuan girdling dilakukan terhadap tanaman jarakdari stek yang berumur 5 bulan. Setiap perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap satu bulan dandiakhiri setelah 6 bulan. Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh hasil bahwa perlakuan girdling berpengaruh memacupembentukan cabang lateral sedangkan tanaman control tidak membentuk cabang lateral sampai akhir perlakuan.

Kadar Protein Daging Pada Keturunan Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) Betina (F1) Dari Induk Yang Diberi Suplemen Serbuk Kunyit Dalam Pakan Rifa'i, Ahmad; Saraswati, Tyas Rini; Tana, Silvana
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 18, No.2, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

This research aims to review determine protein level of meat tillers (F1) quails female breederwas treated supplemented turmeric powdersin feeds. This research using an experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD). The animals test used 45 tillers quail female its breederwas treated supplements turmeric powders, divided in 3 (three) treatment, i.e. K0: Tillersquails female which breeder was not treated supplements turmeric powders in feed. K1: Tillersquails female which breeder was treated turmeric powder 54 mg/head/day in feed. K2: Tillersquails female which breeder was treated turmeric powder 108 mg/head/day in feed. Tillersjapanese quail not given any treatment, only the standard feed and maintained until 60 days. Data is taken from meat protein content, daily feed intake and body weight. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with assisted program SPSS 16, the results show a real difference, then continued with Duncan test with 95% confidence level (Î±=0.05). The results showed that effect of turmeric powder on breeder can lower daily feed intake, but can increase the protein content of the meat, so the feed efficiency is increased in tillers japanese quails female of breeder was treated turmeric powder.Â Keywords: Coturnixcoturnix japonica L.,Meat protein content, Japanese quail, Turmeric powder.

Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Bryofauna Terestrial Di Zona Tropik Gunung Ungaran, Semarang, Jawa Tengah Munarsih, Atik; Rahadian, Rully; Hadi, Mochamad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 16, No.1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Bryofauna is all of the animal life which associated with moss. Actually, biodiversity of bryofauna have not been studied much in Indonesia. Research on community structure of terrestrial microarthropod bryofauna has been done in three different altitudes in the tropical zone of the Ungaran Mountain, Semarang, Central Java. The objective of this study is to compare community structure of bryofauna contained in three different altitudes in the tropical zone. The research was conducted from April to November 2012. Sampling was carried out at 3 stations with the different heights that are the station I with an altitude 750 m asl, the altitude of the station II with an altitude 980 m asl and the station III with an altitude of 1100 m asl. Sampling was done purposively using square plot method. Bryofauna identification was conducted in Ecology and Biosistematics Laboratory University of Diponegoro and Entomologi Laboratory of Zoology Departement Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The results shows that the tropical zone have5 classes, 16 orders and 31 suborders/family of bryofauna. Mesostigmata and Oribatida was the dominant taxa at all heights except at an altitude of 980 m asl, Oribatida was categorized as subdominant. Diversity of bryofauna at different heights shows that decreasing diversity patterns, along with the increasing altitude. In general, the distribution of bryofauna at different heights is quite spread evenly with the flattening index values â€‹â€‹betweens 0.84 to 0.94. Bryofauna taxsa richness and diversity of bryophytes at different heights in the tropical zone showed the same pattern fluctuated. Taxa group which play a role as predator are taxa that the most abundant in the tropical zone of the Ungaran Mount. Â Keywords:Bryofauna terrestrial, bryophytes, Ungaran mount, community structure

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