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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

bioma
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 25982370 DOI : -

Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education

BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.

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Articles 278 Documents

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Karakterisasi Genetik Fragmen Gen Penyandi RNA Polimerase Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) yang Menginfeksi Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone.) dari Lampung, Gresik dan Pontianak Sudjito, Yason Lukman; Handayani, Christina Retna; Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti; Budiharjo, Anto
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 16, No.1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

A massive death of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone.) due to Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) infection has occurred in Indonesia recently and still cannot be eradicated efficiently. The fast reproduction of IMNV depends on the RdRp gene that encodes for RNA polymerase. Genetic characterization of IMNV RdRp gene from Indonesia is important in order to compare with other IMNV to find out genetic variation as a base for combating this virus. IMNV-infected vannamei were taken from major aquaculture region in Indonesia (Lampung, Gresik and Pontianak). RNA polymerase coding genes (12 and 13 region) from infected vannamei were amplified using RT-PCR with appropriate primer. Amplification products were sequenced and the results were analyzed using BioEdit 7.1.3.0, ClustalW2, CLC free workbench 6.6.2. and ClustalX programs. Results showed that homology value of IMNV RdRp geneÂ from Lampung and Gresik were 98,04-9958% compared with IMNV from Brazil (Acc. No. AY570982). Amino acid analysis revealed homology value of IMNV RdRp geneÂ from LampungÂ and Gresik were 100% and 99.04% compared with IMNV from Brasil. IMNV RdRp geneÂ from Pontianak cannot be analysed due to low quality of RNA. Â Key words: vannamei, IMNV, RdRp, genetic characterization

Variasi Warna Dan Ketinggian Sticky Trap Dengan Atraktan Methyl Eugenol Sebagai Pengikat Serangga Polinator Dan Serangga Lainnya Pada Musim Bunga Pohon Jambu Air Merah Delima Tarwotjo, Udi; Hadi, Mochamad; Rahadian, Rully
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 21, No 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of color and height variation of sticky trap with methyl eugenol on Insect visitting of flowers and other insect on apple water tree in Demak. Sampling of insects was conducting in one of apple water field in Demak using sticky trap with methyl eugenol attractant . There were three different colors of sticky trap and two height variation of trap placement were used. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis. Parameters observed included the number of fruit flies in each color, height of sticky trap, and the family of insects. The results showed that the insects found consist of 5 orders and 21 families. (Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Homoptera). . Most families are found in the order Diptera (8 families), Hymenoptera (6 families), Coleoptera (3 families), and Homoptera (4 families). The Diptera family consists of Tephritidae, Culicidae, Agromyzidae, Muscidae, Asillidae, Mycetophyllide, Drosophyllidae, Bombyllidae. The conclusion of this research is that the control of inseks visitting by using bright color sticky trap (yellow and white) with methyl eugenol attractant can be used as a trap of insect vistting of Diptera and other insects in the largest number of families

Kadar Serat dan Kadar Air serta Penampakan Fisik Produk Pascapanen Daun Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) yang Ditanam pada Media dengan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Hayati Cair dan Pupuk Anorganik Winarsih, Dwi; Prihastanti, Erma; Saptiningsih, Endang
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14, No.1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) is one of vegetable commodities that has a high commercial value. Many people like it because it has a good taste and it contains several kinds of vitamin and mineral that good for health. This research aims to know the influence of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer addition to post harvest product caisim leaf and know the best combination of fertilizer for post harvest product caisim leafquality. Data analysis used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by test significant different used Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 95%. The caisim plant that have been harvested then being observed on its fiber content, water content, and physical appearance. The result showed thatthe addition of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer has not influence for water content and physical appearance of caisim leaf, but it has an influence on fiber content. Treatment with basic media with the addition of 1 mL + 2,17 g NPK is the best treatment to increase fiber content of caisim leaf Tosakan variety. Â Keywords: liquid bio organic fertilizer, caisim, quality of post harvest product

Specific Leaf Area, Jumlah Trikomata dan Kandungan Kalium Daun Semai Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Pada Kandungan Air Tanah Berbeda Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 2, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The existence of global warming caused the climate change such as the occurrence of long dry seasonsassociated with ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The climatologists predict these events will occur more oftenin the future. Cocoa plants require a relatively uniform distribution of rainfall in the year without a long dry season.The existence of drought stress can affect the rate of decline in the growth and development such as leaf expansionrate and decreased availability of nutrients in the root zone. This study aims to determine changes in specific leafarea (SLA), the number trichomes and K + content of leaves of cocoa seedlings at different soil water content. Thisstudy uses 36 cacao plants with 12-month-old were grown for two months on medium soil with soil water content of75%, 50% and 25%. Parameters observed are the SLA, the number trikomata and K+ content of leaves. The resultsshowed the age of 12 months of cocoa seedlings planted on different soil water content showed differences in SLA,trichomes and K+ content of leaves. The seedling grown optimum when planted on soil water content of 75%,whereas in 50% soil water content began to decline in growth with decreasing SLA and without leaves trichomes.The development and growth of seedlings declined sharply if planted in soil water content of 25%.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata terhadap Parasitasi dan Enkapsulasi Eriborus argenteopilosus pada Inangnya, Crocidolomia binotalis Tarwotjo, Udi -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 11, No. 2, Tahun 2009
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Pengaruh ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap parasitasi dan enkapsulasi Eriborus argenteopilosuspada Crocidolomia. binotalis telah diteliti di laboratorium Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1)toksisitas ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap C. binotalis, (2) mortalitas Eriborus argenteopilosus, (3)tingkat parasitasi dan enkapsulasi E. argenteopilosus Metode yang dipergunakan disusun berdasarkan RAL dengan 3kali ulangan data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (varians) dan perbedaan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji denganDMRT. Toksisitas ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap larva C. binotalis instar satu menyebabkankematian yang tinggi dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi dimana nilai LC50 sebesar 657,2470 mg/L, sedangkan LC90sebesar 3353,6799 mg/L Tingkat parasitasi E. argenteopilosus terhadap C. binotalis pada konsentrasi 81,1485 mg/L(LC5) ataupun 278,7482 mg/L(LC25) tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan ekstrak padakonsentrasi 278,7482 mg/L (LC25) mampu menekan tingkat enkapsulasi.

Performa Peningkatan Lemak Dan Asam Lemak Linoleat Dari Daphnia Sp. Dengan Menggunakan Fermentasi Kotoran Burung Puyuh, Roti Afkir, Dan Ampas Tahu Syaiful Anwar; Johannes Hutabarat; Vivi Endar Herawati
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 19, No. 2, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Daphnia sp. was natural feed which could adequate the needs of fish fry growth. Fats and fatty acids was main factor which very influenced the success of reproduction and live for hatched larva fish. Fats had important role as the main source. The lack of essencial fatty acid could impact the decrease of fish growth and reproduction. The purpose of this research were to found out the best treatments and the effect of fermented quail feces, bread waste, and tofu waste towards the growth, and increased fats and linoleic fatty acid from Daphnia sp.. The methods of this research was used experimental method and complete randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, with density of 100 ind./litre. The treatments which used on this research were treatment A (50% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 0% quail feces), treatment B (25% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces), treatment C (50% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces), and treatment C (25% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 50% quail feces) with total combination amount of 200 grams/litre. The data that observed were population of Daphnia sp., fatty acid value, and linoleic fatty acid value. The result of this research showed that Daphnia sp. growth population was valued 502,22 ind/ml – 1949,44 ind/ml, whereas the increasing of fat value from 6,26% became 8,15% and linoleic fatty acid from 0,91% become 6,14%. Acording to the research result could be concluded that the additition of fermented quail feces, and tofu waste gave differences towards the growth, with the fat value increased of Daphnia sp. was 1,89% and linoleic fatty acid was 5,23% and the best treatment for growth and linoleic fatty acid value was the treatment C (50% bread waste, 25% tofu waste, and 25% quail feces) and treatment A (50% bread waste, 50% tofu waste, and 0% quail feces) for the fat value of Daphnia sp.Keyword: Daphnia sp.; Fats; Linoleic Fatty Acid; Fermentation

Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang Witriyanto, Roma; Hadi, Mochamad; Rahadian, Rully
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.1, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropodsÂ in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods Â which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words :Â biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Morfologi serta Biokimia Khamir Hasil Isolasi dari Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum) yang Berpotensi menghasilkan Bioetanol Anggrayeni, Yesti Tri; Wijanarka, W; Kusdiyantini, Endang
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 21, No 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Bioethanol can be obtained from the fermentation process by using microorganisms such as yeast. One of the factors that affect height low bioethanol is a kind of yeast, and therefore the isolation and identification of yeast need to be done in order to obtain isolates potentially producing bioetanol. Yeast can be found in various environments, especially rich sugar substrate. Yeast usually living in fruits like tomatoes. This research aims to isolation and identifies yeast from tomatoes and the growth of yeast isolates at 50% glucose concentration test. The method of isolation was performed by streak method with the four scratch quadrant technique on YGP solid media. Identification of macroscopic and microscopic morphology in colonies and cell of yeast. Biochemical identification of the growth in liquid media, the fermentation of sugars test (glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose), as well as the growth of yeast,Â isolates in 50% glucose medium. Determination of bioethanol content is done by distillation process and the measured weight with a pycnometer. The result from isolation yeast on tomato fruits obtained nine isolates is Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, Y9. Based on the identification of the morphology, biochemistry, as well as the growth of yeast isolates testing on 50% glucose concentrations of selected isolates Y2 alleged genus Debaryomyces sp. and is able producing ethanol of 8.7% v/v.

Chromosomes and Mitotic Cell Division Phase In Onion Roots After 24 Hours Acetoorcein Soaking Time Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti; Lunggani, Arina Tri; Nurhakim, Muhammad Amal
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14, No. 2, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Onions (Allium cepa) are usually used in vitro to assess effect of chemical subtances by allowing developing roots to come into contact with substances to be tested. Acetic orcein staining of onion chromosomes has remained a standard method of preparation. However, aceto-orcein stain is corrosive and poisonous chemical substances since it containing oxidising agents such as organic peroxides, the toxic substances which are are cyanides, acid corrosives agents, andÂ also radioactive substances. Â This research study mitotic activity in the roots of onion plants to determine the effects of soaking time of aceto orcein dye on actively dividing root cells. A series of several root tip from each bulb was harvested were soaked in 1, 3 and 24 hours on aceto-orcein stain and processed further for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash technique. The researchÂ was carried out to study the effect of to mitotic index and chromosomal aberrationÂ onÂ onion root. It will determine the percentage of cells that are undergoing mitosis. The squash techniques were used to observe mitosis in the tip of onion root cells during actively mitotic division cells time. Mitotic divisions occur in several phases, consist of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and interphase. Experiment were repeated six times for every soaking time. The data was analyzed by using T-Test. The result showed that various duration of soaking time significantly influenced theÂ reduction of mitotic index value. The lowest mitotic indexÂ on glyphosate concentration 100 ppm i.e. 10. 73% and 7.19% for the durationÂ of soaking time 3 and 6 hours. The highest mitotic index onÂ glyphosate concentration 0 ppm i.e.Â 37.71% and 32.76% for the durationÂ of soaking time 3 and 6 hours. The result also showed that the chromosomal aberration were increased significantly. The lowestÂ chromosomal aberrationÂ obtained i.e. 2.55% and 2.96% for the duration of aceto orcein soaking time 1, 3 and 24 hours. The highest chromosomal aberration obtained i.e. 21.71% and 36.26% for the duration of soaking time 1,3 and 24 hours. The type of chromosomal aberration were abnormal prophase, stickiness, bridge, abnormal anaphase, clumping chromosome, c- metaphase,Â change of nucleousÂ shape and size. At 72h, their cytotoxic effects on the root tips showed strong growth retardation in high concentrations of all the wastewaters. Compared to the control, treatment with the wastewaters resulted in root growth inhibition with EC50 values of 35, 50 and 62% for bottling, rubber and brewery effluents respectively, and decrease in mitotic index with increasing concentration for all samples and these were statistically significant (p<0.05). Chromosomal aberrations induced in the onion root tip cells were mostly sticky chromosomes and bridges. Chromosomes with disturbed spindles and fragments were also present in appreciable amounts. Based on the EC50 values, the bottling wastewater was most toxic, followed by rubber effluent while effluents from the brewery were least toxic. The findings in this study indicate that there are toxic chemicals present in the wastewaters which are responsible for the observed genotoxic effects on the onion root tip cells. The study also reveals that the Allium test is a useful and reliable tool for the genotoxicity screening of industrial effluents which could be employed by environmental managers before these effluents are finally discharged into the environment. Â Â Key words: chromosomes, onion roots, acetoorcein

Produksi Dan Ekstraksi Inhibitor Alfa Glukosidase Dari Isolat Aktinomiset Jp-3 Pujiyanto, Sri; Ferniah, Rejeki Siti; S, Sunarno
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are compounds that can prevent the digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose, so potentially used as a diabetes drug. This study aims to examine the production and extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound from Isolate Aktinomiset JP-3 from the sea. The supernatant obtained from the culture of the JP-3 isolate was extracted using various solvents to obtain the active compound. The solvents used were chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate. An assay of inhibitor activity of the Î±-glucosidase using p-nitrophenyl Î±-D-glucopyranoside substrate. The activity of the enzyme is measured based on the absorbance of p-nitrophenol produced from the breaking reaction of the substrate. The results showed that extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound with ethyl acetate yielded extract with highest inhibitor activity.Â Keywords: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, actinomycetes, diabetes, extraction, fractionation

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