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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
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Articles 446 Documents
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Factors Affecting Infant Formula Feeding in Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Sukoharjo, Central Java Nuralita, Ayunda Yonik; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Formula feeding in Indonesia continues to increase from 15% in 2003 to 79.8% in 2013. To the best of the authors’ knowledge no studies have been done that analyzed the effects of constructs in Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on formula feeding practice. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing formula feeding practice among lactating mothers for their infants aged 0-6 months, using TPB constructs.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic observational with cross-sectional approach. It was carried out in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, from April to May 2017. A sample of 150 lactating mothers were selected for this study by cluster random sampling. The exogenous variables were the role of health workers, the role of mass media, subjective norm, and maternal education. The endogenous variables were attitudes toward formula feeding, perceived behavioral control, intention, family income, maternal employment status, and formula feeding practice. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Infant formula feeding was directly affected by maternal intention (b=1.96; 95% CI =0.59 to 3.34; p=0.005), perceived behavior control (b=2.24; 95% CI =0.79 to 3.68; p=0.002), family income (b=1.99; 95% CI =0.39 to 3.59; p=0.014), and maternal employment status (b=-2.01; 95% CI =-3.82 to -0.21; p=0.029). Mothers intention was influenced by her attitude (b=1.85; 95% CI=0.58 to 3.12; p=0.004), subjective norm (b=2.98; 95% CI =-0.07 to 6.04; p=0.056), perceived behavior control (b=1.53; 95% CI =0.44 to 2.62; p=0.006), and mass media (b=2.01; 95% CI =0.35 to 3.68; p=0.018). Maternal employment status was influenced by maternal education (b=2.68; 95% CI =1.81 to 3.55; p<0.001). Family income was affected by maternal employment status (b=2.10; 95% CI =1.24 to 2.97; p<0.001). Maternal attitude was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=2.73; 95% CI =0.68 to 4.78; p=0.009). Likewise, maternal perceived behavior control was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=1.03; 95% CI =0.22 to 1.84; p=0.013).Conclusion: Infant formula feeding is directly affected by maternal intention, perceived behavior control, family income, and maternal employment status. Infant formula feeding is indirectly affected by attitude, subjective norm, and the role of health personnel.Keywords: formula feeding, theory of planned behavior, infantCorrespondence: Ayunda Yonik Nuralita. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: ayundayonik91@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285642477205.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 270-283https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.08
Effectiveness of Pregnant Woman Class in The Prevention of Pregnancy Anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java Andriani, Yeni; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Astirin, Okid Parama
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: In developing countries 40% of maternal mortality is associated with pregnancy anemia. Pregnancy anemia has negative effect to mothers, before, during, and after delivery. The purpose of this study was determined effectiveness of pregnant woman class in the prevention of pregnancy anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Benculuk health center, Banyuwangi, East Java. A total of 100 subjects were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, consisting of 50 pregnant mothers who participated pregnant woman class and 50  who did not participate pregnant woman class. The dependent variable was pregnancy anemia. The independent variables were  participation in the pregnant woman class, maternal education, family income, food myth, and visit to obstetric gynecology specialist. Anemia was measured by spectrophotometer. Other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyze by multiple logistic regression.Results: Participation in pregnant woman class (OR=0.18; CI 95%= 0.03 to 1.21; p=0.078), maternal education ≥ senior high school (OR=0.07; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.92; p=0.043), and high family income (≥ Rp 1,599,000) (OR=0.18; CI 95%= 0.31 to 1.03; p=0.054) decreased the risk of pregnancy anemia. Myth in food restriction (OR=4.47; CI 95%=0.73 to 27.51; p=0.106) increased the risk of pregnancy anemia. There was no relationship between visit to obstetric and gynecology specialist and the risk of pregnancy anemia (OR=0.93; CI 95%=0.09 to 9.17; p=0.952).Conclusion: Participation in pregnant mother class, maternal education ≥ senior high school, and high family income (≥ Rp 1,599,000) decrease the risk of pregnancy anemia. Myth in food restriction increase the risk of pregnancy anemia. There is no relationship between visit to obstetric and gynecology specialist and the risk of pregnancy anemia.Keywords: pregnant woman class, pregnancy anemiaCorrespondence: Yeni Andriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health 2016, 1(4): 230-241https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.04
Social Development of Children Under-Five as the Impact of Extramarital Pregnancy Purbanova, Reni; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Teenagers have a great curiosity of something have never been experienced before. This characteristic  affect their sexual and dating behaviors. This eventually may lead to unwantted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexual transmitted disease (STD) infection, and even mortality. This study aimed to determine the social development of children under-five as the impact of extramarital pregnancy.Subjects and Method: This was an explorative qualitative study. It was carried out in Jaten Subdistrict, Karanganyar District, Central Java. The key informants in this study included Head of the Office of Marital Affairs, Jaten Subdistrict, Karanganyar District. Other key informants included extramarital offsprings, their parents and grandparents.Results: Couples with extramarital pregnancy experience hard life. They tend to refuse the extramarital pregnancy and atempt to abort it. This situation affects parenting pattern. Social support system had an important role in parenting pattern. Couples lacking in social support system were not able to nurture the offsprings optimally. The offsprings received minimal stimuli required for the social development. In effect, their offsprings became shy and fearful.Conclusion: Social support system has an important role in parenting pattern. It is required for the extramarital couples to raise their offsprings normally.Keywords: extramarital pregnancy, offsprings, social development, parenting patternCorrespondence: Reni Purbanova. Academy of Nursing 17, Karanganyar, Central Java. Email: purbanovareni1983@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285658076583Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 214-222https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.03
Effect of Massage on Sleep Quality and Motor Development in Infant Aged 3-6 Months Kusumastuti, Nurry Ayuningtyas; Tamtomo, Didik; Salimo, Harsono
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: In theory, infant massage is beneficial for improving sleep quality, gross and fine motor development. Infants aged 3-6 months are able to receive stimulation that may help develop gross and fine motor development. Massage may improve brain function and raise the release of growth hormone, and strengthen muscle. This study aimed to determine of the effect of massage on sleep quality, gross and fine motor development among infant aged 3-6 months.Subject and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial, conducted in Magelang, Central Java, from 1 August to 16 September 2016. A total of 60 infants in Azza Momby Spa, Magelang was selected for this study by simple random sampling. This sample was then allocated at random into massage group (n1=30) and control group (n2=30). The independent variable was infant massage. The dependent variables were sleep quality, gross and fine motor development. The data was collected by using questionnaire. The difference of dependent variables between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney.Results: After intervention, infants in the massage group (median=2.00; SD=1.80) slept better than the control group (median=0.00; SD=0.95), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Infants in the massage group (median=0.00; SD=0.81) had better gross motor development than the control group (median=0.00; SD=0.72), and it was statistically significant (p=0.043). Infants in the massage group (median=0.00; SD=0.81) had better fine motor development than in the control group (median=0.00; SD=0.48), and it was statistically significant (p=0.018).Conclusion: Massage is effective to improve sleep quality, gross and fine motor development, in infants aged 3-6 months.Keywords: massage, sleep quality, gross and fine motor development, infantCorrespondence: Nurry Ayuningtyas Kusumastuti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: nurry0067@yahoo.com.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(3):161-169https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.03
The Effect of Parenting Style, Bilingual School, Social Environment, on Speech and Language Development in Preschool Children in Surakarta, Central Java Wijayanti, Arum; Wekadigunawan, CSP; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Childhood speech and language development is considered an important predictor of their future achievement. This study aimed to analyze the effect of parenting style, bilingual school, social environment, on speech and language development in preschool children in Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 25 preschools in Surakarta, Central Java, from February March 2018. A sample of 200 preschool children was selected by simple random sampling from 25 preschools selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was speech and language develop-ment. The independent variables were sex, nutritional status, parental education, parenting style, family income, bilingual school, and social environment. The data of speech and language development were measured by pre-screening development questionnaire. Other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression using Stata 13.Results: Speech and language development increased with age (b= 2.03; 95% CI= 0.38 to 3.68; p= 0.016), nutritional status (b= 2.44; 95% CI= 0.38 to 4.08; p= 0.003), maternal education (b= 1.50; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.86; p= 0.031), democratic parenting style (b= 2.76; 95% CI= 1.16 to 4.08; p<0.001), family income (b= 1.69; 95% CI= 0.15 to 3.23; p= 0.031), bilingual school(b= -4.46; CI= -6.53 to -2.39; p= 0.001), and social environment (b= 1.80; 95% CI= 0.10 to 3.50; p= 0.038). Intra-class correlation= 28.06% indicating considerable contextual effect of preschool. Conclusion: Speech and language development increases with age, nutritional status, maternal education, parenting style, family income, bilingual school, and social environment.Keywords: speech and language development, parenting style, bilingual school, pre-school childrenCorrespondence:Arum Wijayanti. Program Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Email: arumwijayanti.rf@gmail.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(3): 184-196https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.03
The Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Anxiety and Depression in Kudus, Central Java Yulianti, Ika; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Sudiyanto, Aris
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

 Background: Anxiety and depression in pregnancy can lead to low fetal quality, increased risk of pregnancy complication and developmental disorder of the child. Antidepressant treatment may cause recurrence or addiction rate of up to 50%. In theory, yoga can relieve undesirable psychic symptoms such as anxiety and depression during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety and depression.Subjects and Method: This study was a randomized controlled trial, conducted at Budi Luhur clinic in Kudus, Central Java, from 27 December 2017 to 7 February 2018. A total of 102 pregnant women was selected for this study by simple random sampling. This sample was allocated at random into the intervention group (n1=51) and control group (n2=51). The independent variable was prenatal yoga as the intervention under study. The dependent variables were anxiety and depression. The data were collected by questionnaire. The difference in the dependent variables between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean level of anxiety was lower in the intervention group than the control group both at two weeks after the intervention (b= -9.25; 95% CI= -10.22 to -8.28; p< 0.001) and four weeks after the intervention (b= -5.79; 95% CI= -7.68 to -3.90; p< 0.001). The mean level of depression was lower in the intervention group than the control group both at two weeks after the intervention (b= -10.82; 95% CI= -12.29 to -9.35; p< 0.001) and four weeks after the intervention (b= -2.58; 95% CI= -3.98 to -1.18; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Prenatal yoga intervention can reduce anxiety and depression during pregnancy.Keywords: prenatal yoga, anxiety, depressionCorrespondence: Ika Yulianti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ikatamaevan@gmail.com. Mobile: +628115440036.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 100-104https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.02 
The Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptives on Sexual Function among Women of Reproductive Age in Jombang District, East Java Fatmawati, Zeny; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Sexuality is an important and inseparable part of a womans life. Mood and sexual related side-effects are frequently expressed problems by women of reproductive age who use hormonal contraceptives. This study aimed to analyze the effect of combined oral contraceptives on sexual function among women of reproductive age in Jombang District, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 5 community health centers (Mojoagung, Mojowarno, Jogoloyo, Jelak Ombo and Perak), Jombang District, East Java, from February to March 2017. A sample 120 women of reproductive age who use combined oral contraceptives was selected for this study. The dependent variable was female sexual function. The independent variables were combined oral  contraceptives use, age, parity, menstrual cycle, depression, and body mass index. The data on depression was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Body mass index was measured by anthropometry. Female sexual function was measured by female sexual function index. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Female sexual function was negatively influenced by age (b=-0.21; SE = 0.05; p<0.001), depression (b= -0.44; SE=0.12; p<0.001), body mass index (b=-0.16; SE= 0.09; p=0.063), and duration of oral contraceptive use (b=-0.20; SE=0.13; p=0.121). Depression was influenced by body mass index (b=0.14; SE=0.07; p=0.037), duration of oral contraceptive use (b=0.30; SE= 0.10; p=0.003), and age (b=0.09; SE=0.04; p=0.018). Body mass index was influenced by age (b= 0.10; SE=0.05; p=0.036), and duration of oral contraceptive use (b= 0.48, SE = 0.13; p<0.001). Menstrual cycle was influenced by duration of oral contraceptive use (b =-0.05, SE=0.13, p=0.007), age (b=-0.02; SE=0.01; p=0.002), and body mass index (b=-0.05; SE=0.11; p<0.001).Conclusion: Female sexual function is negatively influenced by age, depression, body mass index, and duration of oral contraceptive use.Keywords: bio-psychology factor, oral contraceptive, female sexual functionCorrespondence: Zeny Fatmawati. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: searcheng09@gmail.com. Mobile: +082230313559.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 100-112https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.02
Maternal, Obstetric, and Infant Factors and Their Associatio with the Risk of HIV Infection in Infants at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Rahmawati, Deni Nur Fauzia; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Hanim, Diffah
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Incidence of HIV infection by mother to child transmission has been increasing for the past few years. This study aimed to determine the association between maternal, obstetric, infant factors, and the risk of HIV infection in infant.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 68 study subjects, consisting of 34 HIV infected infants, and 34 non HIV infected infants, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HIV infection. The independent variable included maternal nutrirional status, opportunistic infection, antenatal care, type of labor, birth weight, and prematurity. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression model.Results: Maternal HIV opportunistic infection (OR= 10.09; 95% CI= 1.99 to 51.20; p=0.005) and pervaginam labor (OR=5.21; 95% CI=0.92 to 29.58; p=0.063) increase the risk of HIV infection in infant, and they were statistically significant. Maternal body weight (BMI<18.5)(OR=2.71; 95% CI=0.44 to 16.53; p=0.280), antenatal care <4 times (OR=1.94; 95% CI= 0.42 to 9.00; p=0.395), birth weight <2.500 gram (OR=1.09; 95%CI=0.19 to 6.05;p=0.924) and prematurity (OR= 1.65; 95% CI=0.36 to 7.61; p=0.523), each increased the risk of HIV infection but statistically non-significant.Conclusion: Maternal HIV opportunistic infection and pervaginam labor are strong and significant predictors for the risk of infant HIV infection. Health personnel should pay special attention on these significant risk factors when assisting birth delivery, in order to prevent HIV infection in infants.Keywords: maternal, obstetric, infant risk factors, HIV infection.Correspondences: Deni Nur Fauzia Rahmawati. Masters of Public  Health Program, Sebelas Maret University. Email: denierahmawati@gmail.comJournal Maternal  and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 73-82https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.02
Effect of Nurturing at Child Care Center on Gross and Fine Motoric, Language and Social Development in Children Aged Under Five Years in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran Putri, Risma Aliviani; Murti, Bhisma; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Child development is influenced by several factors including parenting style, active learning, and physical need fulfillment. It is generally recommended that nurturing is provided by parents, namely parenting. Because of some constraints, however, some parents are not able to nurture. Child care center (Taman Pengasuhan Anak) is an alternative way of child nurturing. This study aimed to analize the effect of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development at child care center.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran, Central Java. A sample of 138 children under five years old with their mothers was selected by fixed exposured sampling for this study. The exogenous variables included parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment. The endogenous variable was child development, including gross and fine motoric development, language and social development. The parenting style was measured by questionnaire. An observation sheet was used to observe and document child’s active learning at child care center. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to measure child development. The data was analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Fulfillment of need had positive effect on child development, and it was marginally significant (b= 1.38; 95% CI= -0.15 to 2.91; p=0.077). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to learn actively than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.11; p=0.025). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to fulfill their need than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.16; 95% CI= 0.002 to 2.33; p=0.050). Children who actively learned were more able to fulfill their need than those who did not actively learn, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.81; 95% CI=  0.61 to 3.01; p=0.003).Conclusion: There are effects of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on child development, including gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development.Keywords: parenting style, active learning, need fulfillment, child, developmentCorrespondence: Risma Aliviani Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: putririendera@gmail.com. Mobile: 085695222676.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.01
The Contextual Effect of Social Norm on Early Marriage Among Young Women in Lampung: A Multilevel Analysis Evidence Agtikasari, Nurhayati; Soemanto, RB.; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Early marriageis driven by poverty and has manyeffectson girls' health: increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases, cervical cancer, malaria, death during childbirth, and obstetric fistulas. Girls' offspring are at increased risk for premature birth and death as neonates, infants, or children. This study aimed to investigate the contextual effect of social norm on early marriage among young women in Lampung, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Metro, East Lampung, Indonesia, from May to June 2018. A sample of 200 women was selected by random sampling, comprising 50 women who got married at under 21 years of age and 150 women who got married at ?21 years of age. The dependent variable was early marriage. The dependent variables were self efficacy, family income, family support, informational access at level 1 in multilevel analysis. Social norm were placed at level 2 in multilevel analysis. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel analysis.Results: Marital age was postpone by self-efficacy (b= -1.93; 95% CI= -2.81 to -1.05 ; p<0.001), high family income (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -2.07 to -0.33; p=0.007), strong family support (b= -1.27; 95% CI= -2.35 to -0.19; p= 0.021), and access to positive information (b= -1.06; 95% CI= -2.08 to -0.04; p=0.042). Social norm had a contextual effect on marital age postponement with ICC= 14.56%.Conclusion:Marital age is reduced by strong self-efficacy, high family income, strong family support, and access to positive information. Social norm has a contextual effect on marital age postponement.Keywords: marital age postponement, self-efficacy, family income, family support, access to positive information, social normCorrespondence:Nurhayati Agtikasari. Masters Program in Public Heath, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agtikasari2@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282185965148.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(1): 1-8https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.01.01

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