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JURNAL SELULOSA
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Core Subject : Education,
Jurnal Selulosa (JSel) is a journal that provides scientific information resources aimed at researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. Jurnal Selulosa publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on cellulose, cellulose derivatives, pulp technology, paper technology, environment, biorefinery and other related topics. Formerly known as Berita Selulosa, and the first publication was in 1965. Since 2011, the journal renamed to Jurnal Selulosa.
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Articles 202 Documents
Pati Termodifikasi Enzim Sebagai Aditif Proses Pembuatan Kertas Jenni Rismijana; Nina Elyani; Sari Farah Dina
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 39, No 2 (2004): Berita Selulosa
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Pati modifikasi diperoleh dengan mereaksikan pati tapioka dan enzim lokal α-amilase selama 20 menit pada variasi temperatur 65⁰C – 80⁰C. Variasi penambahan enzim 0,04 % - 0,1% terhadap berat kering tapioka. Selanjutnya pati enzim yang diperoleh pada kondisi optimum diaplikasikan sebagai aditif pada proses pembuatan kertas secara asam dan alkali dengan pembanding pati tapioka dan pati kationik.Hasil percobaan modifikasi pati diperoleh pati enzim yang optimum pada kondisi enzim 0,04% dan temperatur 70⁰C. Hasil aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 1% pati modifikasi pada proses alkali mampu meningkatkan ketahanan sobek melebihi ke dua pembanding tersebut. Sementara itu nilai retensi awal (FPR) dan ketahanan tariknya lebih tinggi dari pati tapioka tetapi lebih rendah dari pati kationik. Sifat-sifat lainnya seperti laju drainase dan penetrasi cairan (Cobb60) lebih baik pada proses alkali, sedangkan sifat optiknya lebih baik pada proses asam.Kata kunci : aditif kertas, enzim, pati modifikasi, pembuatan kertas ENZYME MODIFIED STARCH FOR PAPERMAKING ADDITIVEAbstractModified starch is got by reaction of tapioca starch and local α-amylase enzyme, for 20 minutes at 65⁰C – 80⁰C temperature. α-amylase enzyme is varied 0,04% - 0,1% based on dry weight tapioca. The next step, the best enzyme modified-starch is applied into the acid and alkaline papermaking as additive along with tapioca starch and cationic starch as references.The results showed the optimum condition is achived at 0,04% enzyme and 70⁰C temperature. The addition of 1% modified starch to alkaline process increase tearing strength more than the references. At the same time the FPR value and tensile strength higher than tapioca starch but lower than cationic starch. The other properties such as drainage aid and water penetration is better in alkaline process, but optical properties better in conventional process.Key words : paper additive, enzyme, modified starch, papermaking.
STUDI AWAL SINTESA CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE-GRAFTPOLY(ACRYLIC ACID)/MONMORILONIT SUPERABSORBEN POLIMER HIDRO GEL KOMPOSIT MELALUI PROSES KOPOLIMERISASI CANGKOK (PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSEGRAFT-POLY(ACRYLIC ACID)/MONTMORILLONITE SUPERABSORBEN COMPOSITES HYDRO GEL POLYMER BY GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION) Lik Anah; Nuri Astrini; Asep Nurhikmat; Agus Haryono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 45, No 01 (2010): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

A carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPCs) or hydro gel was prepared by graft-copolymerization among carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylic acid (AA), and montmorillonite (MMT) in aqueous solution. In this research, factors influencing water absorbency or swelling ratio of the hydro gel such as reaction of temperature, concentration of benzoylperoxide (BPO) initiator and concentration of methyl bisacrylamide crosslinker (MBA) were studied. As fixed variable were used time of reaction is five hours and speed of mechanic agitation is 300 rpm. Hydro gel acquired the highest equilibrium water absorbency of 126.56 g/g when ratio of AA to CMC is 10 : 1; 2.5 wt% BPO; 3.75 wt% MBA; and 10 wt% MMT was incorporated. In this experiment the hydro gel PAA Absorb commercial was used as standard that has equilibrium water absorbency of 123 g/g. The graft-copolymerization reaction mechanism, morphology, and thermal stability of the composites were also investigated by FTIR, SEM, and TGA, respectively. FTIR spectra showed –OH of CMC participated in graft polymerization with AA. The introduced CMC and MMT endowed the composite a higher thermal stability.Keywords : CMC-g-poly(AA)/MMT, superabsorbent polymer composites, hydro gel, BPO, MBA INTISARIMaterial superabsorben polimer komposit (SAPCs) atau hidro gel karboksimetil selulosa – cangkok - asam poliakrilat / monmorilonit dipersiapkan melalui proses graft-kopolimerosasi antara karboksimetil selulosa, asam akrilat (AA), dan monmorilonit (MMT) dalam larutan encer. Dalam penelitian ini telah dipelajari faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan hidro gel dalam menyerap air seperti suhu reaksi, konsentrasi inisiator benzoil peroksida (BPO), dan konsentrasi pengikat silang metil bisakrilamida (MBA). Variabel tetap yang digunakan adalah waktu reaksi 5 jam dan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm. Hidro gel hasil penelitian memberikan serapan air atau swelling ratio tertinggi 126,56 g H2O/g hidro gel pada kondisi operasi yaitu rasio AA terhadap CMC adalah 10 : 1, konsentrasi BPO 2,5% w/w, MBA 3,75% w/w, dan MMT 10% w/w. Hidro gel PAA Absorb komersial digunakan sebagai standar dengan kesetimbangan penyerapan air123 g/g. Mekanisme reaksi kopolimerisasi cangkok, morfologi, dan kestabilan panas dari SAPCs dipelajari melalui analisa FTIR, SEM, dan TGA. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsional –OH dari CMC berperan aktif dengan AA. Penggunaan CMC dan MMT dalam proses kopolimerisasi cangkok telah memberikan kestabilan panas yang lebih tinggi pada material hidro gel.Kata kunci : CMC-g-poli(AA)/MMT, superabsorben polimer komposit, hidro gel, BPO, MBA
Sari Pustaka Hendro Risdianto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 01 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

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SINTESIS PARTIKEL NANO BARIUM TITANAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROSES PREKURSOR DENGAN PULP MERANG SEBAGAI TEMPLAT Bambang Sunendar P; Mery Agustina; Arie Wibowo; Evi Oktavia
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 45, No 02 (2010): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) with perovskite tetragonal crystal structure is known as ferroelectric materials. Recently, this material is widely used in electronic industry such as sensor, transducer, infrared detector and Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) because barium titanate is more environmental friendly, the T curie of barium titanate is lower than the other dielectric materials and it has a high dielectric constant. Nanoparticle size of barium titanate is needed to improve the it’s performance. Conventional method of material synthesizing usually produces impurities from ball milling process and the particle size of material is not in nano size. This experiment, we synthesize barium titanate using precursor process method with pulp of rice straw (Oryza sativa) as a template. Variation in calcination temperature (700°C, 900°C, 1100°C) and precursor concentration (0.1 M and 0.07 M) was conducted to get information about the influence of calcination temperature and precursor concentration to the cristallinity and particle size of barium titanate. XRD result showed that barium titanante was already formed in 700ºC calcination temperature and has its optimum temperature on 900ºC. As the concequence of rising of calcination temperature, cristallinity of sample was increased. SEM images showed that particle size of sample was already in nano size. Meanwhile, as the result of decreasing of precursor concentration, the particle size of sample was decreased. Key words : barium titanate, nano particle, pulp Oryza sativa, precursor process method  INTISARIBarium titanat (BaTiO3) dengan struktur kristal perovskite tetragonal telah dikenal bersifat material ferroelektrik. Material ini telah banyak digunakan dalam aplikasi di bidang elektronik seperti sensor, transducers, infrared detector dan multi layer ceramic capacitor (MLCCs). Hal ini dikarenakan barium titanat lebih ramah lingkungan, memiliki T curie yang lebih rendah daripada material dielektrik lain, dan memiliki konstanta dielektrik yang tinggi. Partikel barium titanat yang berukuran nano diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Metode konvensional dalam memproses material seringkali menimbulkan pengotor yang berasal dari proses ball milling serta ukuran partikel yang didapatkan belum mencapai nano. Dalam penelitian ini, partikel titanat berukuran nano partikel disintesis dengan menggunakan metode proses prekursor dengan pulp merang (Oryza sativa) sebagai template. Variasi suhu kalsinasi (700°C, 900°C, 1100°C) dan konsentrasi prekursor (0,1 M dan 0,07 M) dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dan konsentrasi prekursor terhadap kristalinitas dan ukuran partikel barium titanat. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu kalsinasi 700ºC barium titanat telah terbentuk dan temperatur optimum pada 900ºC. Seiring dengan peningkatan suhu kalsinasi, kristalinitas barium titanat juga meningkat. Hasil SEM menunjukkan serbuk barium titanat hasil sintesis telah berukuran nano. Dengan menurunkan konsentrasi prekursor menjadi 0,07 M, didapatkan serbuk barium titanat yang lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan serbuk yang disintesis menggunakan konsentrasi prekursor 0,1 M.Kata kunci : barium titanat, nano partikel, pulp Oryza sativa, metode proses prekursor
SIFAT KAYU TARIK, TERAS DAN GUBAL Acacia mangium TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PULP Wawan Kartiwa Haroen; Fahmi Dimyati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 01 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Acacia mangium is  fast growing  species  at  HTI  plantation   utilize  wood   and  fiber  for raws material  pulp.  Acacia  mangium have a characterized  heart wood among  45 - 75%  with  dark  colour  and  sapwood  less than 30%  with light colour. The  growth of   Acacia mangium  which grow abnormal  effect of  environment  or genetic. The growth of some  wood  sometimes   unnormally  like tension wood   effect of growing  or  genetic factor will build tension wood. The effect of  it’s wood  can be new problem on  pulp making  and  pulp quality.   Research activity  have been  done on pulping sulfate process used 17% Active alkali,  25%  sulfidity  and temperature 165 oC  for 3,5 hours. The result shows  indicate that a  difference for  each sapwood, heartwood and tension wood to fiber  morphology, chemical  contents,  pulp  yield,  Kappa number  and  quality  bleached pulp  and  unbleached pulp. The general result that is sapwood can be produce of pulp quality better than pulp from hearthwood  or  tension wood.   INTISARI  Acacia mangium Wild merupakan tanaman tumbuh cepat yang ditanam di kawasan hutan industri (HTI)   untuk  memenuhi kebutuhan  kayu  dan  serat sebagai bahan baku pulp.  Acacia mangium memiliki ciri khas yaitu kayu terasnya mencapai  45 – 75%  berwarna gelap  dan  sekitar 30%  kayu gubal  berwarna cerah. Sebagian tanaman Acacia mangium   ada yang tumbuh tidak normal akibat  lingkungan dan sifat genetisnya  akan membentuk kayu tarik. Akibat dari pertumbuhan kayu tersebut diprediksi dapat menimbulkan masalah pada  pembuatan dan kualitas pulpnya  bila dibandingkan  dengan  pulp dari kayu  normal.Penelitian  telah dilakukan  pada  proses pembuatan pulp sulfat menggunakan Alkali Aktif (AA) 17 %, Sulfiditas(S)  25% dan suhu pemasakan (T)  165o selama 3,5 jam. Hasilnya menunjukkan  perbedaan pada masing-masing kayu teras, kayu gubal dan kayu tarik  terhadap sifat morfologi serat, kandungan  kimia, rendemen pulp, bilangan Kappa, kualitas  pulp belum putih dan pulp putih. Secara umum  kayu gubal menghasilkan kualitas pulp lebih baik dibandingkan kayu teras maupun tarik.
PEMBENTUKAN LUMPUR GRANUL DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PEMUTIHAN PULP DENGAN REAKTOR UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Kristaufan Joko Pramono; Rina Susilowati Soetopo
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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UASB reactor is not used yet by pulp and paper industries in Indonesia in treating their wastewater caused by granular sludge must be imported and needs high skill in the operation. To anticipate the more stringent of effluent standard and implementation of Adsorbale Organic halide (AOX) as a key parameter, UASB reactor has a good prospect to be used in treating of pulp and paper wastewater.In the beginning of experiment, UASB reactor was operated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and OLR of 0.10 – 0.23 kgCOD/m3.day for 141 days. UASB reactor was then operated with the HRT of 19 hrs and OLR of 0.80 – 3.25 kgCOD/m3.day for 287 days. Since day 288th, UASB reactor was operated in the HRT of 12 hrs and OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day.In this condition, micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Concentration of parameters such as COD, BOD, TSS, pH, and Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX) were analyzed. Sludge characteristic was tested and observed by Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM and S4E and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Settling rate of granular sludge was also measured.The result showed  that on the HRT of 12 hrs and the OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day with the up-flow velocity of 0,16 m/hr, treatment system by UASB reactor could reduce COD of 34.23 – 90.28% (average of 67.41%) and AOX of 59.65 – 70.12% (average of 67.93%). The addition of micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L had significant effect to the growth of microorganism and the granular sludge formation.  The formed granular sludge had black-brownies color, VSS/SS ratio of 0.72, diameter up to 2 mm, specific gravity (sg) of 1.12, and high settling rate of 54.6 m/hr. Bacterial population content of the granular sludge consist of filament bacteria (Methanotric sp.) with the diameter of 1 – 2.94 µm and coccus bacteria (Methanosarcina) with the diameter of 2 - 29 µm. This is very useful and has a role in the sludge granulation and the reduction of organic compounds. INTISARI Sampai saat ini industri pulp dan kertas di Indonesia belum ada yang menggunakan reaktor UASB dalam pengolahan air limbahnya, karena lumpur granul masih harus diimpor dan diperlukan ketrampilan tinggi dalam mengoperasikannya. Untuk mengantisipasi baku mutu buangan air limbah yang semakin ketat dan penerapan Adsorbable Organic Halide (AOX) sebagai parameter kunci, reaktor UASB mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas.Pada permulaan percobaan reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari dengan beban organik sekitar 0,10 – 0,23 kgCOD/m3.hari selama 141 hari. Setelah itu reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal  19 jam  dan  beban organik antara 0,80 – 3,25 kgCOD/m3.hari sampai hari 287. Sejak hari 288, reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari. Pada kondisi tersebut ke dalam umpan reaktor UASB ditambahkan larutan mikronutrisi untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan lumpur granul sebanyak 1 mL/L. Kadar  parameter COD, BOD, TSS, pH, dan Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX)  influen dan effluen dianalisa. Karakteristik lumpur diamati dan diuji menggunakan Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM dan S4E dan Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Kecepatan pengendapan lumpur granul juga diukur.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari  dengan up-flow velocity = 0,16 m/jam, sistem pengolahan dengan reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD = 34,23% – 90,28% (rata-rata = 67,41%) dan AOX = 59,65% – 70,12% (rata-rata = 67,93%). Penambahan larutan mikronutrisi sebanyak 1 mL/L mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam pertumbuhan mikrorganisme dan pembentukan lumpur granul. Lumpur granul yang terbentuk  berwarna hitam kecoklatan, memiliki VSS/SS = 0,72,  dengan diameter mencapai 2 mm, dengan nilai specific gravity (sg) 1,12  dan memiliki kecepatan pengendapan tinggi mencapai 54,6 m/jam. Populasi bakteri pada lumpur granul diantaranya terkomposisi dari bakteri filament (Methanotric sp.) berdiameter antara 1 – 2,94 µm dan coccus (Methanosarcina) berdiameter antara 2 - 29 µm yang sangat berperan pada granulasi lumpur dan reduksi senyawa organik.
Optimasi Kualitas Kertas Sack Kraft dari Bahan Baku Pulp Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) Sari Farah Dina; Taufan Hidayat; Lies Indriati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 39, No 2 (2004): Berita Selulosa
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Penelitian optimasi kualitas kertas sack kraft untuk kantong semen dari tandan kosong sawit (TKS) telah dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Pulp TKS dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pensubstitusi, sedangkan pulp Pinus radiata sebagai serat utama dalam proses pembuatan kertasnya. Kedua bahan tersebut dicampur dengan komposisi yang berbeda-beda. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pulp TKS dapat memberikan nilai tambah terhadap peningkatan daya serap energi (TEA) yang merupakan parameter penting bagi kertas sack kraft. Penambahan pulp TKS maksimal 20% dapat menghasilkan kertas dengan ketahanan tarik, daya regang, TEA, ketahanan sobek, ketahanan retak dan porositas yang optimal.Kata kunci : sack kraft, TKS, Pinus radiata, sifat kertas. THE OPTIMATION OF SACK KRAFT PAPER QUALITY FROM OIL PALM EMPTYFRUIT BUNCHES PULP ABSTRACTThe experiment on the optimation of sack kraft paper quality from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has been done in laboratory scale. The OPEFB pulp has been utilized as fiber substitution whereas that of Pinus radiata has been used as main fiber component in sack kraft handsheet-making. Both pulp have been mixed in different composition The result shows that the OPEFB pulp can improve tensile energy absorption (TEA) of sheet which is significant parameter for the sack kraft paper. The addition of OPEFB pulp up to 20% results sack kraft paper with optimum properties of tensile strength, stretch, TEA, tear resistance, bursting strength, and porosity. Keywords : sack kraft, TKS, Pinus radiata, paper properties. 
SISTEM PEMBERSIHAN STOK MULTI TAHAP UNTUK PENGHILANGAN PITCH DARI PULP KAYUDAUN (THE MULTISTAGE CLEANING SYSTEM REMOVAL FOR HARDWOOD PULP PITCH) Lies Indriati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 45, No 01 (2010): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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The most common problem found in the use of hardwood pulps as paper raw material is pitch problems which will affect the paper machine runnability and the quality of paper produced. One of treatment to overcome those pitch problems is done by removing as much as possible extractives content of pulp used in the stock preparation process. A multistage cleaning system consisted of screens and a series of cleaners, is applied to remove contaminants including extractives of hardwood pulp which is used as 100% paper raw material. The eficiency of cleaning system on pitch removal of Mixed Tropical Hardwood (MTH) and Acacia mangium pulps were 95-99% and 85-97% respectively. Keywords : pitch problem, extractives, mixed tropical hardwood, MTH, Acacia mangium, cleaning system, dirtINTISARIPermasalahan yang umum terjadi pada penggunaan pulp kayudaun sebagai bahan baku kertas adalah permasalahan pitch yang dapat mempengaruhi kelancaran jalannya proses produksi pada mesin kertas dan kualitas kertas yang dihasilkan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan pitch ini adalah dengan menghilangkan semaksimal mungkin kandungan ekstraktif pulp yang digunakan pada proses penyiapan stok. Suatu sistem pembersihan multi tahap yang terdiri dari screen dan serangkaian cleaner digunakan untuk menghilangkan kontaminan termasuk senyawa ekstraktif dari pulp kayudaun yang digunakan sebagai 100% bahan baku kertas. Sistem pembersihan ini mampu menghilangkan kandungan pitch pada pulp kayudaun tropis campuran (Mixed Tropical Hardwood atau MTH) dan pulp Acacia mangium berturut-turut 95-99% dan 85-97%.Kata kunci : masalah pitch, ekstraktif, kayudaun tropis campuran, Acacia mangium, sistempembersihan, noda 
PENJELIDIKAN MENGENAI TJARA PENJIMPANAN KAJU KARET (Hevea brasiliensis MA) Balai Rayon dan Selulosa
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 1, No 1 (1965): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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The effect of storage of Hevea brasiliensis MA upon the chemical composition of the wood and the pulp was studied. In this experimenc, the cooking and bleaching conditions were kept constant, but the method of srorage was varied.The growth of blue staining fungi dur"ing srorage was also studied.Logs stored under roof cr in the open air were severely attacked by staining fungi, especially when barked. Storage of the logs under warer or under continuous water spraying markedly inhibited the growth of this fungi.Six month storage showed no clear trend of change in the chemical composition of the wood or the yield of cooking, but the chipping rendement decreased with storage time. The pentosan content and the permanganate number of the unbleached pulp decreased also withstorage time. Especially when stored under water, the permanganate numbers were low.The severe attack of blue stain, resulted in pulp with small black spots and this caused difficulties in the bleaching process.Preliminary investigation upon the suitability of Hevea pulp for rayon making was promising.
Preface: JS Vol. 6 (1), 2016 Jurnal Selulosa
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 6, No 01 (2016): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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