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Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 14112272     EISSN : 24076899     DOI : 10.17510
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Social Sciences
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia is a scholarly journal accredited by Decree of the Directorate General of Research Reinforcement and Development, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 60/E/KPT/2016, 13 November 2016. This journal of the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, is a medium for scholarly discussion, description, and surveys concerning literature, linguistics, archaeology, history, philosophy, library and information studies, religion, art, and interdisciplinary studies. The journal is published twice a year.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II" : 10 Documents clear
Indonesian discourse particles in conversations and written text Karàj, David-M.
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.909

Abstract

The aim of the present article is to analyse the four most frequent Colloquial Indonesian discourse particles (lho, kok, sih, and dong) and to compare their occurrences in both spontaneous spoken conversations and written texts (articles from an online youth magazine). The latter method is uncommon, as most studies on Indonesian discourse particles focus exclusively on spoken data. My motivation for choosing the term “discourse particles” (instead of, for example, pragmatic particles) is explained and a new language-specific definition of the phenomenon is proposed. First, the particles’ meanings as given in various dictionaries are presented, followed by examples from spontaneous conversations. Next, examples from written texts are given, followed by an analysis of possible differences and similarities in meaning. Finally, the possible meanings of the particles are exemplified through sample sentences using semantic explication. By conclusion, I attempt to answer the question of whether the discourse particles in Colloquial Indonesian can be considered as a separate word class.
Dressed, undressed, or both; The case of Ewaw in Southeast Maluku Engelenhoven, Aone van
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1039

Abstract

This article discusses complexity and simplification in Ewaw (also known as Kei or Keiese), an Austronesian language in Southeast Maluku. Section 1 provides an introduction to the genetics, spelling, and phonology of this language, which is related to the Austronesian languages of Timor. There are two main dialects which subdivide into two variants each. Section 2 provides an overview of the productive inflection in Ewaw and its derivational morphology, of which only reduplication is still productive. It has two noun classes and four verb classes, seventeen derivational prefixes and four derivational suffixes. Section 3 is a sketch of Ewaw syntax and deixis. It has twenty-four adverbial markers to encode direction and manner, which can all be analysed as serial verb constructions. Section 4 compares Ewaw grammar to languages in the region. Whereas Ewaw’s petrified morphology is more complex than in any other language in the region, it now has the simplest morphology. Section 5 concludes that Ewaw’s simplification without “shedding” its morphology is problematic.
Preserving and empowering local languages amidst the Covid-19 pandemic; Lessons from East Kalimantan Lauder, Allan F.; Lauder, Multamia RMT; Kiftiawati, Kiftiawati
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1006

Abstract

 This article brings together two ostensibly separate subjects: language empowerment and the Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that knowledge of local languages can help disseminate health-related information on a regional level. This addresses two problems simultaneously: the problems raised by the intelligibilty of governmental healthcare protocols and the functions of the use of local languages. The article is a case study presenting a number of interventions in the languages of East Kalimantan and can be seen as an inclusive, grassroots example of health communication. The study was initially a modest attempt to generate on-the-ground examples of health information in the dominant languages of the region of East Kalimantan. These studies demonstrate that the local communities of these languages are very enthusiastic about getting involved in the interventions. They also reveal that communication using IT and social media is thriving.One of our observations was that information about this pandemic tends to be understood only by highly educated urban people. This happens because it is conveyed by the government in standard Indonesian, which includes many foreign loanwords. The application of local languages is not just using local language vocabulary, it is instead a trigger to revive the collective memory of disaster management based on local culture. In this case, local languages are recognized and considered useful in helping to break the chain of virus transmission to free Indonesia of the Covid-19 outbreak. There were a number of unexpected developments. We found support for the intervention being rolled out on a national level by Special Task Force for Covid-19 under National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB). We also welcomed the online publication by the National Agency for Language Development and Cultivation (Badan Bahasa) of the Handbook for managing behavior about health protocols in seventy-seven local languages. The main thrust of this article should therefore be of interest to anyone working to empower local languages and language vitality.
A Grammar of Dhao; An endangered Austronesian language in Eastern Indonesia Balukh, Jermy
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1005

Abstract

Practicalities of language data collection and management in and around Indonesia Klamer, Marian; Edwards, Owen; Fricke, Hanna; Gialitaki, Zoi; Moro, Francesca; Palmér, Axel; Saad, George; Sulistyono, Yunus; Visser, Eline; Wu, Jiang
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.930

Abstract

Researchers use different approaches when collecting and managing primary language materials during fieldwork. Yet it is important that this work is done in a transparent way, so that it can be used by other researchers, who might have other aims, as well as by the speaker community who might want to use or take note of the collected materials. In this article we use our research experience in language data collection in and around Indonesia in fieldwork projects of three kinds: descriptive fieldwork, linguistic surveys, and projects investigating language contact. Our aim is to provide an introductory and practical guide for students and professionals who are embarking on fieldwork in or around Indonesia. Describing practical methods of language data collection, processing, and management, our aim is to provide a guide for any research which involves the collection of language materials, including linguistic research, oral history or literature, and ethnography.
From dugouts to double outriggers; Lexical insights into the development of Swahili nautical technology Walsh, Martin
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.954

Abstract

The early history of nautical technology in the western Indian Ocean and adjoining parts of the eastern Africa coast is poorly understood. In the absence of evidence from shipwrecks, it has hitherto been based largely on the uncertain interpretation of a few documentary references and speculation surrounding technological parallels and assumed lexical resemblances. This paper examines some of the linguistic evidence in a more rigorous way, by undertaking a cross-dialectal comparison of names for watercraft and terms for outriggers in Swahili (Kiswahili), a Bantu language spoken on the islands and in scattered communities along the western seaboard of the Indian Ocean. The resulting analysis provides a new outline of the development of Swahili nautical technology and maritime culture, highlighting the key role played by particular boat forms, and the relative importance of indigenous innovation and different external influences, including the elusive impacts of Austronesian seafaring.
Reciprocality in Papuan Malay Sawaki, Yusuf
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.959

Abstract

Reciprocality, also known as reciprocal situation or reciprocal constructions, constitutes an expression which describes both the forms and meaning of an activity embodying a mutual relation. Papuan Malay, a pidginized lingua franca in Western New Guinea, has three types of constructions expressing reciprocality: lexical reciprocals, prototypical syntactic reciprocals with the baku construction, and syntactic reciprocals with the discontinuous satu...satu construction. Some additional constructions are considered to be reciprocal-like. These reciprocal constructions vary in their argument structure and valence operations. In argument structure, most constructions allow two kinds of argument structure: Type 1, which takes only a subject argument, and Type 2, which takes both a subject and object, and follows the basic SVO word order. However, the object in the Type 2 construction becomes oblique-like, indicating reduced transitivity in order to accommodate the concept of mutual relation. In valence operations, reciprocals can undergo both valence decreasing and valence increasing operations. In addition, some reciprocal constructions require subject and object to be syntactically retained, even though semantically they represent the same agent-patient/goal mutual relation.
Crossed control revisited; The structure and interpretations of “want” and so on + passive verb in Malay/Indonesian Nomoto, Hiroki
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1026

Abstract

  In Malay/Indonesian, when certain predicates such as “want” are followed by a passive verb, an ambiguity arises about who has the desire and other attitudes in question. The attitude-holder can be either the surface subject or the passive agent. This article critically assesses the data and claims presented in three recent studies (Mike Berger 2019; Paul Kroeger and Kristen Frazier 2020; Helen Jeoung 2020) through consideration of additional data. It shows that the ambiguity is empirically robust, contrary to the doubts expressed by Jeoung, and that the restructuring analysis advocated by the latter two studies has problems with its primary evidence: alternate voice marking realization. Instead, the paper confirms the previous understanding of the construction, including a bi-clausal structure with a dyadic matrix predicate and the importance of voice marking. Methodologically, it demonstrates that linguistic evidence should come from multiple sources, that is, not from elicitation or texts alone but from both of these (and perhaps more).
Language use and tourism in Yogyakarta; The linguistic landscape of Malioboro da Silva, Anna Marietta; Tjung, Yassir Nasanius; Wijayanti, Sri Hapsari; Suwartono, Christiany
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.721

Abstract

The present study provides a depiction of Malioboro through the interconnected prisms of language presentation, language preferences, and sign informativeness. Seven  hundred  and  twenty-nine  public  signs  were  examined  and  analysed. Although the analysis was limited to words, the survey also paid attention to language preferences and sign informativeness, wit, clarity, and visibility to both local and foreign visitors. Our findings reveal the dominance of Indonesian in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Malioboro, Yogyakarta’s most famous street; 73% of the signs were in Indonesian; indeed, all non-commercial signs use Indonesian. Only 15% of all signs used English and fewer than 5% of the signs contained Javanese, either in its original script or romanized. True to its principal target group, Indonesian  speakers,  the  LL  of  Malioboro  displays  an  exclusiveness and reflects the implementation of Indonesia’s language policy. Our survey shows both Indonesian and English prevailing in commercial, regulatory, and infrastructural signs, most of which are informative. 
The coming and going of "come" and "go"; Multi-verb directional motion constructions in Surinamese Javanese Villerius, Sophie
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1037

Abstract

This article examines multi-verb directional motion constructions in Surinamese Javanese, a heritage language undergoing structural influence from Dutch and Sranantongo. These are constructions which express ‘direction away’ by means of a V2 lunga ‘go away’. They are more frequent – and used with more different V1s – than in Indonesian Javanese, the baseline. The frequency change is a pattern change, a result of cross-linguistic transfer from Sranantongo, in which multi-verb constructions to express ‘direction away’ are very frequent. The extension of the usage contexts to more V1s is a form of semantic extension, and it is the first stage of contact-induced grammaticalization. This is caused by entrenchment of the schema motion verb + away, which exists in both Dutch and Sranantongo. The meaning of the constructions is also changing: whereas in Indonesian Javanese the directional element never refers to the causee alone, it frequently does in Surinamese Javanese. Finally, some preliminary observations are made with respect to the possible development of a parallel construction expressing ‘direction towards’ with V2 teka ‘come’, modeled on the Sranantongo multi-verb constructions with V2 kon ‘come’.

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