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INDONESIA
Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
Synthesis Active Charcoal from Waste Wood Colour with Substance as Adsorbent Dose Variations On Active Charcoal Industrial Waste Songket Fajriatul, Fatria
KINETIKA Vol 2, No 2 (2011): KINETIKA 01072011
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Limbah kayu merupakan sisa dari hasil pengolahan kayu yang terdiri dari 10 % berupa sebetan kayu, 20 % potongan ujung dan 15% serbuk gergaji kayu. Khusus potongan kayu biasanya dibakar dan dibuang ke sungai sehingga dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, limbah kayu digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan arang aktif. Arang aktif merupakan bahan penyerap yang dapat digunakan oleh berbagai industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan dosis optimum arang aktif yang dipergunakan pada proses penyerapan zat warna dari limbah songket serta menentukan limbah kayu mana yang baik, untuk meningkatkan kualitas arang aktif yang mengacu pada standar SNI 06-3730-95. Arang aktif dari limbah kayu ini diuji kinerjanya dengan proes penyerapan warna air limbah songket. Proses pembuatan arang aktif terdiri dari proses karbonisasi dengan temperatur 500 oC dan diaktivasi dengan larutan HCl 0.5 M. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arang yang paling baik yaitu arang aktif dari limbah kayu kolim menghasilkan kualitas paling baik dengan kadar air terikat 8%, kadar abu 1%, kadar zat mudah menguap 22%, kandungan karbon tertambat 69%, dan daya serap terhadap iodien sebesar 634.5 mg/g dengan syarat standar minimum 200mg/g. Semua kualitas yang dianalisis memenuhi standar SII-0258-79. Pada uji kinerja air limbah songket sebesar 247.48 ppm, pH semakin meningkat dengan pH awal 4.14 menjadi mendekati netral yaitu 7.1 dan sesuai baku mutu air limbah songket yaitu berkisar 6-9, nilai TDS 78 mg/L dan nilai kekeruhannya sebesar 99 NTU.
MAKING TEXTILE DYES FROM EXTRACT WATER PLANTS (Impatiens Balsamina L) WITH ADDITION GAMBIR AS STABILIZER Supraptiah, Endang
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): KINETIKA 01112017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The use of dyes from natural materials have long been used, but with the discovery of synthetic dyes are relatively easily produced and have better stability, natural dyes began to be abandoned. But it turns out the use of synthetic dyes have a negative impact on the environment and human health. One of the natural resources that have the potential for henna plant dye is water. Henna plant parts water can be used as natural dyes are the leaves that allegedly contain anthocyanins. To concentrate the dye obtained use of additives of gambier. This study aimed to study the effect of the solvent, the stability of the natural dyes to the effects of environmental conditions, and absorption of natural dyes produced in the coloring of textile materials. The solvents used are ethanol + water, ethanol and acetone. The results showed that the natural dye textiles manufacture of henna leaves water (Impatiens balsamina Linn) at the highest dye produced by ethanol. Value% yield produced by ethanol is 37.3788%.
EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND COMPOSITION ACTIVATOR ACID SULPHATE ON PALM OIL WASTE WATER TREATMENT M.T., Sofiah; Zahra, Siti
KINETIKA Vol 3, No 3 (2012): KINETIKA 01112012
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Purpose of this research is to exploit the shell and palm fiber become the active charcoal, by looking at the influence of the ratio mixture composition and effect of activator. this Active charcoal application as adsorbent to the liquid waste of crude palm oil. Initial treatment, shells and palm fiber dried first at a temperature of 1200C and carbonized. charcoal mix shell and palm fiber  activation chemically with a solution of  H2SO4  by way of immersed in the solution for 24 hours. The best quality activated charcoal obtained from the comparison of the 75% shell, 25% palm fiber with activator H2SO4 that has a yield of 95.94%,  4.9% moisture content, ash content 6.13%, iodine number 916.594 mg / g.  Activated charcoal mixture palm shell and palm fiber can be used as adsorbent liquid waste CPO, which is indicated by a decline in these parameters in the waste water contaminants in CPO, which is a 7.49 pH of  9, TSS of 660 ppm to 325 ppm,COD becomes 237,12 mg/L from1577.60 mg/L.
STUDI TEKNOLOGI PERENGKAHAN PANAS DAN PENJENUHAN TRIGLISERIDA CRUDE PALM OIL PADA KONDISI BASA DENGAN TWO STAGES ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMAL CRACKING REACTOR Trisnaliani, Lety; Purnamasari, Indah
KINETIKA Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014): KINETIKA 01032014
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The study was experienced using electrolyze by using two stages electrochemical thermal cracking reactor, zeolyte  as catalyst, silver as cathode and cuprum as anode. In this research, we used electrolyte solution for 2 kinds of pH  which  was  pH  10  and  pH  12  of  Potassium  Hydroxide  (KOH)  and  different  voltage  which  was  2,4,6,8,10  and  12  volt.  It  worked  in  1  atmosphere  with  electrolyze  for  1  hour,  heating  till  reaching  temperature  80 oC  for  1  hour, fogging process for 1 hour, and heating without electrolyze nor fogging about 30 minutes. From lubricity analyze,  this product is a fuel with high lubricity. The analyzer showing that cracking of triglyceride of crude palm oil has  same characteristics with diesel.
Design Tool Solar Dryer (Optimum In Calculating Heat Tool Solar Dryer For Efficiency Tool) Setiyadi, Ahmad
KINETIKA Vol 1, No 1 (2013): TEKNIK ENERGI 01012013
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Photovolteik solar drier is one example of the utilization of solar energy is very useful. By using this type of solar dryers can dry our crops, and commodity trading results without the use of fossil fuels, and can result in drying the product is not contaminated by dust, dirt, pollution vehicles that cause less hygienic products. The working principle of these dryers are energy solar panels solar radiation received, then the received energy is converted into electricity, the electricity is stored in batarai and is used to turn on the oven light dryers. The air that is in the room not to be confused with pangering outside air conditioning, because a sealed oven, so hot air heats the shelves are arranged in a drying oven. The purpose of this study is to dry commodities such as ginger slices of initial moisture content of ± 50% in the desire to be ± 11% -12%. Air Media is a hot air generated by the lamp in an oven dryers, which if turned on photovoltaic solar power generation. After doing research with experimental methods and performed several tests it was found that at a temperature 60 ?C until 70 ?C is the highest efficiency that is equal to ± 24%.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT KOPI DAN SERBUK GERGAJI MENJADI BRIKET SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF S.T.,M.T., Hilwatullisan
KINETIKA Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): KINETIKA 01072015
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Dependence on fuel oil brought Indonesia to the energy crisis seriously. One way to reduce dependence on fossil energy is to develop alternative renewable energy sources. Developing the alternative energy from saw dust waste and coffee skin has a great potential to be used as raw material for the manufacture of briquettes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of temperature and composition of briquettes from saw dust waste and coffee skin. Variations in temperature there are 250oC, 300oC, 350oC, 400oC and 450oC for 2 hours with the composition ratio between coffee skin and saw dust waste 75: 25 and 25: 75 as well as the addition of adhesive materials as much as 8%. Dependent variable, there are inherent moisture , ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific value. Briquette-shaped cylinder with a height of 2.5 cm and a diameter of 7.5 cm. Based on the research results obtained briquettes in temperature 450oC coffee skin composition and saw dust waste (25:75) with a inherent moisture of 0.87%, 7.84% ash content, volatile matter 23.96%, 67.33% fixed carbon and a calorificvalue of 5800.16 cal /g.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND MATERIAL SIZE ON THE PRODUCTION OF BIOCOAL BRIQUETTES MADE OF COAL LIGNITE, MERBAU SAWDUST, AND CORNCOB Dewi, Dian Sari
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): KINETIKA 01032017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The lignit charcoal, Merbau sawdust biomass waste and corncobs have a large potency and usage as an alternative of energy sources to replace the fossil energy such as crude oil and LPG. The aim of this research was ameliorating the quality of charcoal briquettes by adding the corncobs and Merbau sawdust waste in order to produce the biocoal, which is a better quality of briquettes as an alternative energy source. A proximate test was conducted to examine the biocoal briquettes in term of water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and heating value. The method used was varying the carbonization temperature (350oC, 400oC, and 500oC) for 60 minutes and varying the size of biocoal briquettes (20 mesh and 60 mesh). The results showed that the best biocoal briquettes were produced by 60 mesh sized briquettes in carbonization temperature of 500oC. However, the volatile matter values had not meet the requirement of SNI 01-6235-2000.
STUDY EFISIENSI TERMAL KETEL UAP DENGAN MELIHAT PENGARUH RASIO UDARA - BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR PADA ALAT WATER TUBE BOILER Ridwan, K.A.; ST.,M.T., Tahdid
KINETIKA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011): KINETIKA 01032011
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Water Tube Boiler adalah alat yang dibuat untuk menghasilkan uap panas. Produksi uap dalam ketel uap dihasilkan dari pemanasan air menjadi uap dan karena uapnya dipampat dan menjadi bertekanan dan mempunyai panas yang suhunya tinggi. Tekanan atau panas ini dipergunakan orang untuk menjalankan pesawat-pesawat tenaga atau alat-alat angkat menjadi tekanan dan pengangkutan dan lain sebagainya untuk tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Kualitas steam Boiler dipengaruhi oleh aliran uap, Tekanan Boiler, Temperatur, Efisiensi Boiler dan Kapasitas. Untuk Mendapatkan Kualitas steam yang baik dipengaruhi dengan kondisi input bahan bakar dan udara pada proses pembakaran. Dimana bahan bakar yang digunakan harus mempunyai nilai kalor lebih besar agar kemampuan udara bercampur dengan bahan bakar akan lebih baik. Perbandingan udara bahan bakar yang belum begitu baik, merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan kecilnya konversi reaksi pembakaran. Melihat masalah tersebut maka dilakukan pengamatan dengan pengaruh rasio udara yang divariasikan untuk melihat kualitas dari steam yang dihasilkan. Dengan rasio yang digunakan 13,3; 20,0; 26,6; dan 33,3 dan Flow bahan bakar 0,3 L/mnt. Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa rasio udara-bahan bakar mempengaruhi kualitas steam yang dihasilkan. Yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai optimum efisiensi pada rasio udara-bahan bakar 26,6.
COAL LIQUEFACTION USING CATALYTIC THERMAL CRACKING REACTOR WITH DIRECT METHODE Naimah, Khoirun; Rusnadi, Irawan
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): KINETIKA 01112017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Coal Liquefaction Technology merupakan salah satu bagian dari Clean Coal Technology yang bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan nilai guna batubara peringkat rendah sebagai bahan bakar. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pencairan batubara adalah metode langsung, dimana reaksi ini terjadi didalam sebuah reaktor yang terbuat dari pipa stainless steel kapasitas 3 Liter dengan kondisi operasi suhu mencapai 375˚C, tekanan mencapai 6 bar dan waktu operasi selama ±2 jam. Didalam reaktor ini terdapat batubara, pelarut, dan katalis. Sampel batubara yang digunakan adalah berasal dari daerah Tanjung Enim, Lahat, dan Muba, dengan ukuran diameter batubara 60, 170, dan 200 mesh. Jenis pelarut yang digunakan adalah kerosene dan sikloheksana. Perbandingan rasio bb dan pelarut adalah 1:1-1:3. Kemudian, jenis katalis yang digunakan adalah ZnCl2, Fe3O4, dan Al2O3, dengan persen penggunaan 3-5%weight. Pada analisis hasil volume produk, nilai produk maksimalditunjukkan pada jenis batubara lignit dari Tanjung Enim dengan ukuran batubara 200 mesh, jenis pelarut kerosene dengan rasio bb:pelarut 1:2, dan jenis katalis ZnCl2 dengan 3%wt yakni 503 ml. Hal ini disebabkan pada kondisi tersebut, batubara memiliki kandungan hydrogen dan kadar zat terbang yang tinggi, kandungan hydrogen pelarut yang tinggi juga sehingga dapat berperan dengan baik, katalis yang merupakan jenis paling reaktif dibanding yang lainnyasehingga dalam proses pencairan batubara mudah untuk dicairkan. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai kalor yang berbeda dari teoritis, Hal ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya kondisi operasi yang digunakan, sehingga komposisi produk batubara cair yang dihasilkan adalah campuran alkane C5H12-C7H16.
Exploiting of Wasted Cooking Oil at Making Biodiesel Through Transesterification Process With Applies K2CO3 Catalyst as Fuel Diesel of Renewable ST.,M.T., Zulkarnain
KINETIKA Vol 2, No 2 (2011): KINETIKA 01072011
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

This research aim is to know the influence from various usage of K2CO3 catalyst and methanol solvent to biodiesel from wasted cooking oil. The making of biodiesel from waste cooking oil as raw material this before all was done by using esterification process with purpose to reduce %FFA >5% become < 5% with some help of the same solvent that is methanol and K2CO3  catalyst, then is continued to phase herein after is processing transesterification. The tranesterification process if wasted cooking oil in methanol to yield biodiesel applies alkaline catalyst. Sighting of % K2CO3  and methanol volume to product biodiesel need to be done to get product biodiesel fulfilling standart.  Process tranesterification of wasted cooking oil using alkaline catalyst (K2CO3 ) and methanol solvent is done with various % K2CO3  that 0,1%, 1.0%, 1.5% and methanol equel to 15 ml, 20 ml , 25 ml. This research done by the way of mixing wasted cooking oil , methanol and K2CO3  in neck gourd four with operating condition 70 oC during 1 hour and result of his it?s dissociated in separatory funnel then is hushed during 24 hour. From the research was received by the optimum condition in the use K2CO3 with concentration 0.5% wt and the volume of methanol 1250 ml. Result of the analysis of physical characteristics and chemistry biodiesel that was received % rendemen 56,07%, density 0,852 gr/ml, pH 7,1, acid number 0,53 of mgKOH, flashpoint 168 oC, % water content 0.03%, viscosity 3.09 cSt and calories value 6374.54 cal/gr. The biodiesel product that have got has been fulfill the Indonesian standard biodiesel quality.

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