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Published by International Coconut Community

ISSN : 02151162 EISSN : 27218856 DOI : 10.37833/cord

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 376 Documents

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Genetic Diversity Evaluation of MARDI’s Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Germplasm using Simple Sequence Repeats H.N. Khairun
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 2 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

A total of 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been optimized and used to genotype coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). These markers were used to genotype 23 coconut varieties that were maintained in MARDI’s germplasm collection. Fifteen SSR loci were polymorphic markers while the remaining three SSR were monomorphic. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19 with a mean number of 8.53 per locus. The expected heterozygosity values in each variety ranged from 0.07 to 0.61, with an average value of 0.52. Several varieties could be successfully differentiated by using these 15 SSR markers such as Cameroon Red Dwarf x West African Tall hybrid, Mawa hybrid, Malayan Tall x Cameroon Red Dwarf hybrid, Malayan Red Dwarf x Rotuman hybrid, Catigan, Pandan and Laguna. A UPGMA Dendogram showed Niu Damu as an outlying group with high dissimilarity from all other varieties. Analyses using the STRUCTURE software showed all 23 varieties to be clustered into 21 genotypic groups. This new information will greatly contribute towards characterization of the MARDI’s coconut germplasm collection and to develop a SSR tool for the identification of new coconut varieties in Malaysia.

Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation on Obese Rats’ Anthropometrical Parameters and Gut Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes Change Ratio Amadeus Driando Ahnan
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Previous clinical trials using virgin coconut oil (VCO) showed a potential anti-obesity effect, including for human, by reducing the waist circumference. However, there was not discovered any research that examined its anti-obesity effect in relation with gut microbiota parameters as one of current approaches of obesity parameters, for example Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This research was conducted to examine the effect of VCO supplementation on the change of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in comparison to the anthropometrical parameters. The experiment was done using 14 days obese-induced female Sprague-Dawley rats supplemented with 0.01% w/w and 0.02% w/w VCO for 28 days. The anthropometric data collection consisted of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), and body length (BL). Ratio changes in –fold increase between Day 28 and Day 0 of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were retrieved by using relative quantification normalized against unit mass calculation, using the cycle threshold values from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method with SYBR Green fluorescence and standard curve derived from tenfold 5 points dilution series of recombinant plasmid for efficiency calculation. VCO supplementation stimulated significant increase on anthropometric parameters on BW and AC (p<0.05), while insignificant changes were shown on Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes ratio with tendency of increasing and decreasing respectfully, with no significance. The result indicated that VCO supplementation in the given doses promoted pro-obesity effect on key anthropometric parameters, while showed potential anti-obesity effect on the gut microbiota parameter. Further researches were needed especially in determining the effective dose to promote the anti-obesity effect of VCO and revealing any possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Preparation and Quality Assessment of Yoghurt Prepared from Dairy Milk and Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) Milk S.R Priya
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Yoghurt was produced using dairy and coconut milk. Five variants of yoghurt namely plain dairy and coconut yoghurt (variant I), dairy and coconut yoghurt with natural grape pulp (variant II), dairy and coconut yoghurt with synthetic grape flavour (variant III), dairy and coconut yoghurt with natural pineapple pulp (variant IV) and dairy and coconut yoghurt with synthetic pineapple flavour (variant V) were prepared. Among these five variants dairy and coconut yoghurt with pineapple pulp (variant IV) had received the highest mean scores for all the sensory criteria, and was selected for the further study. Physicochemical properties and selected nutrient components were analysed for the pineapple flavoured yoghurt prepared with dairy milk and coconut milk. Yoghurt made with coconut milk had scored higher values for all the analysed nutrients (energy - 142.49 ± 2.63, carbohydrate - 9.55 ± 0.12, protein – 8.02 ± 0.005 and fat – 13.03 ± 0.05) than yoghurt made with dairy milk (energy - 93.76±0.25, carbohydrate - 4.46 ± 0.05 , protein – 7.26 ± 0.11 and fat – 9.82 ± 0.02). The results of current study demonstrated that the addition of fruits to the yogurt significantly improved the product acceptability and also yoghurt produced from coconut milk can be a match able substitute for normal yoghurt.

Liposomal Drug Delivery of a Major Component of Coconut Oil for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in vitro and in vivo Dissaya Pornpattananangku
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Abundantly found in coconut oil, lauric acid (LA), a 12-carbon atom chain free fatty acid, has shown its potent antimicrobial activity against the acne-causing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). To facilitate the administration of LA and improve its efficacy, nanoliposomes were used to encapsulate LA. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of LA was compared with other free fatty acids and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Subsequently, LA was incorporated into nano-sized bilayer lipid vesicle (lauric acid liposome, LipoLA). It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of LA in LipoLA was enhanced at low LA concentration. Interaction study also showed that the liposome aids in the fusion between LA and the bacterial membrane, leading to an effective delivery of LA molecules to the target site. More interestingly, in vivo study indicates that antimicrobial activity of LipoLA is well preserved and higher than BPO. Since LA is a natural compound from coconut oil and liposomes have been successfully and widely applied as a drug delivery vehicle in the clinic, the LipoLA developed in this work holds great potential of becoming a safe and effective therapeutic medication for acne vulgaris and other P. acnes associated infections.

Shelf Life and Quality Evaluation of Deep Frozen Coconut Cream, Coconut Scrapings and Coconut Slices K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconut kernel is the major energy source in the diets of coconut producing countries. Ready to use coconut milk/kernel has a great demand in the market specifically for its nutty flavor. Studies were conducted to evaluate the storage quality of deep frozen coconut cream, scraped coconut and coconut slices. Coconut cream pasteurized and scraped coconut and coconut slices were blanched at 70 °C for 1.5 minutes. A known weight of each product was packed in nylon low density polyethylene, triple laminate and polyethylene and stored in a freezer at -18 °C. The shelf life was evaluated by free fatty acid content (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and total microbial load. The acceptability was tested using a triangle test with a 25 semi trained panelists in two weeks intervals for two months. FFA content increased during the storage period, but none of the products exceed the standard level of 1% The development of FFA in products packed in triple laminates was slow and peroxides were not detected up to 8 weeks of storage period. At the 8th week, microbial count reached to 106. Sensory study revealed that the organoleptic properties of all three coconut products were within the acceptable range though products showed differences sometimes, after 4 weeks storage compared with fresh samples. The results indicated that the minimum shelf life of the frozen coconut products is 8 weeks.

Coconut: Natural Source of Potential Anti Cancer Agent Dr. Amit Ghosh
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The current strategy of drug development is time consuming and expensive. This contrasts sharply with the vision of affordable drug development. The costly and the lengthy paradigm of drug discoveries are major obstacles for combating with rapidly emerging and sporadic diseases. The dichotomy between the urgent requirement of affordable treatment development and the hindrance it faces is apparent in several recent literatures which reflects the importance of drug repurposing and development of botanical drugs. Consistent with this idea, past few decades of studies on Cocos nucifera has yielded a fair knowledge about the anticancer potential of coconut products. The aggregate knowledge is undeniably positive and offers the novel avenues for the therapeutics and affordable drug development. This article highlights the link between coconut products and its anticancer effects.

Virgin Coconut Oil for HIV - Positive People Dr. Kadek Dharma Widhiarta
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 32 No 1 (2016): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The objective of the study was to determine effects of 3 x 15 ml/day Virgin Coconut Oil supplementation for 6 weeks in subject to CD4+ T lymphocyte concentration and conducted at Special health center on Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. The methods involved experimental study with parallel design on 40 HIV subject with CD4+ T lymphocyte count > 200 cell/µL divided into two groups, VCO group, subject in this group received VCO supplementation 3 x 15 ml/day for 6 weeks and non-VCO Group (without VCO supplementation). Data collected includes demographic characteristic (age and sex), anthropometric (weight, height, and body mass index), daily intakes by food recall 1 x 24 hours and laboratory (CD4+ T lymphocyte count). Statistical analysis was performed with independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results could be summarised as follows. The average BMI were 20.8 ± 2.29 kgs/sqm (VCO group) and 20.7 ± 3.38 kgs/sqm (non-VCO group). Energy and fat intake between VCO group (1459 ± 327.4 Cal/day and 81.8 ± 19.35 gs/day) and non-VCO group (1101 ± 319.8 Cal/day and 37.1 ± 19.35 gs/day). Carbohydrate and protein intake between VCO group (143.8 ± 44.58 gs/day and 41.6 ± 14.04 gs/day) and non-VCO group (151.6 ± 14.04 gs/day and 39.5 ± 18.31gs/day). There were significant differences (p = 0.047) in average of CD4+ T lymphocyte count after 6 weeks intervention between VCO group (481 ± 210.0 cell/µL) and non-VCO group (343 ± 129.1 cell/µL). The conclusion is that Virgin Coconut Oil supplementation 3 x 15 ml/day for 6 weeks increases CD4+ T lymphocyte concentration in HIV patient.

Lampanah Local Tall-A High Yielding Variety for Replanting Coconut in Tsunami Affected Aceh Province Area Hengky Novarianto
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Aceh province is one of major coconut producing areas in Indonesia. In 2013 coconut areas in Aceh province was 107,654 ha in which total production of copra was equivalent to 63,743 tons. The entire coconut area in Aceh belong to smallholders. The coconut production in this area began to decrease in 2005 by an average of 9 percent per year, which was mainly caused by the tsunami. This had resulted in damage to many crops. Efforts to increase production and productivity of coconut plantation in Aceh needed rejuvenation of the old or unproductive coconut palms with the use of seeds of improved quality. Based on the results of the research conducted during 2014-2016, it is known that the origin of the Lampanah tall is passed from generation to generation and is a native of coconut in Aceh Besar Regent, Aceh Province. The morphology of Lampanah tall coconut comprising of the crown of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits in general is quite uniform. Of the data on the 23 quantitative characters, all have a value of coefficient of variance below 20%, except the character of 11 leaf scars obtained 23.29%. In the case of polar girth, Lampanah tall coconut is generally greater than the equatorial girth, fruit shape classified as round, egg-shaped and elliptic. The seednut of Lampanah tall generally round shape. The Lampanah tall coconut has the number of bunches at 13.35/palm and the number of fruit at 9.25 fruits/bunch or an average of 138 fruits/palm/ year. Fresh coconut meat weight is 449 g/nut or approximately 224 g copra/nut and the potential for copra production was 30.97 kg/palm/year or 3.80 tons of copra/ha/year. The fat content of Lampanah tall coconut was 66.40%, the water content of copra approximately 3.42% and protein at approximately 6.81%. Total saturated fatty acids was at 94.27%, medium chain saturated fatty acids at 67.21% and lauric acid content at 46.50%. The seed source of Lampanah tall coconut has been a selection of as much as 72 Selected Mother Palms (MAS) from a total of 407 palms of the High Yielding Block. The selected population is characterised with traits like copra yield more than 2.0 ton/ha/year, free from attack pests and diseases, number of bunch more than 12 per year, total nuts more than 7/bunch and weight of meat more than 400 g/nut. The MAS of Lampanah tall whole coconut has been marked using GPS. The Aceh government will build a minimum of 5 ha Coconut tall Seed Gardens on government land, as the development of source of Lampanah tall seednuts. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the Lampanah tall coconut with plenty of nuts, at an average of 138 nuts per palm could be released as one of the national high yielding coconut.

Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements Anitha Karun
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol. At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.

Influence of Long Term Application of Green Manure on the Productivity of Coconut Cultivated in Reddish Brown Latosolic Soils in Sri Lanka S.H.S. Senarathne
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Organic matter contributes in maintaining soil fertility in agriculture. Green leaf biomasses of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia are high in plant nutrients and recognized as potential green manure sources for many crops. In a field experiment carried out in a coconut plantation with Reddish Brown Latosolic soil, two green manure crops were grown to study their abilities and establishment in coconut avenues and to evaluate their effect on nut yield. In situ green manuring, especially with legumes, had the most beneficial effect on soil improvement. The use of green biomass alone has improved soil properties. The biomasses of Gliricidia and Tithonia decomposed rapidly after application to the soil, and incorporated biomass would be an effective source of N, P and K for crops. Results showed that, coconut yields were significantly increased with the incorporation of green biomass of Gliricidia and Tithonia than with commercial inorganic fertilizer application. Mean nut yield for five years in the green manure applied plots was (37-46%) significantly (P < 0.05) higher, compared to that of the inorganic fertilizer applied plots towards the latter part of the experiment. Addition of green manure has significantly (P < 0.05) improved the soil parameters i.e. soil N (by 75%), organic C content (by 86%) and soil microbial activity (by 52%). Soil bulk density has been reduced by 20% which enhances the root growth. The improvement of soil moisture content by 92% is of great importance for coconut in withstanding the frequent dry spells which are on increasing trend with the present climatic change situations. There was no significant effect of green manures on soil pH and P but P content was improved with the use of green biomasses of Gliricidia and Tithonia.

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Mufid Febrianto

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Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone +628111885787

Journal Mail Official journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address 8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location Kota adm. jakarta pusat, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email
mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone
+628111885787

Journal Mail Official
journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA