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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 777 Documents

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Antiinflammatory Effect of Several Umbelliferae Species SUWIJIYO PRAMONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A screening for antiinflammatory effects was performed on several Indonesian Umbelliferae plants based on the contents of saponins and flavonoids. They were compared with Bupleurum falcatum L. as an introduced antiinflammatory plant. Roots and grains of each plant were collected, dried, and extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were then analyzed for their saponin and flavonoid contents by gravimetric and UV-vis spectrophotometric method. Antiinflammatory activity test was conducted on carragenin induced rat paw oedema. The results showed that the highest contents of saponin and flavonoid were found in the grains of Apium graveolens L. and showed antiinflammatory effect that was equivalent to that of the root of B. falcatum.

Embryology of Swainsona formosa (Fabaceae): Anther and Ovule Development ZULKARNAIN ZULKARNAIN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Our study showed that floral morphology and anatomy in Swainsona formosa were typical of leguminous flower. The anthers were found to be tetrasporangiate, with a 3-layered wall below the epidermis. The wall was comprised of a layer of endothecium, middle layer and secretory tapetum. Pollen grains were triporate and shed at a two-cell stage. The ovules were campylotropous with a zigzag micropyle. Multiple embryo sacs were occasionally found but only one mature embryo was formed in the seed. Rubbing the receptive stigma with fingertip enhanced pollination, resulted in 100% pod formation on treated flowers. During fertilization, the pollen tube entered the embryo sac via one of two existing synergids, destroying the synergid in the process. The endosperm was of nuclear type, and only one or two layers of endosperm left as the seed reached its maturity. The seed coat was composed of a single layer of thick-walled palisade cells on the outside followed by a single layer hypodermal sclereids on the inside.

Functional Response of the Parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) to Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius) under Different Temperature NOVRI NELLY; TRIMURTI HABAZAR; RAHMAT SYAHNI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The functional response of the parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were studied using Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae as host at different densities. All larvae were exposed to one E. argenteopilosus female for three hours at three different temperatures, i.e 20 oC, 25 oC, and 30 oC. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the type of functional response. At 20 oC E. argenteopilosus showed type II functional response, while at 25 oC and 30 oC the functional response is type III. Based on surface analysis, the optimal parasitism rate occurred at 22.24 oC with 10.12 larvae parasitized/hour. The larvae density to achieve optimal parasitism rate was 69.38 larvae. The optimal oviposition rate was 12.59 eggs/hour which occurred at 24.41 oC, using a density of 94.54 larvae.

The Utilization of Seaweed as a Source of Dietary Fiber to Decrease the Serum Cholesterol in Rats MADE ASTAWAN; TUTIK WRESDIYATI; ANZS BUDY HARTANTA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The cholesterol lowering effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) powder as a source of dietary fiber was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Four groups of five male Sprague Dawley hypercholesterolemic rats were fed a 0% cholesterol-0% seaweed powder (negative control); 1% cholesterol-5% seaweed powder; 1% cholesterol-10% seaweed powder; and 1% cholesterol-0% seaweed powder (positive control) for 35 days. Seaweed powder contained feed did not affect the growth of rats but significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and atherogenic index. The lowest serum cholesterol was found in the hypercholesterolemic rats fed with 1% cholesterol-10% seaweed powder. The values of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were 67.7, 33.0, and 47.3 mg/dl, respectively.

Tolerance of Several Peanut Cultivars against Drought Stress AHMAD RIDUAN; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; JAJAH KOSWARA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The objectives of this experiments were to determine the effects of drought stress initiated at vegetative growth stage on yield of peanut, to evaluate the tolerance of six peanut cultivars against drought stress, and to determine their leaf prolin and total sugar content. One group of peanut plants were grown in plastic pots and subjected to stress condition during the period of 15-45 days (Experiment I) or 15-80 days (Experiment II) by watering them only in every 4-7 days and were harvested at days 75 (Experiment I) or at maturity (Experiment II). The other group was grown optimally in plastic pot up to harvest period. Leaf prolin content was determined at 12 (before stress), 30 (after three periods of stress), 47 (after six periods of stress), and 64 days in Experiment I and only after six periods of drought stress in Experiment II. Results indicated that drought stress that was initiated at vegetative growth stage reduced plant height, branches number, shoot and root dry weight, and peanut yield. Sensitivity index calculated based on peanut yield showed that peanut cv. Jerapah and Singa were a medium tolerance while Gajah, Kelinci, Macan, and Simpai were sensitive against drought stress. Higher increased in leaf proline content after drought stress was observed in peanut cv. Jerapah and Singa, while less increased was observed in peanut cv. Gajah, Kelinci, Macan and Simpai. Total leaf sugar content of peanut cv. Jerapah, Gajah, Macan and Simpai decreased under drought stress while that of Singa and Kelinci were the same as that under optimal condition. The ability to increase leaf proline content and maintain total leaf sugar content under drought stress could be used as indicators of drought tolerance in peanut cultivars.

Phytoremediation and Potency of Hyperaccumulator Plants NURIL HIDAYATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Phytoremediation is defined as cleaning up of pollutants mediated primarily by plants. It is an emerging technology for environmental remediation that offers a low-cost technique suitable for use against different types of contaminants in a variety of media. Phytoremediation is potentially applicable to a diversity of substances, involving hyperaccumulators heavy metals and radionuclides. It is also applicable to other inorganic contaminants such as arsenic, various salts and nutrients, and a variety of organic contaminants, including explosives, petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. At least there are one taxon of plant as hyperaccumulator for Cd, 28 taxa for Co, 37 taxa for Cu, 9 taxa for Mg, 317 taxa for Ni, and 11 taxa for Zn. Extensive progress were done in characterizing physiology of plants which hyperaccumulate or hypertolerate metals. Hypertolerance is fundamental to hyperaccumulator, and high rates of uptake and translocation are observed in hyperaccumulator plants. Hyperaccumulator plants and agronomic technology were undertaken to improve the annual rate of phytoextraction and to allow recycling of soil toxic metals accumulated in plant biomass. These techniques are very likely to support commercial environmental remediation. Most phytoremediation systems are still in development, or in the stage of plant breeding to improve the cultivars for field use. However, application for commercial purposes has already been initiated. Many opportunities have also been identified for research and development to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation.

Sperm Preservation using Freeze-Drying Method TAKDIR SAILI; MULYOTO PANGESTU; MOHAMAD AGUS SETIADI; SRIHADI AGUNGPRIYONO; MOZES R. TOELIHERE; ARIEF BOEDIONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 1 (2005): March 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Since the discovery of cryopreservation method for bull semen, cryopreservation become an alternative method for maintaining gamet resources of certain animal which is threatened or near extinction. This technology was then applied to the preservation of embryo, oocyte, ovary and testis. The application of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for which sperm motility is unnecessary had supported the effort to create simplified method such as freeze-drying for sperm preservation. Due to the benefit of ICSI over the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) the spermatozoon could be mechanically driven to pass through the zona pellucida and entering the cytoplasm of oocytes prior to fertilization. The freeze-drying method is an alternative method in sperm preservation which ignored the motility of sperm. The sperm resulted from this technique is in drying state, therefore, it might be stored in room temperature or in refrigerator. Many reports have claimed that freeze-dried sperm which is not motile but has an intact DNA was able to fertilize oocytes, even produced offspring in mouse.

Molecular Phylogeny of Agrioglypta Meyrick and Talanga Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Spilomelinae) Inferred from Nuclear EF-1a Gene HARI SUTRISNO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 2 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The phylogeny of the two closely- related genera, Agrioglypta Meyrick and Talanga Moore, was inferred from nucleotide sequence variation across a 973-bp region in the nuclear elongation factor-1 (EF-1) gene. Seven species representing the two genera and two outgroup species (Feltia jaculifera Guene and Metallarcha aureodiscalis Meyrick) were analyzed. The results showed the averages of the p-distances in the comparisons between species within genus and between species belonging to other different genera were 3.5% and 4.9%, respectively. EF-1 gene had almost reached saturation at the level of the divergence of these two genera. The phylogenetic analysis using MP and NJ methods showed that each genus was found to be a monophyletic group and the species relationships within each genus were almost consistent as well. A. eurytusalis is the basal species in the genus Agrioglypta. In the genus Talanga, T. sabacusalis lied in the basal node and T. tolumnialis was found to be sister group of T. sexpunctalis.

In Vitro Selection of Peanut Somatic Embryos on Medium Containing Culture Filtrate of Sclerotium rolfsii and Plantlet Regeneration YUSNITA YUSNITA; WIDODO WIDODO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 2 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Attempts to identify somaclonal variants of peanut with resistance to Sclerotium stem rot disease due to infection of S. rolfsii were conducted. The objectives of this study were to develop in vitro selection method using culture filtrates of S. rolfsii, identify culture filtrate-insensitive somatic embryo (SE) of peanut after in vitro selection and regenerate peanut R0 lines originated from culture filtrate-insensitive SE. To achieve these objectives, peanut embryogenic tissues were cultured on selective medium containing various concentrations of S. rolfsii culture filtrates and sublethal concentration of the filtrates. Medium containing sublethal level of S. rolfsii culture filtrates was used to identify culture filtrate-insensitive SE of peanut. Subsequently, the selected SEs were germinated, plantlets were regenerated and preliminary tested against S. rolfsii. Results of the experiments showed that addition of S. rolfsii culture filtrates into medium for inducing peanut somatic embryos drastically reduced their growth and proliferation. S. rolfsii culture filtrates at 10% concentration has significantly reduced the number of proliferated SE per explant. However, sublethal level was achieved at 30% of culture filtrates concentration. Responses of five peanut cultivars against 30% of culture filtrates were similar, indicating they were similar in their susceptibility against S. rolfsii. A number of culture filtrate-insensitive SE were identified after culturing 1500 clumps of embryogenic tissue of peanut cv. Kelinci for three consecutive passages on medium containing 30% of culture filtrates. Germination of selected SE and regeneration of plantlet from culture filtrate-insensitive SE resulted in 50 peanut R0 lines. These lines have been grown in the plastic house and produced normal seeds for further evaluation. Results of S. rolfsii inoculation indicated the existence of chimera for insensitivity against S. rolfsii.

Cloning of Genomic DNA Flanking Transposon in the Nonpathogenic Mutant of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines M715 ALINA AKHDIYA RUSMANA; ANTONIUS SUWANTO; BUDI TJAHJONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 2 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The objective of this work is to clone flanking DNA derived from Tn-5 mutagenesis of wild type strain Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines as first step to clone and to identify the gene involved in pathogenicity mechanism. We have localized the flanking DNA fragment from a nonpathogenic mutant of Xag M715. Southern hybridization analysis using 2.8 kb EcoRI from pYR103 as a probe showed that the fragment is located within 2.0 kb PstI fragment. A 0.7 kb flanking DNA was amplified using inverse PCR technique, and inserted into pGEM-T Easy vector generating a 3.7 kb recombinant plasmid (pAA01). Southern hybridization analysis of the wild type (YR32) with pAA01 as a probe indicated a hybridization signal located at approximately 3.0 kb PstI fragment. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the DNA fragment has a 64% identity to a vir gene of Bacillus anthracis.

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