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Agromet

agromet
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 01263633 EISSN : 2655660X DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agromet publishes original research articles or reviews that have not been published elsewhere. The scope of publication includes agricultural meteorology/climatology (the relationships between a wide range of agriculture and meteorology/climatology aspects). Articles related to meteorology/climatology and environment (pollution and atmospheric conditions) may be selectively accepted for publication. This journal is published twice a year by Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology (PERHIMPI) in collaboration with Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University.

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Articles 267 Documents

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GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION AND VEGETATION DYNAMICS DERIVED FROM NOAA/AVHRR-NDVI (ANALISIS GLOBAL DINAMIKA CURAH HUJAN DAN VEGETASI BERDASARKAN INDEKS VEGETASI NOAA/AVHRR) Eleonora Runtunuwu; Haris Syahbuddin
Agromet Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

The study of changes in global precipitation patterns is a key element in the ongoing research of climate change. There are also changes that occur over the land surface, such as in vegetation, which are associated with changes in precipitation. However, a better understanding of precipitation- vegetation relationships on various time and space scales is needed.There were many studies on relationship between rainfall to NDVI such as in East Africa1), Bostwana2), Sahel3), Amazon and Northeastern Brazil4), China5), and also in global scale6)7). From those studies, the relation of precipitation and NDVI is complex, such as reported by Kerr8) that its relationship was linear in Senegal, while by Lu5) the relationship was quadratic in China. Additionally, Milich and Weiss3) found that the relationship was inconsistent from the year to the year in Sahel, Africa.Hence, this paper attempts to explore the relationship between climate variables and the vegetation dynamic derived from NOOA/AVHRR-NDVI value, based on either spatial scale or point data. The authors also tried to investigate the possibility to study the global environmental change by using satellite data.

WATER DEFICIT EFFECT ON GROWTH OF YOUNG FAST GROWING TEAK (Tectona Grandis L.F.) (PENGARUH DEFISIT AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JATI EMAS MUDA) E. Eliyani; I Handoko; Yonny Koesmaryono
Agromet Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) has been grown in Indonesia since the beginning of 14th century. Teak forests in Indonesia are found mainly on the island of Java, which cover an area of about 1 million ha (Indonesia Forest State Enterprise, 1992). Outside Java, the natural area of teak is Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi (Simon, 1997). In some recent years, teak has been planted in some other islands of Indonesia from Sumatra to Papua mainly by private sectors and farmers. Some of these plantations are in areas that would have been considered marginal for teak growing two decades ago.This phenomenon was encouraged by relatively new perception of teak planting as a commercially profitable venture, as well as by policy and legal changes. The rotation cycle of new high-intensity teak plantations is generally between 20 and 25 years which is three to four times shorter than for older low-intensity plantations (Nair & Souvannavong, 2000). Nowadays, the government does not control its harvesting and utilization for teak grown on private land.However, information on growth response of this kind of teak to climate is very limited. The fast growth of this kind of teak needs a specific environment that could be different for the slow growing one. Its resistance to water deficit may not be as high as the slow growing one as its needs much water to cover its fast growth particularly in the early period of growth. This experiment was intended to analyze the effects of water deficit to the growth of young fast growing teak.

VARIABILITY OF NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDICES IN SUMATRA AND ITS RELATION TO CLIMATE ANOMALIES(KERAGAMAN INDEKS VEGETASI DI SUMATERA DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN ANOMALI IKLIM) Erna Sri Adiningsih; Kustiyo .
Agromet Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Indeks vegetasi yang diperoleh dari data NOAA-AVHRR sudah umum digunakan sebagai indikator kehijauan dan kekeringan vegetasi. Kondisi iklim global dan regional diatas Sumatera mempengaruhi indeks vegetasi di Sumatera. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keragaman indeks vegetasi terutama di Sumatra dan hubungannya dengan El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Event (DME). LAC NDVI periode 1996-2002 digunakan untuk menganalisa koefisien keragaman dan analisis korelasi kanonik. Keragaman NDVI yang tinggi ditemukan di pantai timur, bagian selatan dan bagian utara Sumatera, sedangkan di bagian barat dan tengah keragamannya rendah. Secara keseluruhan, keragaman NDVI selama monsun barat lebih tinggi daripada periode monsun timur. ENSO dan DME mempangaruhi indeks vegetasi di Sumatera pada lag 0,4,dan 5 bulan (nyata pada taraf 5%). Kontribusi terbesar diberikan oleh variable kanonik lag 1 (R2=70.1%), sisa 29,9 % disebabkan oleh keragaman factor-faktor lainnya. Kerana korelasi dan signifikansi dari parameter iklim secara statistik tinggi, maka dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor NDVI di Sumatera. Diantara 6 time lag , parameter dengan lag 6 bulan mempunyai keragaman yang tertinggi. Namun, uji beda nyata menunjukkan bahwz korelasi kanonik pada lag 0,4,dan 5 yang mempunyai beda nyta tertinggi (pada taraf 95%). Struktur korelasi kanonik untuk parameter iklim pada lag 0 dan 1 didominasi oleh SOI dan anomaly SST. Sedangkan korelasi pada lag 2,5, dan 6 didominasi oleh SOI, anomaly SST, dan DMI. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, kami menyimpulkan bahwa analisis korelasi kanonik merupakan metode yang optimum untuk memprediksi NDVI di Sumatera pada lag 5 bulan menggunakan SOI, SSTA, dan DMI sebagai prediktor. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa parameter iklim dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi NDVI 5 bulan ke depan dengan baik di Sumatera.

DYNAMICAL LAND/FOREST FIRE HAZARD MAPPING OF KALIMANTAN BASED ON SPATIAL AND SATELLITE DATA (PEMETAAN KEBAKARAN LAHAN/HUTAN DINAMIS PULAU KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN DATA SPASIAL DAN SATELIT) E. S. Adiningsih; B. S. Tejasukmana; M. R. Khomarudin
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Early warning system is an important component in land/forest fire management. Since Kalimantan is one of prone areas to fires in Indonesia, land/forest fire hazard mapping for the area is essential to provide early warning information. Methods on static fire hazard mapping have been established using geographic information system. Land/forest fire hazard mapping could be established based on spatial biophysical parameters such as rainfall, vegetation condition, land cover, and land type. Since most parameters can be derived from satellite data and some of them are predictable, a dynamical land/forest fire hazard maps can be generated. The objective of this research was to construct a model of forest fire hazard mapping for Kalimantan. Spatial data used consisted of spatial rainfall maps, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps derived from NOAA-AVHRR data, land cover maps from Landsat TM data, and land type map. The results show that contributions of rainfall and NDVI to fire hazards should be higher than land cover and land type. The weights of NDVI, rainfall, land cover, and land type are 0.35, 0.30, 0.20, and 0.15 respectively. For the case study of 1997 – 2002 periods, it has been shown that most hotspots are located in areas with forest fire hazard of high level.

MODEL SPEKTRUM RADIASI SURYA DAN SUHU DI DALAM RUMAH PLASTIK (THE SOLAR SPECTRUM AND TEMPERATURE MODEL IN THE PLASTICHOUSE) . Yushardi; Yonny Kusmaryono; H.M. H. Bintoro; A. H. Tambunan
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Research has been conducted to develop the solar spectrum and temperature model in the plastic house. The objective of this research is to determine spectrum and temperature optimum in the plastic house. The method was used by field experiment and simulation. Field experiment consist of three treatments. These are first treatment used the plastic Polyethylene (PE) with UV (Ultraviolet) protection (0 %. 6 % and 14 %). The second treament was determined the tilt angle between plastic cover and horizontal planar. The third treatment was flooring by used soil and grass. The expriment reveals that optimum condition for the plastic house that used plastic UV protection 14%, and use grass as the floor. Produce a optimum result in decreasing Tin for 2.9 % in plastic UV 14%, 2.7 % in β= 67o and 5.7 % in using grass as the floor. Spectrum of UV, PAR (Photosintetically Active Radiation) and IR (Infrared) that transmited from PE 14 % plastik 3.0 W/m2. 143.2 W/m2 and 192.8 W/m2 respectively. The other parameter that influence the temperature in plastic house is natural convection coeficient (hi) and ventilation coeficient (hv). For type Hexagonal plastic house hi and hv 1.5 W/m2.C, 50 W/m2.C respectively. For type Tunnel plastic house hi and hv 1.5 W/m2.oC and 55 W/m2.C respectively.

PERANAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM MENGENDALIKAN SUHU UDARA DAN URBAN HEAT ISLAND WILAYAH JABOTABEK (THE ROLE OF URBAN GREEN SPACE IN HARNESSING AIR TEMPERATURE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND. EXEMPLIFIED BY JABOTABEK AREA) Sobri Effendy; A. Bey; A.F. M. Zain; I. Santoso
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

This study attempts to develop a functional relationship between air temperature and urban green space using Landsat data. It also aims to estimate the contributions of various forcings, namely, urban green space, population density, urban area, and automobile densities on urban heat island. Subsequently, the impact of urban heat island on temperature humidity index will be assessed quantitatively, followed by surface energy budget analysis of Jabotabek area. Air temperature series are derived from Landsat data, including the NDVI which is used as the bases in generating urban green space of the study area. Principal Component Analysis is utilized in order to establish the relative importance of forcing variables on urban heat island; in order to simplify the structure of factor loadings a varimax rotation is carried out. It is found that air temperature and urban green space for the study area is best represented by a nonlinear equation when a maximum coefficient determination (R2adj) and a minimum standard deviation (S) are to be fulfilled. A 10 to 50% reduction in urban green space would bring air temperature to raise between 0,2 to 1,8 oC. It is interesting to note that this study reveals the same percentage increase in urban green space would only lower the temperature by 0,1 to 0,5 oC. Automobile density is found to be the most important forcing for urban heat island in Jakarta; on the other hand, urban green space is the most dominant forcing in Tangerang and Bekasi. Surface energy budget analysis indicated that the an increase of 1,0 oC in urban heat island would result in additional 80,3 and 69,0 Wm-2 sensible heat fluxes to submedium (G) and to air, respectively.

EFISIENSI KONVERSI ENERGI SURYA PADA TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) (RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY IN POTATO (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Agus Suryanto; Bambang Guritno; Yogi Sugito; Yonny Koesmaryono
Agromet Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Efisiensi penggunaan radiasi surya adalah nilai konversi radiasi surya menjadi energi kimia melalui proses fotosintesis. Nilai ini menunjukkan persentase berapa banyak energi radiasi yang diserap tanaman mampu diubah menjadi energi dalam bentuk kimia (Lawlor, 1993). Produksi berat kering berbagai tanaman rata-rata sekitar 1,4 g berat kering per MJ radiasi surya yang diserap tanaman atau dengan kata lain mempunyai nilai Efisiensi Konversi Energi (EKE 2,5) %. Pada tanaman kentang, dengan intensitas 2 GJ m-2 selama masa pertumbuhan 120 hari umumnya diperoleh nilai EKE 1,3 % (Jones, 1992)Sampai dengan tahun 2000 perkembangan luas panen tanaman kentang di Indonesia mencapai 73.068 ha, dengan total produksi 977.349 ton, atau produksi rata-rata per hektar berkisar 13,4 ton (BPS, 2000). Di Jawa Timur, Basuki et al. (1993) melaporkan, produktifitas 10 varietas kentang pada nilai ILD 1,26 – 3,93, berkisar 11 - 27 ton per hektar. Produksi ini apabila ditinjau dari sisi penangkapan energi surya, efisiensinya sangat rendah, karena menurut Haeder dan Beringer (1983), pada kisaran ILD tersebut semestinya dapat dihasilkan umbi kentang sekitar 20 – 50 ton per hektar. Kecenderungan hasil yang rendah ini disebabkan praktek budidaya tanaman yang kurang benar sehingga memberikan nilai konversi energi surya yang sangat tidak efisien, misalnya penggunaan jarak tanam yang terlalu lebar, penanaman tanaman pada saat musim hujan dimana banyak awan yang menghalangi radiasi surya, penanaman tanaman pada dataran tinggi yang cenderung berkabut, saat tanam tanpa memperhatikan fase pertumbuhan yang peka terhadap intensitas radiasi surya, dan lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan radiasi surya, berbagai cara dapat dilakukan. Sugito (1999) menyarankan beberapa cara perbaikan budidaya tanaman, diantaranya dengan mengurangi energi surya yang lolos pada pertanaman dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan energi surya yang jatuh pada kanopi tanaman, diantaranya dengan meningkatkan populasi tanaman. Haeder dan Beringer (1983) menambahkan peningkatan EKE dapat juga dilakukan dengan memilih kultivar yang berumur panjang dan pemilihan lokasi bersuhu 10 – 20 C dengan intensitas cahaya tinggi. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatkan efisiensi energi surya melalui pengaturan saat tanam, populasi tanaman serta penggunaan varietas yang potensial.

EVALUASI PRAKIRAAN CURAH HUJAN BMG: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU (EVALUATION OF BMG RAINFALL FORECASTING : CASE STUDY OF INDRAMAYU DISTRICT) . Suciantini; R. Boer; R. Hidayat
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Indramayu District is one of paddy production area in West Java and it’s contribution to total province production around 35%. This district is very prone to drought and flood, especially when ENSO events. Therefore, ability to predict season onset and rainfall characteristics is necessary. The objective of this research is to evaluate the accuracy BMG’s (Meteorology and Geophysic Agency)forecast and improve Climate Forecasting Zone (CFZ) of Indramayu. The evaluation used predicton and observation data from 1987-2001 for rainfall characteristics and 1995-2001 for season onset using Chi-Square test. Improvement CFZ of Indramayu was analyzed using Principle Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Result of Chi-Square test indicate that rainfall characteristic forecast is significantly different with observation. But, prediction of season onset is relatively well. Generally, accuracy of season onset forecast at CFZ-6 is 57,1%, while at CFZ-7 around 50-85,7%. Accuracy rainfall characteristics forecast is between 43,6 % 44.8 %. The accuracy is still lower caused of two primary factor. First, regional division of Indramayu CFZ only divide into two zone i.e. CFZ-6 and CFZ-7 is too rough, where CFZ-6 represent 122.025 ha and CFZ-7 represent 81.986 ha, and rainfall variance in the same CFZ is still high. Second, statistical model that used to predict season onset and rainfall characteristics still is not appropriate with data characteristic. Furthermore, the result indicate that CFZ in Indramayu should be divided into eight CFZ from six CFZ before. Test of monthly rainfall data in the same CFZ using general linear model indicate that number of station which not include to the same CFZ decrease with increase of CFZ from six to eight.

ANALISIS NERACA AIR UNTUK PENETAPAN PERIODE TANAM TANAMAN PANGAN DI PROPINSI BANTEN (ANALYSIS OF WATER BALANCE FOR DETERMINE GROWING PERIODS OF FOOD CROPS IN BANTEN PROVINCE) T. Hidayat; Yonny Kusmaryono; A. Pramudia
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Growing periods can be determined using water balance analysis to decrease harvest risk in certain area. Generally, there are two types of land use for crop, irrigated land and non-irrigated land. The experiment aims to determine growing periods of food crop in Banten Province. Modified method of Thornthwaite and Mather of bookkeeping system of water balance has been used base on decades data. Water balance analysis of irrigated land showed that in the area of Serang District has growing periods potencially of 140-170 days with growing periods starting from Dec2 till Jan1, but necessary need water supply from irrigation as amount 8.5-22.5 mm to growing rise twice a year or planted with other food crops after rice if no irrigation. Meanwhile in Tangerang District (Pakuhaji) and Pandeglang District (Pagelaran) has potency of 182-193 days of growing periods with starting on Sep3 at Pakuhaji and on Dec3 at Pagelaran. In these area rice can be planted twice a year without irrigation. Futhermore, for non-irrigation/land with monthly high rainfall, the analysis indicated that the area has potency of growing periods of 182 days as even through the year. Planting dates can be started from Oct1 till Dec1, with sequence of rice-rice or rice-rice-other food crops.

RESPON ANGGREK MOKARA CHARK KWAN TERHADAP PERBEDAAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA (LIGHT INTENSITY RESPONSE OF ORCHID MOKARA CHARK KWAN) A. D. Susanto; D. Widiyastoety; Y. Koesmaryono
Agromet Vol. 20 No. 1 (2006): June 2006
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Orchid plant response to light intensity is dependent to crop variety. Generally, epyphyte orchid need less light intensity compare to teresterial orchid. The experiment aim to analyse the response of Mokara Chark Kwan to reducing light intensity. Randomised BlockDesign has been employed using five types of net with five replication. The main asumption to analyse is that plant well growing with sufficient nutrient and homogen age. The results indicated that more reducing light intensity is more increment of plant height and width of leave. Reducing light intensity, however, is not influence flower initiation and formation.

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