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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27753670     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.37311/ijpe
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology
ndonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (IJPE) adalah junal resmi yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo yang bekerja sama dengan IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia) Provinsi Gorontalo. Artikel pada jurnal ini dapat diakses dan unduh secara online oleh publik (open access journal). Jurnal ini adalah jurnal peer-review nasional, yang terbit tiga kali dalam setahun tentang topik-topik keunggulan hasil penelitian di bidang pelayanan dan praktek kefarmasian, pengobatan masyarakat, teknologi kefarmasian serta disiplin ilmu kesehatan yang terkait erat. Jurnal ini menerima naskah berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Berikut merupakan area-area yang difokuskan oleh jurnal ini Farmasi Klinis Farmasi Komunitas Farmasetika Kimia Farmasi Farmakognosi Fitokimia Naskah yang terpilih untuk dipublikasikan di Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education akan dikirim ke reviewer yang pakar dibidangnya, yang tidak berafiliasi dengan lembaga yang sama dengan penulis dan dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan tim editor. Naskah yang diterima untuk publikasi adalah salinan yang diedit untuk tata bahasa, tanda baca, gaya cetak, dan format. Seluruh proses pengajuan naskah hingga keputusan akhir untuk penerbitan dilakukan secara online.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 111 Documents
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Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Minyak Argan (Argania spinosa L.) Dalam Bentuk Sediaan Mikroemulsi Nur Ain Thomas; Juliyanty Akuba; Mohammad Adam Mustapa; Adiva Sidangoli
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Januari-April 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i1.9951

Abstract

Argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) is an oil that has benefits as a natural antioxidant which is good for health. Microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable delivery system;  transparent;  has a small globule size and consists of a mixture of oil, water, surfactant and co-surfactant which has great potential in delivering dermal active substances by increasing transdermal permeability in topical drug delivery. This research aimed to formulate argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil into microemulsion dosage form and determine the antioxidant activity using DPPH method. The study began with the optimization of base into several concentration variations of surfactant and co-surfactant. The formula made into 7 namely F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 and F7, evaluated using organoleptic test and centrifugation test. The results showed the base of F6 which had the clear, transparent physical appearance and no separation occured. The F6 base was then made into microemulsion dosage with 3 concentration variations of argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil, namely F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%) and F3 (1.5%). The 3 formulas were tested for the physical stability which included pH test, viscosity test, centrifugation test and freeze-thaw test.  The testing of antioxidant activity carried out by in vitro using the DPPH method which then calculated for the IC50 value on t0 and t28. From the results of the physical stability test at room temperature and freeze-thaw, the 3 formulas met the organoleptic, pH and centrifugation tests. The antioxidant activity values of IC50 were F1 (t0 = 291.14 g/mL; t28 = 230.43 g/mL), F2 (t0 = 89.02 g/mL; t28 = 129.01 g/mL), F3 (t0 = 81.07 g/mL; t28 = 116.30 g/mL). The statistical test result of T test showed the p value = 0,896, (more than 0.05), which indicated that there was no significance difference in the antioxidant activity result between the 3 formulas on t0and t28.
UJI POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BATANG GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Sy. Pakaya, Mahdalena; Mustapa, Moh. Adam; Ali, Muthiah Rahmah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11417

Abstract

Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang paling utama di Indonesia maupun di negara-negara berkembang lainnya. Kontaminasi mikroba berkaitan dengan penyebab infeksi tersebut. Infeksi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan protozoa. Salah satu tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang berada di Indonesia adalah gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi ekstrak batang gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Dimana simplisia batang gaharu diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-Heksan, etil asetat dan metanol. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap 3 ekstrak tersebut yaitu ekstrak etil asetat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil skrining ekstrak etil asetat mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid dan tanin. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif yaitu Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO). Hasil Uji KHM ekstrak batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus yaitu pada konsentrasi 50% ditandai dengan tidak terjadi kekeruhan dan 50% untuk nilai KBM dimana tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri pada media Nutrien Agar (NA). Hasil Uji Potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 7,85 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 10,6 mm dan 13,45 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat. Sedangkan uji potensi ekstrak etil asetat batang gaharu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100 % dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan yaitu 8,1 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori sedang, 13,2 mm dan 16 mm dimana masuk dalam kategori kuat dalam menghambat bakteri. Infection disease is one of the most common health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia where the contamination of microbe is associated with the cause of the infection. The infection can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungus, and protozoa. Fortunately, Indonesia’s medicinal plant varies and one of which is agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii). This study aims at measuring the potential of agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii) stem extract towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the simplicial of agarwood stem is extracted by applying multilevel maceration method with n-Hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The result of antibacterial activity testing over three extracts reveals that the ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the result of screening in the ethyl acetate extract discovers that in contains alkaloid, terpenoid, and tannin, where the positive control used is chloramphenicol and the negative control is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The result of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test in the agarwood stem extract towards Escherichia coli dan  Staphylococcus aureus shows that the concentration of 50% is marked with absence of turbidity, whereas 50% in the Lowest Lethal Dose value signifies absence of growth in the bacteria in the Nutrient Agar (NA) media. Additionally, the result of potential test of agarwood stem ethyl acetate extract towards Escerichia coli in concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% with an inhibition zone created of 7,85 mm where it includes in medium category, and 10,6 mm and 13,45 mm that include in strong category. In the meantime, the result of potential test of agarwood stem ethyl acetate extract towards Staphylococcus aureus in concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% with an inhibition zone created of b,1 mm where it includes in medium category, and 13,2 mm and 16 mm that include in strong category in inhibiting bacteria.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN JANTUNG PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminafe L.) DENGAN METODE 1,1-DIPHENYL-2-PICRYLHIDRAZYL (DPPH) Dr. Widysusanti abdulkadir S.Si.,M.Si.,Apt; Dr. Apt. Hamsidar Hasan S.Si.,M.Si; ading ading alamsyah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 3 (2021): September-Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11371

Abstract

Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) has its own characteristics and is one of the local varieties of banana that is not widely known to people outside North Sulawesi. In addition, it is commonly used as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that can improve the function of layers of blood vessels, inhibit blood platelet aggregation where it can stimulate the production of Nitric Oxide, which causes the relaxation of blood vessels and can reduce the sensitivity of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to the effects of free radicals. Therefore, this research aims to determine the chemical content and antioxidant activity of Goroho Banana (Musa acuminafe L.) by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Besides, the extraction of samples is carried out by employing extraction graded with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. Findings reveal that Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe L.) peel extract contains Alkaloid and Flavonoid compounds. Meanwhile, the value of antioxidant activity indicates that the IC50 value for n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts are 6.38, 5.48, 5.11, 4.19 ug/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the IC50 value discloses that the antioxidant activity is in a strong category.
Hubungan Antara Kepatuhan Minum Obat (MMAS-8) Dan Kualitas Hidup (WHOQOL-BREF) Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Puskesmas Di Kota Bandung Dizky Ramadani Putri Papeo; Maria Immaculata; Iis Rukmawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Mei-Agustus 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11143

Abstract

Backgroumd: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is until now has not been able to be threated, i.e., because of patient non-adherence in taking anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) Objective: The objective of this research is  to study the relationship between patients adherence in taking ATD determined by MMAS-8 questionnaire with QoL of patient determined by WHOQOL questionnaire. Method: Tuberculosis patients who undergo treatment for at least 4 weeks are the subjects in this study. This study was conducted by a cross-sectional method using the MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire of tuberculosis patients at Ibrahim Adjiand Gumuruh primary health care during March - August 2018. Result: Based on MMAS-8 questionnaire filled out by 75 patients, there was 69% of high adherence, 15% moderate,  and 16% has low adherence in taking ATD. Of the 6 characteristic factors (i.e., age, sex, occupation, income, education and length of treatment), only gender (p0.01) and occupation (p0.03) factors that influence the patient adherence significantly. Based on MMAS-8 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire analyses, there is only psychological health aspect (domain two) that have a significant (p = 0.01) correlated with patient adherence. Conclusion: Based on the results,the psychological health of tuberculosis patients play an important role in patient adherence. 
Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dengan Penyakit Penyerta Di Rumah Sakit Otanaha Kota Gorontalo Nur Rasdianah; Faramita Hiola; A. Mu’thi Andy Suryadi; Athira Sri Wahyuni Gani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Januari-April 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i1.9953

Abstract

As the numbers of cases continue to soar, diabetes mellitus or DM is one the most common disease in Indonesia. The WHO predicts that in 2030, numbers of diabetics in Indonesia will rise up to 21.3 million people, compared to 8.4 million people in 2000. Regarding the treatment, most of diabetes cases are commonly treated with pharmacological therapy. In this regard, polypharmacy and medications-related problems might occur during the treatment to control blood glucose level that is concurrent with the treatment of other diseases. Drug Interaction is a common medication-related problem. The present study is aimed to investigate the cases of drug interaction in patients with type-2 DM with comorbid diseases during the period of January-December 2019 in Otanaha Hospital, Gorontalo. As based on the inclusion criteria, the study involved 92 patients with type-2 DM and comorbid disease involved combination of metformin-glimepiride (47%), insulin (19%), metformin (14%), and glimepiride (9%). Moreover, based on the observation, minor interaction occurred the most (47%), followed by moderat interaction (31%) and major interaction. To sum up, the cases of drug interaction in patients with type-2 DM and comorbid disease in Otanaha Hospital, Gorontalo are relatively high. It is further concluded that the pharmacist’s role is influential to supervise and monitor the patients medication intake.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT PADA SEDIAAN TABLET EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum.) Nur AIn Thomas; Widy Susanti Abdulkadir; Muhammad Taupik; Nur Oktaviana
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 3 (2021): September-Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i3.11667

Abstract

Lozenges are solid preparations made from aromatic and sweet taste that can dissolve slowly in the mouth, which are intended to treat infections in the mouth and throat. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is a binder that can be used in lozenges.This study attempted to examine the effect of the concentration of HPMC as a binder in the tablet preparation of red ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum) by wet granulation method. This study was a laboratory experimental study by comparing the three concentrations of HPMC binder used in each formula i.e., FI (4%), FII (5%), FIII (6%).The resulting tablets were tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, tablet friability and hedonic tests. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that with an increase in the concentration of the HPMC binder, the physical quality of the resulting tablet also increased. The higher the concentration of HPMC used, the better the uniformity of weight and the high level of tablet hardness. However, tablet friability will decrease. The results showed that the concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% had an effect on the tablet physical properties whichwas fragility. Further, formula II with a concentration of 5% had better tablet physical quality and was preferred by respondentsbased on hedonic tests.
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in The European Union Viviane Annisa; Jafar La Kilo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Januari-April 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.11781

Abstract

GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) regulations regulate how to work in laboratories, personnel training, standard operating procedures, software for data recording, documentation, etc. The main goal of GLP is to improve the quality of data testing so that each country can produce continuous and continuous testing of data, avoid repeated testing, and save time. The members of the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) are 29 countries around the world, including Asia-Pacific, America, and Europe. Adherence to the GLP can remove trade barriers between member countries. The GLP principles applied in the European Union are similar to those of the OECD, namely to improve the quality of testing valid data. This study aims to review about Good Laboratory Practice in European Union. The European Union adopted the GLP regulations in 1987. The amendments related to the GLP were carried out following the OECD in 1999. The EU regulatory regulations on GLP 'Directive 2004/9/EC' was later added 'Directive 88/320/EEC' explaining what was given to member states of the Union Europe to establish GLP inspections in each region and Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) requirements.  Non-clinical testing of medicinal products in accordance with the provisions of the GLP refers to the OECD and European Union legislation consisting of 'Directive 2004/10/EC' and 'Directive 2004/9/EC'.
Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Air Dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) Terhadap Larva Artemia Salina Leach Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Nuralifah Nuralifah; Parawansah Parawansah; Hasniana Nur
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Mei-Agustus 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11462

Abstract

A toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect of a substance on a biological system and to obtain typical dose-response data from the test preparation. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites from the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, characterization of gardenia leaf extract, and acute toxicity using the BSLT method against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by the color change method which included the alkaloid test, flavonoid test, tannin test, saponin test, and terpenoid test. Extract characterization tests include determination of water-soluble extract, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of water content, and determination of ash content. Acute toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.The results of the phytochemical screening test for the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves showed positive results on saponins, while the phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive results on alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The results of the characterization test on the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves were that the ethanol-soluble extract content was 20.19%, the water-soluble extract content was 23.17%, the water content was 99.13% and the ash content was 0.29%. Meanwhile, in the ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, the ethanol-soluble extract content was 60.80%, the water-soluble extract content was 57.14%, the water content was 7.87% and the ash content was 3.22%. The results show that gardenia leaves are not toxic with the LC50 value of the water extract of the gardenia leaves is 1399.64 g/mL and the LC50 value of the ethanolic extract of the gardenia leaves is 1080.96 so that it can be used as traditional medicine. 
Gambaran Pengelolaan Emergency Kit (Trolley) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Kabupaten Gorontalo Widysusanti Abdulkadir; Teti S. Tuloli; Adela Pakaya
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Januari-April 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v1i1.10122

Abstract

An emergency kit is life-saving drug storage that is immediately required for helping patients with a sudden decline in health status. Therefore, the management of an emergency kit should be taken into concern. This qualitative descriptive research is devoted to determining the management of the emergency kit (trolley) from the aspects of recording and reporting, arrangement, human resources, facilities, and infrastructure in Regional Public Hospital RSUD Hasri Ainun Habibie in 2019. The obtained data were analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 72 of 2016 Concerning Standards of Pharmaceutical Services in Hospitals and the Standard Operating Procedures of the hospital mentioned earlier. Further, this study involved pharmacy staff as the responsible person of the Trolley and Emergency Trolley themselves as the sample. The results indicate that the wards, in terms of the recording and reporting processes, have not reached good management. It is revealed that out of seven wards that provide emergency trolley, 100% of them have not fulfilled the sub-variable on recording the taking of emergency stocks in the aspect of recording and reporting; 100% have not satisfied the sub-variable on using the key of disposable trolley in the aspect of arrangement; in the aspect of human resources, 100% and 50% have not met the sub-variables on the signing of the handover letter and trolley locking, respectively, and 25% have done the gradual stocks checking; in the aspect of facilities and infrastructure, 100% have not fulfilled the sub-variable on disposable lock document.
Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid Pada Daun Bidara Arab (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis A. Mu’thi Andy Suryadi; Mohammad Adam Mustapa; Nur Khofifah Zahrah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Januari-April 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.11687

Abstract

Christ's torn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is a medicinal plant that has many benefits for curing or treating diarrhea, fever, and cancer. One of the compounds that play role is an alkaloid. This study was generated to identify the alkaloid compounds in the leaves of the Christ’s jujube torn using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Christ's torn jujube leaves were macerated using 3 types of solvents with different polarity levels i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. A Christ jujube leaf sample that was positive for alkaloids was found in the ethyl acetate extract; then identified using thin layer chromatography with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding 4 points with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. Furthermore, phytochemical screening of alkaloid compounds was carried out. Christ' torn jujube which were positive for alkaloids present in the ethyl acetate extract were identified using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8:2), yielding four spots with an Rf value of 0.25; 0.4 ; 0.52 ; and 0.62. The four spots were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, obtained a wavelength of 248 ; 268 ; 268 ; and 255. Based on the identification results on the leaf extract, each stain was suspected to contain cantin-6-one alkaloid compounds.

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