BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional)
Modern international law in the last few decades has experienced very rapid development, this is characterized by the emerge of the State in a modern sense, as well as a legal system that regulates relations between countries and international legal entities with each other. Relations between countries are no longer limited by absolute sovereignty, for example in the case of war crimes, the international community could sue countries or even individuals to be responsible for these actions based on universal principles. Recently, State practices is shifting from the hard law legal system to soft law which can be an alternative solution in breaking the deadlock when international political compromises are difficult to realize. Various international law development shows that there is a need for the international community to form a legal system that is acceptable to all parties, especially the State as a subject of international law par excellence. Therefore, the Belli ac Pacis Journal presents the multifarious developments in contemporary international law as a study of current State practices. The Belli ac Pacis Journal encompasses Public International Law, International Law of the Sea, International Humanitarian Law, International Environmental Law, International Criminal Law, International Organizational Law, International Dispute Settlement Law, Diplomatic Law, Air and Space Law, International Trade Organization Law, ASEAN Law, and International Economic Law.
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90 Documents
<![CDATA[STATUS TERORIS DALAM WAR ON TERROR (KAJIAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL) ]]>
<![CDATA[Ivan Fatoni Purnomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Lestari Rahayu]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 2, No 1 (2016): June, 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v2i1.27440
<![CDATA[This research aims to analyze the legal status of terrorists in the war on terror in the perspective of international humanitarian law and to describe whether or not the applicable of international humanitarian law and the laws in force in the war on terror. This research is a normative research viewed from prescriptive. The data used secondary, include primary and secondary law materials. The technique of collecting data is library research. The technique of data analyzes is deductive reasoning technique. The results of research showed that the status of the terrorists in the war on terror is based on international law as non-state actors is not legitimate. Terrorist status in the war on terror in international humanitarian law can be considered as civilians during not involved in combat. If the terrorists involved in the battle, the legal status becomes unlawful belligerent. Geneva Conventions 1949 and Additional Protocols I and II 1977 which is the main source of international humanitarian law can not be applied to the situation war on terror because war on terror is not included as an international armed conflict and non-international armed conflict. However, war on terror still have to respect the fundamental principles that form the basis of international humanitarian law. War on terror can use the relevant national laws relating to the sovereignty of a country.]]>
<![CDATA[PENERAPAN PRINSIP SHARED RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI UPAYA DALAM PENANGGULAN KEJAHATAN TRANSNASIONAL DI KAWASAN ASIA TENGGARA ]]>
<![CDATA[Jeanita Eka Aryanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Handojo Leksono]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 3, No 2 (2017): December, 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v3i2.27482
<![CDATA[This research aims to analysis the implementation of the principle of shared responsibility as an effort to combating transnational organized crime in the Southeast Asia. The principle of Shared Responsibility examines the underexplored problem of allocation of responsibilities among multiple states and other actors. This concept in necessary given the growing number of transnational crime that occurs in Southeast Asia. The research results showed that concept of shared responsibility consist of; 1) exchange Exchange of Criminal Information and Intelligence, 2) Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters/MLA, 3)Joint Investigation, 4) Joint Operation and 5) training and technical assistance. This research also examines the efforts of the Southeast Asian Nation to combat transnational crime. This research is the normative legal research is prescriptive and applied approach to the conceptual approach, statute approach and cases approach.]]>
<![CDATA[Precautionary Principle Dalam Kebijakan Kehutanan Riau ]]>
<![CDATA[Hikmah Bima Oditya]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Lestari Rahayu]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 4, No 2 (2018): December, 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v4i2.40013
<![CDATA[This research aims to explore how the precautionary principle should be applied in Riau forestry policy. Since its emergence in Germany in 1971, the precautionary principle holds a central position in the enforcement of the international environmental law. Nowadays, the precautionary principle is widely adopted in the international regulations, for instance: The law of climate change (UNFCCC). Indonesia is one of the countries that ratified the UNFCCC. Therefore, Indonesia has been bound by the obligations related to the substance of the convention. The high intensity of forest and land fires in Indonesia, especially in Riau Province, requires the government evaluated previous commitments and actions through a precautionary approach. The opportunity can be applied to several policy options that can be set forth in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the Paris Agreement 2015 regime which will be discussed later in this article.]]>
<![CDATA[KEJAHATAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL PADA MASA KONFLIK BERSENJATA BERDASARKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS ICC-02/05: SITUATION IN DARFUR, SUDAN) ]]>
<![CDATA[Revita Ernawati]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 6, No 1 (2020): June 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v6i1.59969
<![CDATA[This article examine the types of environmental crimes according to international law that occurred in Sudan during a non international armed conflict situation. The method of writing used in this legal research are statute approach, historical approach and conseptual approach. The environmental crime particularly as an international crime currently has no precise definition under international law. The prosecution of environmental crimes depend on national criminal law accordingly, whereas in the case of Sudan became difficult as the perpretrator is the controlling government. The question arises as to whether the environmental crimes that occured in Sudan can be categorized as international crimes based on the current existing threshold under international law. The result of this legal research shows that: First, environmental crimes that occured should be part of grave violations of humanitarian law, consisting of elements of actus reus and mens rea and have serious and severe impacts. Second, the Triple Cumulative Standard as the most common threshold of environmental destruction under humanitarian law will have several difficulties to be applied in this case. Third, the environmental crimes linked to the core crimes will have considerably more legal basis under international law rather than as a standalone crime.]]>
<![CDATA[BENTUK KEWAJIBAN NEGARA DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK ANAK BAGI ANAK YANG TERLIBAT DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA BERDASARKAN KONVENSI JENEWA 1949 DAN KONVENSI HAK ANAK 1989 (STUDI KASUS TENTARA ANAK DI MYANMAR) ]]>
<![CDATA[Ginanjar Ismu Solikhin]]>;
<![CDATA[Erna Dyah Kusumawati]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December, 2015 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v1i2.27400
<![CDATA[This research aims to determine and to explain Myanmar’s obligations under the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 to protect the rights of children. This research is a prescriptive normative legal research. This study uses the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. In addition this study uses Additional Protocol I and II 1977 and Optional Protocol 2000 as its primary legal sources. While literatures, experts oppinions, as well as law journals and study report are used as secondary law sources. The Sources were collected through literature study. The results show that Myanmar’s obligations to protect the rights of children in armed conflict has been regulated in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. Some of these obligations have been implemented by Myanmar as a State Regulation, among others, the establishment of national law: Section 374 of the Myanmar Penal Code concerning forced labour. In the military provisions, Myanmar has a regulation namely Directive No. 13/73 (1974) Myanmar Defence Services and War Office Council that sets the prohibition of military recruitment of Underage children. In terms of judicial assistance, Myanmar has formed the National Committee on Children's Rights in order to prevent the recruitment of children. But there are major obligations listed in the action plan which have not been fulfilled by Myanmar, Such as criminal prosecution for the recruiters of children to non-government armed groups, facilitate the UN for an access to all non-governmental armed groups registered for humanitarian purposes dialogue and also ensuring the implementation of the action plan.]]>
<![CDATA[INVESTIGASI PROPRIO MOTU TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HUKUM PERANG PADA KONFLIK ISRAEL PALESTINA DALAM OPERATION PROTECTIVE EDGE ]]>
<![CDATA[Riry Delany]]>;
<![CDATA[Diah Apriani Atika Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS Vol 3, No 1 (2017): June, 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v3i1.27466
<![CDATA[Non-governmental organizations which engaged in international human rights such as Human Rights Watch, found some facts about the violation of the law of war on the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine in a military operation called Operation Protective Edge. A number of Palestinian human rights organizations have collected the facts of the violations and submitted an investigation request to the ICC. Under Article 13 of the Rome Statute 1998, the International Criminal Court (ICC) or the International Criminal Court has three forms of authority to examine a dispute. One of them is through the initiative of the ICC Prosecutor or known as proprio motu. This paper will examine the issues in the request for investigation of proprio motu on alleged violations of the war committed by Israel.]]>
<![CDATA[THE LEGAL STATUS AND LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARDS CLIMATE REFUGEES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: A STUDY OF IOANE TEITIOTA CASE ]]>
<![CDATA[Najla Nur Fauziyah]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68785
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the legal status of climate refugees in international law according to the Ioane Teitiota case and how international law in general protects climate refugees. This study is a normative legal research. The types of approach used are statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The legal materials of this study comprise of primary, secondary, and tertiery legal materials. In collecting data this study used the library research data collection technique. The analysis technique used is the inductive reasoning method. The results of this study reveal that the 1951 Refugee Convention is unable to accommodate climate refugees. However, UN Human Rights Committee in its reccomendation acknowledges the effects of climate change as one of the determining factor for the affected persons to seek asylum in other countries which triggers the enforcement of non-refoulement principle. The protection under international law towards climate refugees derive from state obligation to comply with the non-refoulement principle, ad hoc aids from other states influenced by Nansen Initiative’s Protection Agenda, and the tangible protections provided by UNHCR and its cooperation with local authorities.]]>
<![CDATA[URGENSI KESELAMATAN NAVIGASI PADA PENGANGKUTAN KOMODITAS DI JALUR PELAYARAN DI KAWASAN ASIA-PASIFIK ]]>
<![CDATA[Aji Setiyo Kusumo]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68803
<![CDATA[This research aims to analyze the urgency of safety navigation procedures which play an important role in ensuring the safety of life at sea. Then, the author also analyzes the components of safety navigation procedures that have important role in the shipping sector in the Asia-Pacific Region. Where the level of intensity of shipping and international trade in the area is very high. This is normative research with a perspective using primary and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is a literature study which is equipped with a deduction technique to analyze the material. The results show that there are twelve navigation safety procedures that play an important role in ensuring the safety of life at sea. Where navigation safety procedures need to be understood, regulated, and further improved to improve efficiency, security and shipping safety. Therefore, navigational safety plays a very vital role in the field of transporting commodities at sea, especially in shipping lanes in the Asia-Pacific Region.]]>
<![CDATA[PENERAPAN ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS SEBAGAI LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN DIAJUKANNYA SENGKETA KE PENGADILAN ASING DALAM ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Cynitiya Scandi Sant]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 8, No 1 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v8i1.68763
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan penerapan anti-suit injunctions sebagai langkah pencegahan diajukannya sengketa ke pengadilan asing dalam arbitrase internasional yang berdasarkan dengan prinsip hukum umum, New York Convention, dan UNCITRAL Model Law. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersumber pada bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, serta menggunakan metode pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan teknik analisis data logika deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, permohonan anti-suit injunctions dipengaruhi oleh seat of arbitration (lex loci arbitri) dan exclusive jurisdiction dari perjanjian arbitrase antar-para pihak, disertai dengan pendapat para ahli hukum dari kasus terdahulu. Penerapan anti-suit injunctions juga dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana hukum suatu negara yang mengatur perjanjian antar-para pihak. Sehingga, setiap yurisdiksi negara memiliki pertimbangan dan putusan yang berbeda dalam memberikan permohonan anti-suit injunctions. Penelitian ini menganalisis permohonan anti-suit injunctions melalui studi kasus yang dibandingkan dari empat yurisdiksi yang berbeda di bawah sistem hukum common law dan civil law yaitu yurisdiksi Inggris berdasarkan kasus UAU v. HVB; yurisdiksi Amerika Serikat berdasarkan kasus CitiBank, N.A. v. Mazza; yurisdiksi Rusia berdasarkan kasus UralTransMash v. Pojazdy Szynowe PESA Bydgoszcz SA; dan yurisdiksi Republik Rakyat Cina berdasarkan kasus Xiaomi v. Inter Digital, Inc. ]]>
<![CDATA[SECURITY OF CHINA’S WARSHIP AND COAST GUARD ON ILLEGAL FISHING ACTIVITIES OF CHINA FISHERMAN IN SOUTH CHINA SEA REVIEWED FROM UNCLOS 1982 AND PRINCIPLE NON INTERVENTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Fauzan Rahmat Ananda]]>
<![CDATA[ BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret ]]>
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DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i2.68804
<![CDATA[This research aims to determine the security of China’s warship and coast guard on illegal fishing activities of China fisherman in South China Sea reviewed from UNCLOS 1982 and principle nonintervention, with the background of various illegal fishing incidents in the South China Sea which are often protected by Chinese warships and coast guard. This research was normative legal with case approach and statute approach. The data used secondary data. The characteristic used prescriptive legal research. The techniques in the gathering of legal materials in this research was library research. This research uses deduction methods of analysis techniques, namely stemming from the rule of law and legal facts and then drawn into conclusions. From this research showed that the security of China’s warship and coast guard on illegal fishing activities of their fisherman is an act that is contrary to international law, as reviewed from UNCLOS 1982 and principle non-intervention. ]]>
