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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER

ISSN : - EISSN : 23374888 DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i1

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU merupakan jurnal elektronik yang mempublikasikan karya ilmiah di bidang teknik kimia yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal ini tidak terbatas pada mahasiswa dan dosen Universitas Sumatera Utara, tetapi terbuka untuk mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti dari instansi lain.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)

Articles 297 Documents

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PENGARUH WAKTU SIMPAN FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKALNYA Fauzi Akbar; Zulisma Anita; Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the plasticizer glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin as a base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of storage time on the mechanical properties of plastic film biodegradation of starch cassava peel. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet plastic film that have been tested mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. Mechanical properties of plastic films will decrease every week due to the absorption of moisture and plasticizer migration occurs in a matrix of plastic films for storage.

KINETIKA REAKSI FERMENTASI ALKOHOL DARI BUAH SALAK Fatimah; Febrina Lia G; Lina Rahmasari G
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Research about bioethanol production from salak that are not marketable has been done. Salak containing 16.07% starch and 32.96% glucose, so that salak is potential to be converted into bioethanol by fermentation. This research aimed to study reaction kinetic of alcoholic fermentation that are the reaction kinetic of the hydrolysis of starch to glucose and fermentation of glucose to alcohol from salak by using Saccharomyces cereviseae. Hydrolysis of starch reaction containing two reaction rate controls that are chemical reaction and film diffusion. The results obtained for the hydrolysis reaction that the reacion rate constant is 1,41 x 10-11 and the film diffusion coefficient constant is 0,47 x 10-11 so the rate of the hydrolysis reaction is controlled by the film diffusion. Reaction rate constant for fermentation is 169,88. During the process of fermentation, the concentration of starch and glucose tended to decreased by time of fermentation and bioethanol concentration tended to increase by time of fermentation.

HUBUNGAN KETERGANTUNGAN PROSES ANTARA PROSES SPLITTING DAN DISTILASI PADA INDUSTRI OLEOKIMIA Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The normal production yield target of a fatty acid distillated products (FADP) or DPOFA (Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid)’s fail to be achieved, and lead to do a particular analysis and study - to solve the problem in industrial scale. The DPOFA’s manufactured through degumming, splitting and distillation processs. The production yield’s improved in this study by using trial and error method. The improved splitting degree (98 % minimum) helped much better DPOFA production yield - come to be 93 % (normal target). There are strong processes interrelationship between splitting and distillation process.

PENGARUH KATALIS NaOH PADA PROSES ISOLASI LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT Masdayani Rambe; Andi Nata; Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lot of fibers. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.

PEMANFAATAN BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI KOAGULAN PADA PROSES KOAGULASI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JAR TEST Riko Putra; Buyung Lebu; MHD Darwis Munthe; Ahmad Mulia Rambe
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

For a long time the use of moringa seed as waste rarely used, needs developing further to process liquid waste more economically and environmentally friendly. The research was done to find the effect of moringa seed as coagulant and the precipitation time to the turbidity decrease percentage, TSS and COD of liquid waste of whey industry by using the coagulation-flocculation method. The research variables are moringga seed dose (2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 mg/liter of liquid waste of whey industry), the precipitation time (50, 60 and 70 minutes) with the particle size of 50 mesh and pH used is pH of liquid waste of whey industry. The research used the jar test tool. The data analysis was done graphically. The result of the research showed that in the range of time the observation was done, the moringa seed dose as an optimal coagulant being 3000 mg/liter of the liquid waste of whey industry in the precipitation time of 50 minutes could set aside the turbidity over 89,42%, TTS over 98,73% and COD over 69,58%.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM UJI FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA Johannes Leonard S; Harry Abrido S; Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the composite types which is much produced is composite with powdered natural fiber filler. This research uses the used polypropylene matrix and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with ratio 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties especially towards lignin level, with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test on composite material used polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the used polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The FTIR test result, showed that –OH cluster switch occured, be seen from the shifting of absortion band from 3417.04 cm-1 to 3476.84 cm-1 for the powdered coconut fiber and the shifting of absortion band from 3343.75 cm-1 to 3192.33 cm-1 for the composite, which is the –OH cluster of the lignin.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG Zulisma Anita; Fauzi Akbar; Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Li YANG DI-DOPING KE DALAM KATALIS CaO TERHADAP REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT Muhammad Tarmidzi; Andre Y. Putra; Renita Manurung; Tjahjono Herawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The development of biodiesel which is derived from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) shows a risingtrend forpetroleum-based energy reserves are running low.Oil palm is the largestplantation commodity in Indonesia, so, it has high potential as raw material of biodiesel.Transesterification is a reaction of producingbiodiesel (methyl ester). Nevertheless, CPO is easy to be degraded byhydrolysis, so, it couldincrease the amount of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content which hampers transesterification process. As a consequence, there is formation of soaps as side product. Tomaximize the production of biodiesel which is derived frompalm oil that contains of large amount of FFA (low grade CPO) one of the waysis by applying catalyst through doped-process. This research is held togive information about the effect of Li+ion concentration (inLiNO3 form) which is doped to calcium oxide (CaO) to palm oil transesterification with the large amount ofFFA to produce methyl ester, attemperature of 120oC,the ratio of methanol:CPO = 12:1 (mol/mol), catalyst amount 2,5% (w/w) CPO, for 3,5 hours and usespressured reactor. The variable of research is Liconcentration that isdoped to CaO with concentration: 0%, 1% and 4% (w/w) CaO. The parameter test is methyl ester content that is derived from the result of transesterification with GasChromatography (GC) analysis. The research shows that Li+ion that is doped to CaO catalyst could increase the reaction of methyl ester production which is derived from low grade CPO with FFA>3,5 %, in which the finest of Liconcentration that is doped to CaO is 1%, with result of 90,88% methyl ester.

PEMBUATAN ETIL ASETAT DARI HASIL HIDROLISIS, FERMENTASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI KULIT PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca L.) Sari Liza Azura Nst; Reni Sutri; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid, colorless, smelling typical which commonly used as a flavor enhancer. Banana peels contain high valuable components, such as carbohydrates, vitamin C, calcium and other nutrients. The purpose of this study was to utilize the ‘raja’ banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca L.) in the making of ethyl acetate. Variations in this experiment is comparison of raw materials and water 1: 4; 1: 7; 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC, 60oC, 70oC. At first banana peel was scraped, dried and mashed to make banana peel powder.The content of carbohydrates in the ’Raja’ banana peel powder is 45.21% (w/w). Banana peel powder was hydrolyzed into water for 180 minutes using acid hydrocloric acid as catalist. The hydrolysis product was fermented for 24 hours using instant yeast 'Fermipan' and then was distilled. The Distillation product was esterified with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as catalyst for 15 minutes at 60°C. The influence of various process variables were observed in this experiment. The maximum ethyl acetate yield was obtained 70.377% at condition of raw materials and water ratio = 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC. The results obtained in this experiment showed that the ‘raja’ banana peel can be used as an alternative raw material which low cost and easy to obtain to produce ethyl acetate.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN LIMBAH PADAT DAN CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) DENGAN STARTER KOTORAN SAPI Syervy Tanata; Mimi Richell Gunawan; Setiaty Pandia
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The waste from tapioca industry is classified as an organic waste that contains many important compounds such as carbohydrate, protein and glucose. The research is aimed to know the quality of biogas from cassava pulp combined with waste water from the cassava starch industry using batch anaerobic digester system. The research began by mixing the solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry at ratio 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; and 30:70 (w/w) with starter from solid waste of cattle in a batch anaerobic digester. From this research, the optimum percentage reduction of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) was 76,2289% at ratio of solid and liquid waste was 70:30 (w/w).

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Rondang Tambun

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