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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i2.xxx
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 783 Documents
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Fungal Community of Culturable Fungal Endophytes Associated with Cinchona calisaya Collected from Gambung, West Java, Indonesia Hidayat, Iman; Radiastuti, Nani; Rahayu, Gayuh; Okane, Izumi
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Previous studies regarding endophytic fungi associated with Cinchona were focused on the analysis of quinine and related fungal metabolites. In the current study, the community structure of culturable endophytic fungi associated with C. calisaya (i.e., leaf, petiole, twig, root, flower, and fruit) were analyzed and elucidated. Representative isolates from various morphotypes were identified based on a sequence generated from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA region. A total of 638 fungal strains were isolated from 700 plant segments. All isolates belong to the phylum Ascomycota and are dominated by a member of Sordariomycetes. The fungal endophyte community within C. cali-saya consists of 23 known species, 10 species complexes, and 6 unidentified species. Based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the leaves and fruits host the most diverse endophytic fungi, followed by twigs, petioles, and bark. Members of the genus Diaporthe are commonly found in all C. calisaya organs. Neofussicoccum sp. was only one found within twigs; the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex and Guignardia mangiferae were only found within leaves; the C. brasiliense complex was detected in flowers; and Fusarium oxysporum is specific to roots.
Effect of Nrg1 Repressor on NTH1 Transcription and Molecular Docking of Nrg1 on NTH1 Promoter Genç, Tülay Turgut; Doğan, Gamze
Makara Journal of Science
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The amount of intracellular trehalose increases in response to environmental stress in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). When that stress is terminated, the accumulated trehalose rapidly degrades into glucose rapidly. Synthesis of trehalose is fulfilled by the Trehalose Phosphate Synthase (TPS) enzyme complex, whereas the degradation of trehalose is done by the neutral trehalase enzyme. Under different stress conditions, transcription of the NTH1 gene is activated and Stress Response Elements (STRE) are required for this activation. Nrg1 protein can bind promoters including STRE and PDS elements. Because of the presence of three possible Nrg1 repressor binding sites on the NTH1 promoter, the NTH1 gene may be regulated by the Nrg1 repressor. In order to test this hypothesis, Δnrg1 mutant yeast and its isogenic wild-type yeast strain were used to analyze the transcriptional activation of the NTH1 gene under nitrogen starving conditions. Nth1 transcription of the mutant yeast was seven-fold higher than that of the wild-type under growth conditions, and was not changed during nitrogen starvation. The protein-DNA docking analysis also supported the possibility of Nrg1 binding to the NTH1 promoter. These results revealed that NTH1 gene expression is constitutive in the absence of the Nrg1 repressor protein, hence the transcription of NTH1 is repressed by the Nrg1 protein.
Characterization of Exon and Intron of Defensin 1 Gene in Apis cerana and Apis dorsata Alfiyan, Achmad; Raffiudin, Rika; Astuti, Rika Indri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 3
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Honey bee defensin 1 gene belongs to the class of immunity genes in this social insect. The peptide acts as a defensive mechanism against infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to characterize exon 2, intron 2, and exon 3 of defensin 1 gene in both the Indonesian honey bees Apis cerana and A. dorsata. First, defensin 1 genes of A. cerana and A. dorsata were sequenced, after which a bioinformatic analysis was conducted. The amplified length of these defensin 1 genes of A. cerana and A. dorsata were 479 and 458 bp, respectively, and their putative amino acid sequences comprised 66 and 65 amino acids, respectively, with 6 cysteine residues. The cysteine residues formed a disulfide bond and then linked the three domains in the defensin peptide with each other, thereby allowing the lysis of the bacterial membrane through pore formation. Intron 2 of the defensin gene demonstrated nucleotide variations between A. cerana from Indonesia and that from Korea and between A. dorsata from Indonesia and that from Malaysia; the latter species also demonstrated variations in exon 3. Phylogenetic tree topology of the bee, which was constructed based on defensin 1 gene, was compatible with a previous study showing that A. cerana and A. dorsata are more closely related to A. mellifera than to A. florea.
The Use of Molecular Markers to Analyze the Genetic Diversity of Indonesian Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Varieties Based on Anthracnose Resistance Nugroho, Kristianto; Terryana, Rerenstradika T.; Manzila, Ifa; Priyatno, Tri Puji; Lestari, Puji
Makara Journal of Science
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Anthracnose is an important disease affecting the pepper plant and can lead to significant decreases in harvest yield. In this study, the genetic diversity of Indonesian pepper varieties was analyzed based on anthracnose resistance using molecular markers. DNA collected from 15 pepper varieties belonging to two species—Capsicum annuum L. and C. frutescens L.—was amplified using 14 molecular markers. The fungal isolate Colletotrichum capsici was inoculated into ripe harvested pepper fruits to observe their resistance to anthracnose as indicated by lesion size. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 15 pepper varieties could be classified into two major clusters with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.63, and the pepper varieties exhibited varying degrees of resistance to anthracnose based on lesion size. Using the molecular markers, we were able to differentiate the species of pepper varieties, but not their resistance to anthracnose. All markers used in this study were confirmed to be highly informative (PIC > 0.5), suggesting their potential use in genetic studies on peppers. The marker GPMS29 was found to be significantly associated (P < 0.05) with anthracnose resistance. This information about the genetic diversity of peppers—along with the molecular markers used in our study—could prove to be useful in the further development of breeding programs of pepper plants in terms of anthracnose resistance in Indonesia.
Investigation of the Efficiency of Drying Conditions for Essential Oil Produc-tion from Aromatic Plants Özgüven, Menşure; Gülseren, Gülcihan; Müller, Joachim
Makara Journal of Science
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The active components of aromatic medicinal plants have extensive applications in many disciplines. These essential oil components are extracted from medicinal plants, and the removal of water is a critical step of this process. Different drying methods have been developed to produce high-quality and high-quantity products. In this study, different drying methods were investigated with respect to their effects on herbal oil content. Two distinct aromatic plants, i.e., Thymus vulgaris L. and Mentha citrata Ehrh., were selected for physical and chemical analyses. To understand and elucidate the importance of method selection, the relationship between parameters, such as moisture content and drying time, was correlated with essential oil recovery and active ingredient levels. Recently, solar tunnel drying emerged as a novel technique with various advantages. We implemented this technique to analyze its effectiveness on the removal of water from different plant species. Our recent findings from essential oil and humidity content analyses showed that T. vulgaris L. is a more suitable candidate for the solar tunnel drying process than M. citrata Ehrh. Solar tunnel and oven drying have been determined to be the best dehumidification methods for both plant species. The differences between these drying methods were not significant for M. citrata Ehrh. By contrast, these drying methods can cause significant variations in the oil content of T. vulgaris L. Essential oil compositions have also been observed to be dependent on the drying conditions. These results indicated the significance of method selection in obtaining products with high yield.
Reaction Products of Crude Palm Oil-based Fatty Acids and Monoethanolamine as Corrosion Inhibitors of Carbon Steel Ali, Mohamad Makrus; Irawadi, Tun Tedja; Darmawan, Noviyan; Khotib, Mohammad; Mas’ud, Zainal Alim
Makara Journal of Science
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Herein we report the application of the reaction products of crude palm oil-based fatty acids and monoethanolamine as sustainable corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments for carbon steels. Reaction products were identified based on FTIR analysis as a mixture of 2-aminoethyl fatty esters and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amides. Corrosion inhibition effect of these compounds was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization techniques in 0.5 M HCl. The mixture of fatty esters and fatty amides showed promising potential as an alternative corrosion inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency was found to be 80% at 80 ppm. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained from the tafel plot displayed an increase in activation energy with a higher inhibitor concentration that led to the decrease in the corrosion rate. Furthermore, physisorption interaction was found to be the main process of the inhibitor’s adsorption on metal surfaces and obeyed the adsorption model of the Langmuir isotherm.
Catalytic Cracking of Used Cooking Oil Using Cobalt-impregnated Carbon Catalysts Prabasari, Ira Galih; Sarip, Rozie; Rahmayani, Suci; Nazarudin,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 3
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This study investigated the cracking of used cooking oil using cobalt-impregnated carbon catalysts (Co-carbon) to produce biofuel. Carbon was impregnated with cobalt at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% to produce Co-carbon catalysts. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the amorphous nature of the catalysts. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of cobalt into carbon at levels of 4.46%, 6.74%, and 0.86% and further revealed that the Co-carbon catalysts contained pores and that each of them was slightly unique. The cracking procedure was conducted at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. Analysis of the catalytic cracking products revealed that the highest liquid oil fraction was obtained by catalytic cracking at 500°C using 1% Co-carbon catalyst, which also provided the lowest activation energy (Ea). Catalytic cracking using 3% Co-carbon provided the highest yield of diesel oil (C12–C18) in the product.
Effect of Applied Pressure During Sintering on the Densification and Mechanical Properties of SiCf/SiC Composites Prepared by Electrophoretic Infiltration Noviyanto, Alfian
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 4
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SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC matrix ceramic (SiCf/SiC) composites were successfully fabricated by electrophoretic infiltration and sintering at various applied pressures. The effect of applied pressure (i.e., 5, 10, and 20 MPa) was thoroughly examined, and applied pressure appears to influence the densification and mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites. The densities of SiCf/SiC composites prepared at applied pressure of 5, 10, and 20 MPa were 2.99, 3.10, and 3.16 g/cm3, respectively. All samples showed dense microstructures in their matrix areas; however, many closed pores were found with increasing pressure. Pressure induced densification in the fiber area, and 20 MPa was determined to be the minimum pressure required for adequate densification. The liquid phase in the matrix area was effectively maintained at a high applied pressure, which resulted in densification. However, the liquid phase redistributed to the matrix or near the matrix area at applied pressures of MPa, leading to pores in the fiber areas of these samples. The highest flexural strength of 262 ± 18 MPa for the SiCf/SiC composite was achieved at an applied pressure of 20 MPa. Meanwhile, the flexural strengths of the composites prepared at 5 and 10 MPa were 198 ± 41 and 238 ± 32 MPa, respectively.
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Activity of Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioi-des) Leaf Extract in Rats Consuming Arak Jembrana Widayanti, Ni Putu; Laksmita W, Ayu Saka; Apriyanthi, Desak Putu Risky Vidika; Arijana, I G K Nyoman
Makara Journal of Science
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The present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) leaf extract to inhibiting lipid peroxidation by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the blood plasma of rats consuming arak Jembrana. The process of making sintrong leaf extract used 96% ethanol with maceration techniques. In vivo testing used five groups: (1) a control group, (2) treatment with arak, (3) treatment with arak followed by extract at a dose of 37.5 mg/kgBW, (4) treatment with arak followed by extract at a dose of 50 mg/kgBW, and (5) treatment with arak followed by extract at a dose of 75 mg/kgBW. As much as 1 cc/day of arak was provided for seven days. The extract treatment at a dose of 37.5 mg/kgBW decreased the MDA level from 21.24 nmol/L to 16.33 nmol/L. Based on a Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSDa) test, this treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group (normal condition).
Water Quality Assessment in The Occurrence of Acanthaster spp. (Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, CoTS) on Coral Reefs in Menjangan Island, Bali, Indonesia Pradisty, Novia Arinda; Ampou, Eghbert Elvan; Hanintyo, Rizki
Makara Journal of Science
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Aquatic stressors are known to cause biological impairment that can result in biodiversity loss in several Marine Protected Areas (MPA), including in Menjangan Island, West Bali National Park. The objectives of this study were to correlate the changes in water quality parameters with the biological effect of Crown-of-Thorns starfish (CoTS) population dynamics and to assess the most applicable parameters for continuous environmental monitoring. Field observations and surveys were conducted three times in 2017, during the wet season, dry season and season transition, in order to assess the effect of seasonal variability. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the relationship between water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate, and chlorophyll-a) and phytoplankton as the indicator of CoTS larvae food supply. The results demonstrate that salinity, turbidity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are responsible for the 47.7% of phytoplankton variation, which supports the hypothesis of nutrient enrichment as the trigger of CoTS population increase. CoTS outbreak is predicted to occur during the wet season, in areas with high salinity, moderate turbidity, and high DIN, so the outbreak may be related to a high rainfall rate that deliver a high nutrient loading on this region and thus management actions can be initiated during this specific period.

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