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Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 498 Documents

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Pergeseran Komposisi Gulma pada Perbedaan Proporsi Populasi Jagung dan Kacang Tanah dalam Tumpangsari pada Regosol Sleman Paulus Pasau, Prapto Yudono, dan Abdul Syukur
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

INTISARIKajian komunitas gulma dalam sistim tanam tumpangsari antara jagung dan kacang tanah ditujukan untuk mengetahui dinamika komunitas gulma dalam sistim pertanaman tumpangsari dan efisiensi pemanfaatan lahan. Sistim tanam tumpangsari pada tumpanggilir jagung dan kacang tanah menyebabkan perubahan komunitas gulma dan jenis-jenis gulma dominan dari gulma tekian dan rumputan menjadi gulma berdaun lebar. Komunitas gulma yang tumbuh pada tanaman jagung monokultur berbeda dengan komunitas gulma yang tumbuh pada sistim monokultur kacang tanah dan tumpangsari jagung-kacang tanah. Percobaan dilakukan secara tumpanggilir jagung dan kacang tanah Percobaan dilakukan di lapangan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan lima perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan yang dicoba terdiri dari p0 (monokultur kacang tanah), p1 (75% kacang tanah + 25% jagung), p2 (50% kacang tanah + 50% jagung), p3 ( 25% kacang tanah + 75% jagung) dan p4 (monokultur jagung).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpangsari kacang tanah dan jagung menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran gulma, yang semula lahan didominasi golongan rerumputan pada umur 3 MSTK (minggu setelah tanam kacang tanah), bergeser menjadi gulma tekian pada umur 6 MSTK, gulma daun lebar pada saat panen.Kata kunci: gulma, pergeseran ,tumpangsari, populasi

Pengaruh Abu Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Ketersediaan K di Tanah dan Serapan K pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao Sitti Risnah, Prapto Yudono, dan Abdul Syukur
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

INTISARIPeningkatkan produksi kakao dengan upaya ektensifikasi pada lahan marginal terus dilakukan, kegiatan pemupukan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah guna peningkatan produksi kakao terkendala dengan harga pupuk yang mahal dan kelangkaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alternatif sebagai pengganti pupuk berupa pupuk organik yang berasal dari limbah tanaman. Alternatif untuk mengganti pupuk KCl adalah dengan abu sabut kelapa yang memiliki kandungan K yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian abu sabut kelapa terhadap ketersediaan K dalam tanah dan untuk mengetahui serapan K pada pertumbuhan bibit kakao.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Tridarma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Februari – Juni 2012. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal yang terdiri enam perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. A01(kontrol 1) = KCl 100% rekomendasi, A02 (kontrol 2) = tanpa pupuk abu dan KCl, A1 = abu sabut kelapa setara 50% rekomendasi KCl, A2 = abu sabut kelapa setara 100% rekomendasi KCl, A3 = abu sabut kelapa setara 150% rekomendasi KCl, A4 = abu sabut kelapa setara 200% rekomendasi KCl. Keseluruhan terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Dilakukan analisis awal pada tanah dan abu sabut kelapa. Parameter pengamatan meliputi kesuburan tanah setelah inkubasi (pH, BO, KPK dan K tersedia tanah), kesuburan tanah setelah tanam (K tersedia dan pH tanah), serapan K. analisis dilakukan dengan sidik ragam pada uji jarak ganda Duncan taraf 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 200% abu sabut kelapa efektif meningkatkan K tersedia tanah hingga umur 4 bulan setelah tanam. tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan 150% abu sabut kelapa. Perlakuan 200% abu sabut kelapa (39,25 g ) memperlihatkan ketersediaan K dalam tanah tetap tinggi pada 4 bulan setelah tanam tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan 150% (29,44 g) dan 100% (19,64 g) abu sabut kelapa. Dosis 200% (39,25 g) abu sabut kelapa menunjukkan serapan K tertinggi namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan dosis 150% (29,44 g) dan 100% (19,64g) abu sabut kelapa.Kata Kunci : abu sabut kelapa, ketersedian, pertumbuhan, bibit kakao

Side Grafting of Unproductive Cocoa : Socio-Economic and Ecological Impact Taryono and Dyah Weny Respatie
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTCocoa is a tree of the humid lowland tropics produced largely by small farmers, therefore in developing countries it can be used to generate farmer’s income, provide labor employment and conserve environment. At the last decade, the cocoa productivity, the size and quality of beans in Indonesia significantly tend to decline due to the ageing of the tree, poor farming maintenance practice, planting of low yielding variety and ravages caused by pest and diseases. Such declining affects the price and the farmer’s income, and farmers respond by leaving the plantation, replacing with food crops or oil palm, and increasing forest clearing which will threaten the environment. Such problem can be addressed by increasing the long term cocoa productivity of existing farms through side grafting of unproductive cocoa trees with genetically improved varieties. In 2008, it was reported that there are around 235.000 ha of unproductive cocoa that can be improved though side grafting. There was almost 90.000 ha that has been side grafted in 2009 and 2010 by the government support, and in 2011 evaluation through focus group discussion has been carried out. Side grafting with recommended varieties normalizes the cocoa growth, and cures the diseases. With a recommended cultivation technique, the productivity increases twice which followed by improve seed size. These result probably will gives an impact not only on the income but also farmer’s future. Several farmers informed that they will not demolish their cocoa farm or even clear new land for crop food. Normal growth of cocoa and stopping opening new land will have a positive effect to the environment especially in mitigating climate change. Keywords: side grafting, cocoa

The Use of Gliphosate Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Residue of Corn Muhammad Danang Faqihhudin, Haryadi, dan Heni Purnamawati
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of glyphosate herbicides on growth and yield of corn. This experiments was conducted at Sindang Barang Farm, Bogor from April to August 2013. This experiment used a Randomized Block Design with one factor namely dose of active ingredient glyphosate herbicide. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments such as control, and herbicide with doses 3, 4, 5, and 6 l ha-1. Plot size was 4 x 4 m, with plant spacing of 70 x 20 cm. Plots were treated on week before planting. Growth and yield of corn were influenced by herbicide treatments. Herbicide treatment at doses of 4 l ha-1 to produce seed growth, number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area the highest compared with other treatments. Similiar results also occur in the yield parameters of corn. Increased herbicide doses above 4 l ha-1 lower the better outcomes observed that variable growth and yield of corn. Based on glyphosate residue analysis indicated that each treatments contained residues of glyphosate. Herbicide treatment doses of 6 l ha-1 showed the highest residual value compared with other treatments. Based on glyphosate residue analysis in this research is still below the minimum limits of residue.

Performance of Agro-Morphology and Genetic Parameter of 12 Rice Genotypes at Lowland Rice Irrigation Bambang Sutaryo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTResearch to study performance of agro-morfology and genetic parameters of twelve rice genotypes at lowland rice irrigation was conducted at Giripeni, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, during the wet season of November 2011 to February 2012. Twelve rice genotypess, namely Inpari 1, Inpari 2, Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 5, Inpari 6, Inpari 7, Ciherang, Dodokan, Silugonggo, Situ Bagendit, and IR64 were arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Seedling of 15 days was planted in legowo 4:1, with one seedling per hill, spacing of 25 x 12,5 x 50 cm, in plot size of 5 x 10 m2. Time application and dosage of fertilizer were :1) Three days before planting with 2 t/ha organic, 2) Five days after planting with 300 kg/ha Phonska, 3) At 21 days after planting with 100 kg Urea/ha; and 4) At 35 days after planting with 100 kg Urea/ha. Data indicated that Inpari 3, Inpari 5 and Inpari 1 yielded 7.55; 7.44; and 6.98 t ha -1 respectively, and significantly higher than that of the best check variety Ciherang (6.26 t ha-1 ). Broad genetic variabilities were found for grain yield, panicle number per hill, filled grain per panicle, and total grain per panicle. High heritability estimate was found for 1000-grain weight, filled grain per panicle, total grain per panicle, panicle number per hill, plant height, and maturity. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between filled grain per panicle and yield, total grain per panicle and yield, and panicle number per hill and yield showed significantly different.Key words : agro-morphology, genetic parameter, rice genotype, lowland irrigation

Physiological Characters and Yield of Tea Shoots at Some Age of Production Pruning and Altitude Retno Muningsih, Didik Indradewa, dan Endang Sulistyaningsih
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACT Altitude in the tea plantation effect physiological processes of the tea plants. That will effect pruning time of tea plant. Therefore, this research is carried out to find: 1) Physiological process of tea plant grow in different ages of pruning and altitudes, 2) Optimum age of pruning at differentaltitude. The research was carried out in tea plantation in Inti PT Pagilaran Batang from July to November 2010. The research was conducted in Oversite design using 2 factor, hight place of plantation area (altitude) i.e 700-900 m asl (above sea level), 900-1100 m asl, 1100-1350 m asl and age of prune i.e 1-year after pruning, 2-years after pruning, 3-years after pruning and 4-years after pruning. All the combination treatment was replicated in 3 blocks. The observation were done on several variable of physiologi, growth and yield.All data were analyzed by variant analysis of oversite (multilocation) levels of 5%, followed by Duncant multiple range test level of 5% if there was significantly different in varian analysis.The results showed that at an The 3-years after pruning tea plants showed the lowest characters in fresh and dry shoot weight. Its pointed out bynumber of accumulative pecco shootthan 1, 2 and 4-years after pruning. Then in altitude of 900-1100 m asl and 1100-1350 m asl the 3-years after pruningthe tea plants showed the higher characters in fresh and dry shoot weight.Its pointed out by number of accumulative peccoshootthan the age of 1, 2 and 4-years after pruning.Decline in crop production occurs at the age of 4-years after pruning, marked by number of accumulative pecco shoots, weight per pecco shoot and length of internodia is lower.Key words: tea, pruning, altitude, ecophysiology of tea

Adventitious Root Characteristics of Some Assamica Tea Clones (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntz) Taryono, Sriyanto Waluyo, and Sholehan
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTTea is multiplied either through generative or vegetative propagation systems. Vegetative propagation is limited by several factors such as poor survival rate at nursery due to poor root formation of some clones and seasonal dependent rooting ability of cutting, however root system plays an important role in regulating of water uptake and absorb nutrient from the soil. Root formation was believed under genetically control, therefore the objective of this research is to characterize genetically the adventitious root of some tea clones. Seven clones were explored to study the adventitious root formation through the improvement of rooting media. The result showed that (1) improvement of root quality of tea through adding rooting media with plant growth regulators seemed difficult to be implemented, (2). Rooting of tea cutting is under genetic control, (3) effort to improve root quality of tea through breeding approach looked visible in the future.Keyword : assamica tea, root, characters

The Implementation of Geographic Information System for Agricultural Commodities Data Inventory and Land Condition Information in Kudus Regency Zed Nahdi, Hendy Hendro HS, Hadi Supriyo, Solekhan
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTIndonesia as an agricultural country needs to ensure the provision of sustainable agricultural land as the main source of income for the majority of its people by fostering the implementation of the principles of efficiency, sustainability, and self-reliance as well as environmentally sound in agricultural land-use. On the other hand, the high population growth of the country (1.4 to 1.5% per year) as well as the economic and industrial development resulted in the degradation and conversion of agricultural lands that hamper the carrying capacity nationally in maintaining independence and food security.Based on this background, system and methodology developed land suitability mapping using spatial and temporal approach. The goals to be achieved is, first of agricultural land suitability analysis is based on the type of agricultural commodities and climate information, both the alignment evaluation of agricultural land use and spatial planning of the area, the third degradation analysis and mapping of agricultural areas based on data for 1990-2010, the four evaluation Spatial Plan (Spatial), and fifth strategies and policies appropriate to the land use for sustainable agriculture and backup. The methods used in this study include descriptive survey, analysis of spatial and temporal data using statistics G*. Range of values used for the classification of documents using agroecological zone guidelines. Keywords: modeling, mapping, spatial, temporal, G * statistic.

Genetic Variability of Rice Pericarp Color Parameters and Total Anthocyanine Content of Eleven Local Black Rice and Their Correlation Kristamtini, Taryono, Panjisakti Basunanda, dan Rudi Hari Murti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

ABSTRACTBlack rice starts to be consumed as functional food due to high anthocyanine content which functioned as an antioxidant. The different in an existing name is predicted due to the pericarp color differences which are from light to heavy black. It is therefore that morphological characteristics observation of pericarp color is required. This study aimed to identify genetic variability of 11 Indonesian local cultivar of black rice based on pericarp color parameters and total anthocyanine content, even their correlations. L*, a*, b* color parameters were observed using Chroma Meter - Konica Minolta – Minolta CM-2006, and white standard color was used for calibration, whereas total anthocyanine content was measured based on absorbent value of grinded rice grains using 535 nm wavelength of spectrophotometer. Color parameters and total anthocyanine content data were analyzed using analysis variance to estimate Genetics Variability Coefficient and cluster analysis to know the similarity among these local cultivars of black rice. The result showed that b* color variable and total anthocyanine content indicate broad genetic variability, whereas L* and a* color variables depict narrow genetic variability. There were 3 different groups of black rice based on L*, a* and b* color parameters and total anthocyanine content. These were Cempo ireng; Banjarnegara, Banjarnegara-Wonosobo, Magelang berbulu, Magelang tak berbulu, Nusa Tenggara Timur and Pari Ireng; and Sragen, Jlitheng, Bantul and Melik groups. Positive significant correlation was observed between L*, a*, b* color parameters, and there was negative significant correlation between total anthocyanine content and L*, a*, dan b* color parameters. Key words: genetic variability, pericap colour parameters, total anthocianin content, local black rice

Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit pada Tanah Gambut Berbagai Ketinggian Genangan Holidi Aminudin; Etty Safriyani; Warjiyanto Warjiyanto; Sutejo Sutejo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 18, No 3 (2015): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

The area of dry land for plantation cultivation is limited, so peatland would be an alternative development. Adaptation of plant oil palm on the long inundation need to be investigated. This study aims to determine the growth response of oil palm seedlings in peat with some duration of flooding. The research was conducted in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Musi Rawas at an altitude of 110 m above sea level on March to June 2014. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) consists of six treatments and four replications. Treatment includes without flooding, duration of flooding 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days. The results showed that oil palm seedlings can survive up to 50 days of flooding. Long flooding inhibits the growth of plant height, number of leaves, reducing the amount of leaf chlorophyll. flooding also causes morphological changes in the root of the formation of adventitious shoots.

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