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INDONESIA
ETIKONOMI
ISSN : 14128969     EISSN : 24610771     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Etikonomi is a peer-reviewed journal on Economics, Business and Management by Faculty of Economic and Business State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. FOCUS This journal focused on economics, business, and management studies and present developments through the publication of articles, research reports, and book reviews. SCOPE Etikonomi specializes on Economics, Business, and Management, and is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
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Articles 256 Documents
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT: STUDI PADA INSPEKTORAT PROPINSI JAWA BARAT Susilawati Susilawati
ETIKONOMI Vol. 13, No. 2, October 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v13i2.1886

Abstract

This study aims to determine the influence of the professionalism and independence of audit quality either simultaneously or partially. The unit of analysis is the study of West Java Province Inspectorate Auditor. The method used is descriptive verification, while the analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The dependent variable is audit quality, and the independent variables are professionalism and independence of internal audit. Based on the results of this study concluded that simultaneous, professionalism and independence of a significant effect on audit quality. While partially, Professionalism positive and significant impact on the Quality Audit of 31.43%. Meanwhile, the independence of positive and significant impact on the Quality Audit of 33.48% Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor 5 tahun 2008 tentang Standar Audit Aparat Pengawasan Intern Pemerintah, pada bagian pendahuluan secara eksplisit dan tegas dinyatakan bahwa “Pengawasan intern pemerintah merupakan fungsi manajemen yang penting dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Melalui pengawasan intern dapat diketahui apakah suatu instansi pemerintah telah melaksanakan kegiatan sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya secara efektif dan efisien, serta sesuai dengan rencana, kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan. Selain itu, pengawasan intern atas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan diperlukan untuk mendorong terwujudnya good governance dan clean government dan mendukung penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang efektif, efisien, transparan, akuntabel serta bersih dan bebas dari praktik korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme.” Inspektorat sebagai internal audit pemerintah dan merupakan sumber informasi yang penting bagi auditor eksternal (BPK) dan menjadi ujung tombak untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah, karena hasil audit yang berkualitas merupakan sumber informasi penting dalam memberikan keyakinan kepada pihak pemerintah, DPRD dan BPK. Pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah yang baik harus didukung audit sektor publik yang berkualitas, jika kualitas audit sektor publik rendah, kemungkinan memberikan kelonggaran terhadap lembaga pemerintah melakukan penyimpangan penggunaan anggaran. Selain itu juga mengakibatkan risiko tuntutan hukum (legitimasi) terhadap aparatur pemerintah yang melaksanakannya. Korupsi membawa dampak yang buruk bagi negara terutama bagi perekonomian negara. Akibat dari korupsi yang dapat kita rasakan tentunya tidak terciptanya tata pemerintahan yang mengarah pada good corporate governance. Korupsi mengurangi kepercayaan publik terhadap proses politik karena adanya politik uang, korupsi mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan kebijakan publik, korupsi meniadakan sistem promosi dan hukuman, korupsi mengakibatkan proyek-proyek pembangunan dan fasilitas umum bermutu rendah dan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan korupsi menyebabkan sistem perekonomian tidak baik karena produk yang tidak kompetitif dan penumpukan beban hutang luar negeri. Lemahnya pengendalian internal dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya ketidakefisienan dan ketidakefektifan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah dan tentunya berdampak pada pemborosan anggaran dan keuangan daerah. Seperti yang baru-baru ini diungkapkan oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) kepada Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono bahwa pada kasus semester I 2013, kelemahan Sistem Pengendalian Intern RP.46,24 Triliun dengan potensi kerugian sebesar Rp.10,74 Triliun. BPK juga menemukan 13.969 kasus kelemahan sistem pengendalian intern dan ketidakpatuhan terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan dengan senilai RP.56,98 Triliun. Dalam periode 2009 hingga semester I 2013 terdapat 193.600 rekomendasi senilai Rp.73,27 Triliun. Jumlah itu mencakup keuangan pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, BUMN badan hukum milik negara, kontraktor kontrak kerja sama, lembaga yang memiliki saham pemerintah 50% dan otorita (Media Indonesia, 12 November 2013). Di sisi lain, masih menjadi tanda tanya besar di kalangan profesi audit internal mengenai sejauh mana peran serta dari fungsi pengawasan termasuk para pejabat pengawas yang berada di lingkungan fungsi pengawasan atau inspektorat daerah, baik tingkat provinsi, kabupaten, maupun kota, terutama dalam upaya untuk mengawal berbagai kegiatan dan program pemerintah daerah dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah yang memenuhi prinsip tata kelola pemerintahan daerah yang baik dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Audit internal pemerintah (Inspektorat) sebagai whistleblower harus mampu mengungkap semua temuannya mulai dari korupsi, fraud, perbuatan melanggar perudang-undangan atau perpajakan, perbuatan yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian finasial atau non finansian, pelanggaran prosedur operasi standar (SOP), pelanggaran etika tanpa ada rasa takut untuk mutasi jabatan, sehingga menghasilkan pelaporan yang berdampak pada kualitas audit (KNKG 2008). Salah satu penyebab lain kegagalan internal auditor dalam mendeteksi kecurangan adalah rendahnya tingkat skeptis professional auditor (Beasley, Carcello dan Hermanson, 2001). Audit Internal adalah suatu fungsi penilaian yang dikembangkan secara bebas yang dilakukan oleh orang yang profesional yang memiliki pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai sistem dan kegiatan operasional organisasi, menjamin kegiatan operasional organisasi telah berjalan efektif dan efisien serta memastikan bahwa sasaran dan tujuan organisasi telah tercapai. Lemahnya pengendalian internal dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya ketidakefisienan dan ketidakefektifan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah dan tentunya berdampak pada pemborosan anggaran dan keuangan daerah. villa kotabunga kolam renang Masih menjadi tanda tanya besar di kalangan profesi audit internal mengenai sejauh mana peran serta dari fungsi pengawasan termasuk para pejabat pengawas yang berada di lingkungan fungsi pengawasan atau inspektorat daerah, baik tingkat provinsi, kabupaten, maupun kota. Audit internal pemerintah (Inspektorat) sebagai whistleblower harus mampu mengungkap semua temuannya mulai dari korupsi, fraud, perbuatan melanggar perudang-undangan atau perpajakan, perbuatan yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian finasial atau non finansial, pelanggaran prosedur operasi standar (SOP), pelanggaran etika tanpa ada rasa takut untuk mutasi jabatan, sehingga menghasilkan pelaporan yang berdampak pada kualitas audit. Salah satu penyebab kegagalan auditor internal dalam mendeteksi kecurangan ini adalah rendahnya profesionalisme dan independensi yang dapat mengakibatkan rendahnya kualitas audit. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Faisal dkk (2012) mengenai profesionalisme terhadap kualitas audit, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit secara parsial. Sedangkan penelitian yang dilakukan Angge dan Afridian (2012), hasilnya menunjukan bahwa independensi berpengaruh secara signifikan. Hasil ini bertentangan dengan hasil penelitian Faisal (2012) dimana independensi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Faisal menunjukan bahwa kualitas audit tidak akan dipengaruhi oleh independensi auditor dalam menyelesaikan laporan audit. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena sistem pelaporan keuangan di institusi yang menjadi objek penelitian telah cukup baik, sehingga kualitas audit tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah: pertama, untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis pengaruh Profesionalisme dan Independensi Auditor Internal secara simultan terhadap kualitas audit pada Inspektorat Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kedua, untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis pengaruh Profesionalisme dan Independensi Auditor Internal secara parsial terhadap kualitas audit pada Inspektorat Provinsi Jawa Barat DOI: 10.15408/etk.v13i2.1886
Governance and Bank Performance: Does Bank Risk Matter ? Estu Widarwati; Soni Karmila; Nunik Nurmalasari
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24364

Abstract

Governance becomes a guideline for the banking management system and is essential for banking survival during regular economic crises. We investigate the impact of governance on performance in the Indonesians' conventional and examine the mediating role of bank risk in bank governance and performance relationship. The samples are 18 conventional banks listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed using panel data regression and sobel test. We find the risk of state-own bank higher than private bank and foreign bank that could leads to lower performance. Then the results indicate that board size and board age influence bank risk and bank performance. Banks should consider the board size for efficiency and also the maximum standard of their directors' age based on arguments related to innovation-based work productivity in the competitive banking industry. The subsequent exploration of banking governance research is needed by examining the differences in bank ownership and bank characteristics linked to bank risk which is strong evidence as mediation in this study.JEL Classification: G20, G30, G32, G34
Diverse Outreach of Macroprudential Policy Effect on Household and Non-Financial Corporate Loan: An Indication of Macroprudential Policy Leak? Khoirul Sukma; Akhmad Syakir Kurnia
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24304

Abstract

Despite increasing awareness of the importance of countercyclical policies to overcome financial system instability, the potential leak of such policies comes to attention due to economic agents' risk-taking behavior. This paper aims to investigate the potential leaks of the policy. Using the Estimator General Method of Moments-difference (GMM-diff), we found evidence that macroprudential policies are less functional in controlling non-financial firms' credit growth than household credit growth. The result amplifies hesitation about the effectiveness of macroprudential policy caused by potential leaks coming from non-financial firms' risk-taking behavior. We also found that macroprudential policy in developing countries is less effective than in developed countries. Hence, the financial stability goal cannot rely solely on macroprudential policy. Instead, it needs support from other mutual policies, such as the capital control policy and transparent regulatory boundaries, to prevent partial risk shift from regulated financial institutions to unregulated, prevalent in the less developed financial system.JEL Classification: E42, E44, E52, E58 
Purchase Intention of Halal Cosmetics: The Mediating Role of Attitude Maghfira Rizky Maulani; Nuryakin Nuryakin; Nur Hidayah
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24131

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of knowledge, religiosity, andattitude on purchase intention. A more comprehensive studymodel is considered an effort to add to the literature on the studyof halal cosmetics, which is still very limited amid the progress ofthe halal cosmetics industry in Indonesia. The millennial samplewas used in this study and then analyzed using SEM. Accordingto the result, knowledge did not significantly impact purchaseintentions but played an essential role in influencing attitudes.Meanwhile, religiosity has been proven to significantly impact andcontribute the most to determining purchase intention but wasinsignificant in influencing attitudes. Finally, the result also foundthat attitudes mediated the influence of knowledge and religiosityon purchase intention. For this reason, industry players shouldpay more attention to religiosity in promoting their products.Consumers must be given additional knowledge to influencepositive consumer behavior, encouraging purchase intention. Theimplication of this study is limited to the millennial sample ofthe halal cosmetics product in Indonesia.JEL Classification: M31, M37
Do Fraud Hexagon Components Promote Fraud in Indonesia? Dio Alfarago; Azas Mabrur
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24653

Abstract

This study provides information about the likelihood of the natureof fraud companies so that investors and stakeholders can makebetter decisions. The Beneish model and the fraud theory aretwo well-developed ideas for understanding fraud motivationsand detecting earnings manipulation in a corporation. Unlikeprevious studies using the fraud triangle, this study uses the latesttheory (the fraud hexagon) perspective to detect fraud actions.Thus, this study aims to examine the applicability of the fraudhexagon components in combination with the M-score fromthe Beneish model. Seventy-six manufacturing firms listed onIndonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019 were chosen assamples. The findings confirmed that enterprises with fraud tendto: be more financially stable, be more leveraged, have higherprofitability, have cooperation projects with the government, havemore related-party transactions, have more auditor changes, beless liquid, less changing directors, be less supervised, and lessdisplay CEO.’s picture.JEL Classification: K40, K42
Do Tax Policies in Nigeria Have Similar Implications for the Manufacturing Sector Output? Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Jeremiah Nshe Manomi; Abubakar Ijoko; Usman Abdulkareem Audu
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.25118

Abstract

The study examines whether tax policies in Nigeria have similarimplications on the manufacturing sector’s output during the1994Q1-2020Q4 period using the ARDL bounds testing approach.The bounds testing result suggests the presence of cointegrationbetween tax policies and the manufacturing sector output. Further,the estimation results demonstrate that company income tax (CIT)and import tax are positively related to manufacturing sectoroutput. In contrast, value-added tax (VAT) has a negative effecton the manufacturing sector output, both in the short- and longterm.In addition, the results of the Granger causality test indicatea unidirectional causal relationship running from tax policies tothe manufacturing sector output and not vice versa. Thus, policiesand measures are recommended to prioritize the CIT and importtax, review the assortment in the VAT, and ensure accountabilityand transparency in the tax system.JEL Classification: C32, L60, H22
Circular Economy Business Models in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: A Review Astadi Pangarso; Kristina Sisilia; Yahya Peranginangin
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24052

Abstract

MSME business should be built based on circular economy (CE)-based business models. The purpose of this article is to presenta review of several articles that have been published in Scopusdiscussing the CE-based business model and MSMEs to findresearch gaps and future research agendas. It used some tools of thetheoretical assay, such as bibliometric analysis, systematic literaturereview, theory, context, and characteristic methodology (TCCM).The paper outlines all findings of analyzed literature about CE’sbusiness model applied by MSME in the Scopus document untilJune 2021. The findings of this study provided more high-qualityevidence about research and practical gaps regarding the CE-basedbusiness model and MSME, which needs more research focuseson market desirability in the future and more understanding ofinternal processes in MSME’s case studies. The implication of thisarticle is to provide a future research agenda based on a collectionof research gaps as a basis for empirical research.JEL Classification: L26, M10, Q56
Bangladesh and SAARC Countries: Bilateral Trade and Flaring of Economic Cooperation Md. Abu Issa Gazi; Abdullah Al Masud; Razuan Ahmed Shuvro; Abu Ishaque Hossain; Muhammad Khalilur Rahman
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.24353

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study is to observe the economic andinternational trade relationships between Bangladesh and SAARCcountries during the Fiscal Years 2015-2016 to 2020-2021. Thisresearch uses panel data to examine the relationship betweenthe nature and direction of exports and economic growth.The researcher found that economic cooperation with SAARCcountries impacted economic growth, but there was insufficientexport adaptation. The study also showed that economic relationshave strengthened in recent epochs, and bilateral trade hasincreased compared to previous years with SAARC countries.The obtained results also showed that Bangladesh has sufferedfrom a long-standing trade imbalance with India and is in agood position with Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives,Nepal, and Pakistan. Our findings are beneficial for internationaltrade stakeholders and suggest that steps should be taken toincrease exports to reduce the trade deficit. Concern authoritiesshould be more aware of the expansion of trade facilitation andinfrastructure development.JEL Classification: F5, F18, F23, F50, M16
Nexus between Consumption, Income and Price Changes: Asymmetric Evidence from NARDL Mode Raheel Gohar; Bisharat Hussain Chang; Omer Faruk Derindag; Zahida Abro
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.23339

Abstract

Previous research has primarily examined the link between price, income, and consumer spending using linear regression models. On the other hand, the latest evidence shows an asymmetric link among economic and financial variables. We contribute to the literature by employing a novel technique known as the asymmetric ARDL model. This approach is used to investigate the impact of favorable and unfavorable changes in income and prices on household consumption. The results show that higher income has a substantial and beneficial effect on household expenditures in the short term and long term. On the other hand, a fall in income has no impact on consumer spending. Moreover, for most developing countries, price adjustments have a negligible effect on consumer expenditures. Our findings suggest that implementing the same policy initiatives across periods of rising and falling income and prices may result in potential losses.JEL Classification: E31, F31, C22
The Nexus among Agriculture Sector Development and Environmental Degradation in Emerging Economies Buket Altınöz
ETIKONOMI Vol 21, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v21i2.25073

Abstract

This paper aims to determine the effect of agriculture sectordevelopment on CO2 emissions in 10 big emerging marketeconomies. This relationship is tested for the first time for emergingeconomies by using the panel quantile regression approach. Theresults suggest that agricultural value-added mitigate emissionsin lower, middle-lower, and upper quantile levels. This resultimplies that the agricultural sector is an effective policy toolin reducing pollution in these countries. Economic growth andnatural resources rent have a positive impact on pollution. Financialdevelopment only has an emission-reducing effect at the middleupperquantile level, while globalization has a negative impact onCO2 emissions both in the middle-upper and upper quantiles.These results justify the consideration of heterogeneous effects andallow clear policy implications. Moreover, the critical importanceof agricultural policies for environmental quality in these countriesis emphasized with concrete evidence.JEL Classification: O13, Q56, C33