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INDONESIA
Health Science Journal of Indonesia
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan
ISSN : 20877021     EISSN : 23383437     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22435/hsji
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health
Health Science Journal of Indonesia is a journal developed to disseminate and discuss the scientific literature and other research on the development of health. This journal is intended as a medium for communication among stake holders on health research such as researchers, educators, students, practitioners of Health Office, Department of Health, Public Health Service center, as well as the general public who have an interest in the matter. The journal is trying to meet the growing need to study health. Vision: Becoming a notable national journal in the field of health research and towards a reputable international journal. Mission: Providing scientific communication media in health research in order to advance science and technology in related fields. Organizes scholarly journal publishing in health research with an attempt to achieve a high impact factor in the development of science and technology.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 95 Documents
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The prediction of Influenza A/H3N2 Vaccine Efficacy using samples obtained from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013 Agustiningsih Agustiningsih; Kartika Dewi Puspa; Hartanti Dian Ikawati; Eka Pratiwi; Ririn Ramadhany; rene Lorinda Indalao; Krisna N A Pangesti
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.461

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Vaksinasi merupakan salah satu cara efektif dalam mengontrol dan mengurangi beban penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Influenza. Akan tetapi, efikasi vaksin bisa bervariasi jika strain yang digunakan untuk vaksin berbeda dengan strain yang bersirkulasi di dunia. Hal ini menunjukan pentingnya melakukan analisa prediksi efikasi vaksin. Pada studi ini, prediksi efikasi vaksin Influenza A/H3N2 dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan antigenic distance strain vaksin WHO dengan virus influenza yang berasal dari jemaah Haj iIndonesia pada tahun 2013. Metode: Sekuensing gen HA dilakukan terhadap dua sampel tersimpan yang terkonfirmasi positif Influenza A/ H3N2 yang berasal dari jemaah Haji Indonesia tahun 2013. Pepitope Calculator digunakan untuk menghitung antigenic distance dari dua strain virus influenza dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Pepitope value. Vaksin strain yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO; A/Texas/50/2012, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, A/HongKong/4801/2014 dan dua virus yang diambil dari jemaah Haji Indonesia pada tahun 2013 dianalisa pada studi ini. Hasil: Prediksi efikasi vaksin yang direkomendasikan WHO tahun 2013 (A/Texas/50/2012) dengan sampel yang berasal dari jemaah Haji Indonesia tahun 2013 menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan strain vaksin untuk musim flu pada tahun selanjutnya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil analisis filogenetik dan perbandingan asam amino dimana sampel pada studi ini berkerabat lebih dekat dengan strain vaksin untuk musim flu selanjutnya dengan perbedaan asam amino yang lebih sedikit di bagian epitope protein HA dibandingkan dengan vaksin tahun 2013. Kesimpulan: Perhitungan efikasi vaksin menggunakan antigenic distance antara strain vaksin WHO dan virus yang menginfeksi jemaah haji Indonesia pada tahun 2013 menunjukkan hasil yang rendah. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):1-7) Keywords: Efikasi vaksin, Influenza A/H3N2, jemaah Haji, Indonesia Abstract Background: Influenza vaccination is an effective approach to control and reduce the disease burden of influenza viruses. However, the efficacy of influenza vaccine varies every year due to the different antigenic distance between vaccine and the circulating influenza strains globally and therefore necessitates the study of vaccine efficacy (VE). This study describes the prediction of Influenza A/H3N2 VE based on antigenic distances WHO vaccine strains and the virus obtained from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Methods: Coding between Sequence of HA gene of Influenza A/H3N2 virus was obtained from archival samples of Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims in 2013. Pepitope value calculation using Pepitope Calculator to measure the antigenic distance of HA sequences of two influenza strains was implemented. The HA sequences of WHO vaccine strains: A/ Texas/50/2012, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, A/HongKong/4801/2014 and two influenza viruses from Indonesian Hajj pilgrims in 2013 were analyzed. Results: This study predicted that influenza vaccine strain recommended by WHO for 2013 (A/Texas/50/2012) have low efficacy to the influenza virus obtained from Indonesian Hajj Pilgrim in 2013 while showing higher efficacy to vaccine strain recommended for the following year. This result was in line with phylogenetic analysis and amino acid differences in which the samples in this study were grouped together with vaccine strain in following years and had less amino acid differences in epitope located in HA protein compared with 2013 vaccine strain. Conclusion: The prediction of VE using the antigenic distance measurement between WHO vaccine strain and Indonesian Hajj pilgrim collected in 2013, is considered low. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):1-7) Keywords: Vaccine efficacy, influenza A/H3N2 virus, Hajj pilgrim, Indonesia
Molecular Detection Mutation of rpoB Gene Mycobacterium leprae in Relapse and Default of Leprosy Patient in Jayapura City, Papua Yustinus Maladan; C. S. Whinie Lestari; Ratna Tanjung; Vatim Dwi Cahyani; Muhammad Fajri Rokhmad
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.462

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Lepra masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Papua terutama di Kota Jayapura.Banyaknya kasus relaps dan default juga menjadi tantangan dalam eliminasi lepra di Jayapura. Kasusrelaps dan riwayat default pada beberapa penelitian berkaitan dengan resistensi terhadap multi drugtreatment (MDT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi keberadaan mutasi gen rpoB M. leprae padapasien relaps, default dan pasein yang kurang peka terhadap terapi MDT di Kota Jayapura. Metode: Sampel diperoleh dari pasien yang terdiagnosis lepra dengan kriteria pasien relaps, default danpasien yang terus bergejala setelah terapi MDT sebanyak 34 sampel. Sampel diambil dalam bentuk insisikulit (skin silt) daun telinga. DNA diekstraksi dengan menggunakan kit Qiagen. Gen rpoB diamplifikasimelalui teknik PCR dan analisis nukleotida dilakukan melalui sekuensing. Analisis mutasi dilakukanmelalui BLAST dengan basis data GenBank. Hasil: Sebanyak 34 sampel yang diperiksa, 9 diantaranya positif BTA sedangkan 25 yang lainnya negatifBTA. Pada hasil PCR, sampel yang berhasil teramplifikasi sebanyak 31 sampel, dan 3 sampel tidakteramplifikasi. Hasil BLAST menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya mutasi pada gen rpoB yangdapat menyebabkan resistensi terhadap rifampisin. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gen rpoB Mycobacterium leprae asal Jayapuratidak mengandung mutasi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi terhadap rifampisin. Dengandemikian rifampisin masih sensitif untuk pengobatan lepra di Kota Jayapura. Kata kunci: Lepra, gen rpoB, rifampisin, Mycobacterium leprae. AbstractBackground: Leprosy remains a prominent health problem in Papua especially in Jayapura City. Numerouscases of relapse and default are also challenges in leprosy elimination in Jayapura. Studies in Relapsecases and history of defaults revealed some resistance related to multi-drug treatment (MDT). The purposeof this study was to detect the presence of mutation in rpoB M. leprae gene in patient relapse, default andpatients who are less sensitive to MDT therapy in Jayapura City. Method: Samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with leprosy with criteria of relapse, defaultand symptomatic patients after receiving MDT therapy. A total of 34 samples were taken in the form ofskin incision (skin silt) of the earlobe. DNA was extracted using Qiagen kit. rpoB gene from extractedDNA was amplified through PCR method followed by nucleotide sequences. Analysis of mutation waselaborated using BLAST according to GenBank database. Result: 34 samples were examined, and 9 were positive for Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)staining, while the 25 werenegative. In the PCR results, the samples that successfully amplified were 31 samples, and 3 samples werenot amplified. The results of BLAST indicated that no mutations in the rpoB gene found in which able toinitiate resistance to rifampicin. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the rpoB Mycobacterium leprae gene from Jayapura did notcontain any mutations that could trigger resistance to rifampicin. Thus rifampicin is still sensitive forleprosy treatment in Jayapura City. Keywords: Leprosy, rpoB gene, rifampicin, Mycobacterium leprae
The influence of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) relaxation on primary school teachers’ stress Herlinah Herlinah; Herqutanto Herqutanto; Nuri Purwito Adi
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.463

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Stres dapat menimpa berbagai profesi dan pekerjaan. Guru sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu profesi yang rentan terhadap stres. Stres ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, oleh karena itu stress harus diatasi. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan stres adalah relaksasi dengan terapi musik. Bagian dari terapi musik adalah Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi GIM terhadap stres guru sekolah dasar negeri di kabupaten Sekadau, Kalimantan barat. Metode: 40 orang responden guru diikut sertakan dalam penelitian ini melalui cluster random sampling. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode quasi eksperiment pre-post dengan grup kontrol. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik individu dan masa kerja, stressor kerja (menggunakan kuesioner SDS) dan stres guru (menggunakan kuesioner SCL-90). Relaksasi GIM diberikan sebanyak 5 sesi dalam waktu ±20 menit setiap sesi selama 1 minggu. Hasil: 77.5% responden memiliki tingkat stress sedang pada stressor beban pekerjaan kualitatif berlebih. Penilaian awal stress didapatkan 77.5% responden mengalami gejala psikopatologi dengan gejala terbanyak adalah obsesi-kompulsif (27.5%). Terdapat penurunan rerata stres yang bermakna pada guru SD yang mendapat relaksasi GIM dengan perbedaan mean 3.00±6.29 (p=0.046) dan peningkatan rerata stress pada kelompok kontrol -1.45±7.72 (p=0.412). Kesimpulan: Intervensi GIM berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat stress pada guru SD yang menjalani relaksasi GIM. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):45-50) Kata kunci: Relaksasi GIM, Stres guru, Guru sekolah dasar Abstract Background: Stress is a common hazard in a lot of professions and occupation. Primary school teachers are one of the most vulnerable profession to have stress. Stress may impact on teachers’ performance and therefore must be treated. One of the ways to alleviate stress is relaxation by musical theraphy. A part of musical theraphy is Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) relaxation. The purpose of the research is to know the influence of GIM relaxation method on stress’ level of primary school teachers in district Sekadau, West Kalimantan. Methods: 40 teachers participated in this research and were chosen by cluster random sampling method. The study design was pre-post quasi experiment with control group. The collected data included respondents’ individual characteristics and length-of-employment, work stressors (using SDS questionnaire) and teachers’ stress (using SCL-90 questionnaire). GIM relaxation method was provided in 5 sessions where conducted for 20 minutes during the period of one week. Results: 77.5% of respondents have medium stress levels, which were excessive qualitative workloads stressors. In early stress assessment, 77.5% respondent showed psychopatology symptoms, where the most frequent symptom was obsessive-compulsive (27.5%). There was a significant decrease in stress level in primary school teachers who received the GIM relaxation with a mean difference of 3.00±6.29 (p=0.046) and an increase of stress’ level in control group with a mean difference of -1.45±7.72 (p=0.412). Conclusion: GIM intervention has an effect on reducing stress level in primary school teachers who have undergone GIM relaxation. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):45-50) Keywords: GIM relaxation, Teachers’ stress, primary school teachers
The Completeness and accuracy of clinical coding for diagnosis and medical procedure on the INA-CBGs claim amounts at a hospital in South Jakarta Cicih Opitasari; Atik Nurwahyuni
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.464

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Kelengkapan resume dan ketidaktepatan koding masih menjadi penyebab terbesar pengembalian berkas klaim dari BPJS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kelengkapan dan ketepatan koding diagnosis dan prosedur terhadap besaran klaim di satu rumah sakit (RS) Pemerintah di Jakarta Selatan. Metode: Penelitian observasional yang dilakukan dengan penelusuran rekam medis (RM) bulan November 2017 dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 informan yang terdiri dari manajemen, koder, dokter penanggung jawab pasien (DPJP) dan verifikator RS. Ketepatan koding didapatkan dengan membandingkan pengkodean oleh koder RS dan koder standar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis konten. Hasil: Dari 105 sampel rekam medis didapatkan angka ketidaklengkapan resume terbanyak pada pemeriksaan penunjang (12,2%), ketidaksesuaian pengisian pada diagnosis sekunder mencapai 68,6% dan ketidaktepatan koding paling tinggi pada diagnosis utama (21,9%). Rerata klaim INA-CBGs yang dihasilkan koder RS lebih rendah dari koder standar dengan selisih klaim sebesar 4%. Hal tersebut disebabkan adanya ketidakpatuhan dokter dan tidak semua dokter mendapatkan pelatihan pengkodean. Proses pencatatan RM masih banyak didelegasikan kepada residen. Pemeriksaan resume oleh verifikator dan pengkodean oleh koder masih kurang pemahaman tentang diagnosis dalam konsep INA-CBGs. Kesimpulan: Ketidaklengkapan resume dan ketidaktepatan koding di RS menyebabkan klaim INA-CBGs yang diterima lebih rendah rata-rata 4% sehingga dapat mengurangi pendapatan RS. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):14-8) Kata kunci: Ketidaktepatan koding, diagnosis dan prosedur, klaim rendah Abstract Background: Coding inaccuracy and inadequate physician documentation are still the major problem of BPJS claims that resulting potential loss of hospital finance. This study aims to analyze the completeness and accuracy of diagnosis and procedure coding on the INA-CBGs claim amounts at one government hospital in South Jakarta. Methods: This observational study was conducted through medical record review during the period of November 2017 and in-depth interview involved 7 informants consist of hospital management, coders, responsible physicians and hospital verifiers. Re-coding was carried out by standar coder and the results were compared with hospital coders outcome. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The review of 105 medical record found incomplete documentation for supporting medical examination variable (12.2%), inconsistency documentation of secondary diagnoses were the highest, at 68.6% and the most frequent for inaccurate coding was primary diagnoses at 21.9%. The claims generated by hospital coders are lower than standard coder by an average 4%. The indepth interview revealed low physicians compliance on the documentation standard procedure and lack of coding training for physician. The process of the documentation practice was still delegated to the resident physicians. The discharge summary review by verifier and coding by the coders was still lack of understanding of the diagnosis in the INA-CBGs concept. Conclusion: Incomplete discharge summary and inaccurate coding of diagnosis and procedure generate loss of hospital revenue by an average 4%. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(1):14-8) Keywords: Inaccuracy of clinical coding, diagnosis and procedure, lower claim
The The relationship between IL-6 and CRP with Sarcopenia in indigenous elderly population at Pedawa Village, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia Suka Aryana; AA Wiradewi Lestari; I.B. Putrawan; Ni Ketut Rai Purnami; I Nyoman Astika; R.A. Tuty Kuswardhani
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.467

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Sarkopenia adalah sindrom yang ditandai dengan penurunan massa otot disertai penurunan kekuatan otot dan atau fungsi otot. Stres oksidatif dan proses inflamasi dikenal sebagai faktor pemicu untuk sarkopenia dengan melepaskan rangsangan katabolik interleukin-6 (IL-6) dan protein C-reaktif (CRP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara IL-6 dan kadar CRP terhadap parameter sarkopenia seperti massa otot, kekuatan pegangan, dan kecepatan berjalan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional analitik yang dilakukan di Desa Pedawa, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali pada bulan Agustus 2016. Sekitar 79 responden berusia ≥ 60 tahun menggunakan teknik sampling acak stratifikasi. Variabel yang dinilai yaitu parameter sarkopenia (massa otot, kekuatan pegangan, dan kecepatan berjalan) termasuk IMT, serta IL-6 dan pemeriksaan tingkat CRP. Uji korelasi spearman dan parsial digunakan untuk menilai korelasi antara parameter IL-6, CRP, dan sarkopenia. Hasil: Kadar IL-6 dan CRP tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan tiga parameter sarkopenia. Kadar CRP berkorelasi dengan IL-6 (r = 0.37; p = 0.001) dan IMT (r = 0.29; p = 0.009). Pada kelompok pria, IL-6 hanya berkorelasi dengan CRP (r = 0.40; p = 0.011). Sedangkan pada kelompok wanita, IL-6 berkolerasi dengan CRP (r = 0.38; p = 0.017), kecepatan berjalan (r = 0.33; p = 0.037) serta CRP berkorelasi dengan IMT (r = 0.32; p = 0.049) dan massa otot total (r = -0.32; p = 0.043). Setelah penyesuaian untuk variabel IMT, IL-6 berkorelasi dengan CRP (r = 0.43; p = 0,001) dan massa otot total (r = -0.25; p = 0.026) serta secara signifikan berkorelasi pada kelompok kurus (IMT<18.5 kg/m2) (r = -0.50; p = 0.026). CRP tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan tiga parameter sarkopenia pada uji spearman, korelasi parsial, dan uji korelasi spesifik spearman berdasarkan pada kelompok IMT. Kesimpulan: Kadar IL-6 berhubungan dengan penurunan massa otot total pada keseluruhan lansia desa Pedawa setelah penyesuaian variabel IMT. Kata kunci: IL-6, Protein C-Reaktif (CRP), Sarkopenia, Lanjut usia, Desa Pedawa. Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by decreased muscle mass with decreased muscle strength and or muscle function. Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are known as triggering factors for sarcopenia by releasing catabolic stimuli of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).This study aims to determine the relationship between IL-6 and CRP levels to sarcopenia parameter such as muscle mass, grip strength, and walking speed. Methods: This study was an analytic cross-sectional design conducted at Pedawa Village, Buleleng District, Bali in August 2016. About 79 respondents aged ≥ 60 years using stratified random sampling technique. The assessed variables were sarcopenia parameter (muscle mass, grip strength, and walking speed) including BMI, as well as IL-6 and CRP levels examination. Spearman and partial correlation test were used to assess the correlation among IL-6, CRP, and sarcopenia parameters. Results: IL-6 levels and CRP were not significantly correlated with the three parameters of sarcopenia. CRP levels correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.37; p = 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.29; p = 0.009). In the male group, IL-6 was only correlated with CRP (r = 0.40; p = 0.011). While in the women group, IL-6 correlated with CRP (r = 0.38; p = 0.017), walking speed (r = 0.33; p = 0.037) and CRP correlated with BMI (r = 0.32; p = 0.049) and total muscle mass (r = -0.32; p = 0.043). After adjustment to BMI variable, IL-6 was correlated with CRP (r = 0,43; p = 0,001) and total muscle mass (r = -0.25; p = 0.026) and significantly correlated in underweight groups (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) (r=-0.50; p=0.026). CRP was not significantly correlated with the three parameters of sarcopenia on Spearman, partial correlation, and Spearman's specific correlation test based on BMI group. Conclusion: IL-6 levels were associated with total muscle mass loss after BMI adjustmentin Pedawa village’s elderly as a whole. Keywords: IL-6, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Sarcopenia, Elderly, Pedawa village.
Surveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection as one approach to enhance Global Health Security in Indonesia Ira Wignjadiputro; Ni Ketut Susilarini; Catharina Yekti Praptiningsih; Elvieda Sariwati; Vivi Setiawaty; Gina Samaan
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.473

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Sistem surveilans nasional untuk infeksi saluran pernafasan akut berat (SARI) dapatmemberikan informasi penting tentang sirkulasi virus influenza, menyediakan sistem untuk mengendalikankejadian luar biasa yang mengancam keamanan dan keselamatan masyarakat serta menyediakandata untuk sistem surveilans influenza global (GISRS). Kemampuan Indonesia untuk mendeteksi dan mengendalikanpenyakit menular penting untuk keamanan kesehatan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenilai sistem surveilans ISPA berat Indonesia (SIBI) dan pemanfaatan untuk memantau patogen prioritaslainnya sebagai upaya meningkatkan keamanan kesehatan global. Metode: penilaian atribut surveilans melalui review laporan, analisis data dan interview staff yang terlibatdalam sistem surveilans. Semua kasus yang memenuhi kriteria SARI pada bulan Mei 2013 – April 2015 ikutserta dalam penelitian. Data epidemiologi dan virologi dianalisis. Kelengkapan dan kemudahan sistem untukmencapai tujuan surveilans influenza dan mendukung surveilans penyakit infeksi baru (emerging) dikaji. Hasil: Sebanyak 1,806 kasus SARI dan 1,697 (94%) spesimen dilakukan pemeriksaan virus influenza.Sebanyak 200 (12%) positif influenza, terdiri dari 46% influenza A(H3N2), 18% A(H1N1)pdm09 dan 37%influenza B. Hasil penilaian terhadap sistem surveilans didapatkan kesesuaian pelaksanaan untuk semuaatribut surveilans melebihi target >80%, kelengkapan laporan online 95%, kesesuaian kasus terhadapdefinisi kasus 100%, kasus yang diambil spesimen 94% dan hasil laboratorium diinput ke database secaraonline 100%. Sistem surveilans untuk dengue dan infeksi arbovirus lainnya sudah terlaksana di unitrawat jalan dan gawat darurat di sentinel SARI surveilans. Kesimpulan: SIBI dapat disesuaikan untuk menggabungkan surveilans penyakit lain yang menunjukkankegunaan dan fleksibilitas dalam mendukung keamanan kesehatan global. Kata kunci: keamanan kesehatan global, surveilans, influenza, Indonesia AbstractBackground: The existing national surveillance system for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) providescritical information on influenza virus circulation, provides a system to control influenza outbreaks that threatenthe safety and security of the population and feeds data into the global influenza surveillance and responsesystem (GISRS). Indonesia’s ability to detect and control communicable diseases is critical for global healthsecurity. The aim of this study was to assess the SARI surveillance system and utility for monitoring other prioritypathogens as an effort to enhance global health security. Methods: Surveillance attributes were assessed by reviewing records, data analysis and through interviewedwith staffs involved in the surveillance system. All patients at six sentinel hospitals who meet the SARI casedefinition during May 2013 – April 2015 were enrolled. Epidemiological and virological data were analyzed.The surveillance system utility for its influenza surveillance objectives and flexibility to support surveillance ofemerging infectious diseases were assessed. Resuts: A total of 1,806 SARI cases were reported of which 1,697 (94%) had specimens tested for influenza viruses.Of those tested, 200 (12%) were positive, of which 46% were influenza A(H3N2), 18% A(H1N1)pdm09and 37% influenza B viruses. The system exceeded the targets of >80% adherence for most attributes: 95% forcompleteness of online reporting, 100% for cases adhering to the case definition, 94% for cases with specimenscollected and 100% of laboratory results uploaded to the online database. A surveillance system for dengue andother arbovirus infections was established in the outpatient/emergency units at the SARI surveillance sentinel.Conclusion: SIBI was adjusted to incorporate surveillance for other priority diseases indicating its utility andflexibility to support global health security Keywords: Global Health Security, surveillance, influenza, Indonesia
The risk factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Manaor Napitupulu; Melita Aditya Sari; Sara Sonnya Ayutthaya
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.474

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang: Penderita Diabetes melitus (DM) yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan menimbulkankomplikasi Nefropati Diabetika sebagai penyebab utama dari Gagal Ginjal terminal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang meneliti faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasienrawat jalan DM tipe 2 di bagian penyakit dalam RSUD kota Bekasi mulai tanggal 01 September 2015sampai dengan 30 September 2015. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur. Sampeldalam penelitian ini berjumlah 246 purposive individual sampling (107 pria dan 139 wanita). Analisisdata mempergunakan SPSS versi 21 dan EPISTAT versi 3.3 Hasil: Faktor risiko gagal ginjal yang terkait dengan perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2 adalah: umur saatdidiagnosis DM 36-54 tahun (ORa=2.41; p=0.01); menderita DM 6-10 tahun dan lebih dari 10 tahunsetelah didiagnosis (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa=18.54; p=0.000). Dibandingkan dengan kadar glukosadarah awal 201-300 mg/dl, responden dengan kadar gula darah awal 401-500 mg/dl dan lebih dari 500mg/dl masing-masing berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.63 kali dan 11.11 kali (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). Kadar glukosadarah tertinggi >500 mg/dl berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.86 kali dibandingkan dengan 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Kesimpulan: Usia pada saat didiagnosis DM, lamanya menderita DM setelah didiagnosis, kadar glukosadarah awal dan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi >500 mg/dl merupakan faktor-faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, progresi DM tipe 2, Gagal Ginjal Abstract Background: A condition when Diabetes Mellitus patients does not get an adequate medical treatment,will cause Diabetic Nephropathy, which is a major cause of a terminal Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).The objective of this study is to determine risk factors of CKD in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Design of this study was a cross sectional, that investigated risk factors of CKD in outpatientswho suffered type 2 DM at Department of Internal Medicine of Bekasi General Hospital from the 1st ofSeptember to the 30th of September, 2015. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires.Sample in this study was 246 purposive individual sampling (107 male and 139 female). The data analysisused SPSS version 21 and EPISTAT version 3.3. Results: The risk factors of CKD related to progressive of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 disease were: age atfirst diagnosed of DM 36-54 years (ORa=2.41; p=0.01), suffering DM 6-10 years and more than 10 yearsafter being diagnosed (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa= 18.54; p=0.000 ). Referring to initial blood glucoselevels of 201-300 mg/dl, the respondents with initial blood glucose levels of 401-500 mg/dl and more than500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.63 times and 11.11 times respectively (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). The highestblood glucose levels >500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.86 times compared with 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Conclusion: Age at first diagnosed of DM, duration of suffering DM post diagnosed, initial blood glucoselevels, and the highest blood glucose levels >500 mg/dl were the risk factors of CKD. Keywords: Risk factors, progressive of type 2 DM, CKD
Factors influencing HIV group counseling participation at a referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia Masdalina Pane; Siti Maemun; Philip Bautista
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.479

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa dukungan sosial termasuk Konseling HIV dan dukungan kelompok memiliki efek langsung terhadap kepatuhan pada pengobatan HIV. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap partisipasi pada konseling kelompok pasien HIV di Indonesia belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui partisipasi pasien HIV pada konseling kelompok di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi-Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta Utara. Faktor demografi dan klinis pada pasien HIV diduga berhubungan dengan partisipasi dalam konseling kelompok. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2013 menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang. Pasien HIV yang menggunakan anti retroviral sebanyak 1440 orang diminta kesediannya untuk berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil: 709 dari 880 pasien yang mengikuti konseling kelompok telah melengkapi kuesioner dan bersedia menjadi sampel penelitian. Sebagian besar responden adalah laki-laki (71.1%), lulus SMP (84.3%), dan bekerja penuh waktu (51.5%). Stadium klinis mayoritas responden (87.3%) stadium 3 dan 4. Sebagian kecil responden (9.7%) memiliki ko-infeksi hepatitis B atau C, dan 12.7 % memiliki anggota keluarga HIV positif. Sebanyak 272 (38,4%) responden mengikuti konseling kelompok. Umur, waktu kerja, kepuasan terhadap penghasilan, memiliki anggota keluarga dengan HIV positif dan responden yang pernah menggunakan narkoba suntik (IDU) merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi responden pada konseling kelompok. Kesimpulan: Konseling kelompok harus dikenalkan pada penderita HIV yang sulit dijangkau, termasuk pasien yang lebih tua dan pasien dengan riwayat IDU. Selain itu, penyedia layanan kesehatan harus mempertimbangkan jadwal alternatif untuk pasien yang bekerja penuh waktu dan tidak dapat menghadiri konseling kelompok selama jam kerja. Keywords: HIV, konseling, partisipasi, dukungan, sosial Abstract: Background: Previous studies indicate that social support, including HIV counseling and support groups, have a direct effect on adherence to HIV therapy. Currently, factors of non-participation in HIV counseling in the Indonesian population are unknown. Based on this condition, we performed this study to explore HIV patient in group counseling participation at Prof. Sulianto Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital (RSPI-SS), a national referral hospital in Northern Jakarta in Indonesia. We assessed demographic and clinical factors that are associated with participation in HIV group counseling. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2013. 1,440 HIV patients in Jakarta obtaining ART from RSPI-SS were approached to participate in a quantitative survey. Factors associated with group counseling participation were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 709 (80.6%) out of 880 patients in group counseling completed the survey. The most of respondents were male (71.1%), had completed at least secondary school (84.3%), and worked full-time (51.5%). The majority (87.3%) of respondents had advanced disease (clinical stage 3 and 4). A small proportion (9.7%) of patients had hepatitis B or C co-infection, and 12.7 % reported having a family member (partner or child) who was also HIV positive. Only 272 (38,4%) of surveyed patients reported attending HIV group counseling. Five variables were found to be independently associated as factors influencing with participation in HIV group counseling including age, hours worked, income satisfaction, Family member with HIV, and history of Injection Drug User’s (IDU’s). Conclusion: Based on findings, outreach activities promoting HIV group counseling should target patients who are unable or less likely to attend group counseling, including older patients and patients with history of IDU’s. Additionally, health care providers should consider alternative schedules for patients who work full-time and are unable to attend group counseling during work hours. Keywords: HIV, counseling, participation, social, support
Cytotoxic activities of Methanolic and Chloroform Extract of Cryptocarya Massoy (Oken) Kosterm. Bark on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line Yuli Widiyastuti; Ika Yanti M. Sholikhah; Sari Haryanti
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.482

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang. Krangean [Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.] Adalah salah satu tanaman aromatik purba di Indonesia. Tanaman ini adalah anggota keluarga Lauraceae, tumbuh liar di dataran tinggi Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan pulau Jawa. Aktivitas antikanker tanaman ini belum banyak dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak buah krangean pada sel kanker manusia secara in vitro. Metode. Kloroform dan metanol digunakan untuk mempererat bubuk buah kering selama 3x24 jam. Senyawa fitokimia utama ditandai dengan KLT (kromatografi lapis tipis). Uji MTT dilakukan untuk mengamati morfologi dan viabilitas kanker serviks HeLa, kanker payudara MCF-7, dan sel HEPG2 hepar. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakterisasi KLT ekstrak kloroform dan metanol Litsea cubeba menunjukkan profil yang sama, dengan senyawa utama yang ditemukan adalah terpenoid dan alkaloid. Uji MTT menemukan bahwa kedua ekstrak memiliki penghambatan kuat pada sel HeLa. Ekstrak kloroform menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan metanol, dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 33,7 dan 64,8 μg / mL. Kesimpulan. Esktrak kloroform dan ekstrak metanol dari Litsea cubeba memiliki aktivitas yang kuat terhadap sel HeLa dan aktivitas sedang terhadap sel HEPG2 dan MCF-7. Selanjutnya disarankan untuk dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengathui senyawa aktif L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers. yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker potensial. Kata kunci: Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., sitotoksik, HeLa, MCF-7, HebG2, MTT assay Abstract Background. Krangean [Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.] is one of ancient aromatic plants in Indonesia. This plant is the member of Lauraceae family, growing wild on the highlands of Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Java island. The anticancer activity of this plant haven’t been explored extensively.This research aimed to investigate phytochemical content and cytotoxic activity of krangean fruits extract on human cancer cell line in vitro. Method. Chloroform and methanol were used to macerate dried fruits powder for 3x24 hours. Major phytochemical compounds was characterized by TLC (thin layer chromatography). MTT assay was done to observe morphology and viability of HeLa cervical cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer, and HepG2 hepar cancer cell line. Result. The results showed that TLC characterization of chloroform and methanolic extracts of Litsea cubeba revealed similar profile, with the major compound found are terpenoid and alkaloid. The MTT assay found that both extracts have strong inhibition on HeLa cell line. Chloroform extract exhibited stronger cytotoxic activities compared to methanol, with the IC50 values of 33,7 and 64,8 μg/mL respectively. While, the both extract have moderate cytotoxic activities to HEPG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell line indicated by IC50value more than 100 mg/mL. Conclusion. Chloroform and methanolic extract of Litsea cubeba have a strong activity againts HeLa cancer cell lines and moderate activity to HEPG2 and MCF-7, thought chloroform extract of Litsea cubeba has stronger effect on cancer cell line viability. It is well recommended for further studies to investigate the active compound of L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers. for potential anticancer activity. Key words: Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., cytotoxic, HeLa, MCF-7, HebG2, MTT assay
Cytotoxic and MMPs inhibitory activities of Sappan Wood (Caesalpiniasappan L.): various extracts on 4T1 breast cancer cell line Sari Haryanti; Yuli Widiyastuti; Nuning Rahmawati
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v9i1.483

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman potensial dengan berbagai khasiat obat, termasuk antikanker. Gelatinase (MMP-2 dan MMP-9) merupakan matriks metaloproteinase (MMPs) dan memiliki peran penting dalam inisiasi, invasi, dan metastasis kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas sitotoksik dan penghambatan MMP dari ekstrak kayu secang pada sel kanker payudara 4T1. Metode: Serbuk kayu secang dibagi menjadi 4 bagian, masing-masing diekstraksi dengan pelarut berbeda. Etanol 96%, etanol 70%, dan metanol digunakan untuk metode maserasi, sedangkan air untuk metode infusa. Uji MTT digunakan untuk menentukan efek sitotoksisitas, dan uji gelatin zymography untuk mendeteksi aktivitas MMP-2 dan MMP-9. Profil fitokimia ekstrak diamati dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Hasil: Profil fitokimia ekstrak air menunjukkan profil KLT yang berbeda, sementara tiga ekstrak lainnya memiliki profil yang sama. Ekstrak etanol 96% kayu secang memberikan efek sitotoksik paling kuat terhadap 4T1 dengan nilai IC50 13,1 μg/mL, diikuti metanol (21,4 μg/mL), etanol 70% (22,5 μg/mL) dan air (25,5 μg/mL). Analisis gelatin zymograph dengan software ImageJ menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak kecuali air, menghambat aktivitas gelatinolitik MMP-9 Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kayu secang dengan berbagai pelarut polar memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik dan penghambatan MMP pada sel kanker payudara 4T1 dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai anti kanker payudara. Kata kunci: Caesalpinia sappan, MMP, sitotoksik, 4T1 Abstract Background: Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is one of potential plant with wide variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are the member of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and having a key role in cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and MMPs inhibitory activities of sappan wood in various extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Methods: Sappan wood powder were divided into 4 parts, each part was extracted with different solvent. Ethanol 96%, ethanol 70%, and methanol were used for maceration methods, while water for infusion method. MTT assay used to identify cytotoxicity effect, and gelatin zymography assay to detect the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Phytochemical profiling of the extract were observed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Results: Phytocemical profiling of water extract showed different TLC profile, while three others had similar profile. The results of MTT assay showed that ethanolic 96% extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect against 4T1 with the IC50 value 13,1 μg/mL, followed by methanolic (21,4 μg/mL), ethanolic 70% (22,5 μg/mL) and water (25,5 μg/mL). The analysis of gelatin zymograph bands using ImageJ software proved that all extracts except water, inhibited gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that various extract of the sappan wood have been found to posses cytotoxic and MMPs inhibitory activities. Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan, MMP’s, cytotoxic, 4T1

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