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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sains Dasar
Published by Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
ISSN : 20859872     EISSN : 24431273     DOI : 10.21831
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 216 Documents
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The diversity of saprophytic fungi on agricultural land in Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta Siti Umniyatie; Victoria Henuhili
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (84.94 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v3i1.2798

Abstract

This research aims to 1) examine the total amount of fungi, 2) the diversity of top soil saprophytic soil fungus, and 3) the abiotic soil factor that is believed to influence the diversity of fungi genus in the village of Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This is an exploration research using the soil from agricultural land in the village of Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta as sample through stratified random sampling. Sample is taken from the top soil in zone A, B, and C. The total amount of fungi are obtained using the pour plate method by dilution technique up to 10-8 , while edaphic factors are determine through soil tester. The measurement of soil organic C is using Walked and Black method while as for N total and P total using Kyeldal and HCL 25%, respectively. Soil fungus identification is conducted by identifying microscopic and macroscopic characteristics and subsequently the results are compared to Compendium of Soil Fungi. This research shows that there are variations of the amount and genus of fungi found in the sample. Zone B has the highest total of fungi, 35 x 105 cfu/gram while zone A and C has 14 x 105 cfu/gram and 2.4 x 105 cfu/gram, respectively. There are 24 isolate fungi that belong to 10 genus, namely: Penicellium sp., Humicola sp, Mucor sp, Fusarium sp, Acromonium sp Cochliobolus sp, Botrytis sp. and Mycothecium sp.. Zone B has the same diversity with zone A, and zone C has lower diversity. The diversity is determined by the soil edaphic, in particular humidity. While the content of organic C, N, and P do not appear to influence the diversity of the genus of fungi.
The enhancement effort of chili’s resistance to water stress & disease by application of priming technique Roektiningroem, Ekosari; Djukri, Djukri
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (129.753 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v3i1.2799

Abstract

This research aims to know the influence of chili’s seed priming on improving germination, growth, and development in the field, before, during, and after stress conditions (water stress and disease). Priming is a technique of seed pretreatment with osmoticum solution or moist solids, which allows slow inbibition; thus radicals emergence and growth are prevented. It is a simple and easy technique to apply, which can increase the germination, and performance or vigour in a broad spectrum. Implementation is in three trials, each trial consisting of 2 stages. The first stage on the early experiment was priming (priming treatment with 4 days incubation and priming test), and the second stage was the germination (germinating the seed that has been treated by priming and germination test). The first stage on the further experiment is priming and the second stage were growth and development test before, during, and after the stress conditions. The results showed that seed priming treatments can maintain and improve the quality of seeds, and increase germination, both germination percentage and germination rate, as well as enhance the growth of plant height and total leaves of Chili at age 2 wat (weeks after transplanting). Key word: priming technique, disease, water stress, plant resistance
Microtremor characteristics and analysis of seismicity on Opak fault lines, Bantul district, Yogyakarta Merizka Marsyelina; Nugroho Budi Wibowo; Denny Darmawan
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2254.022 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v3i1.2800

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the microtremor characteristics and seismicity analysis around Opak’s fault in  Jetis subdistrict, Imogiri subdistrict,  Pundong  subdistrict, and Kretek subdistrict. This research using HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) method, spectrum analysis, TFA analysis and maximum likelyhood method. The primary microtremor’sdata was taken from 9 points and thesecondary data from 32 point using grid 3 km spacing. The data record the natural waves or seismic signals at each measurement points. The processed data thus characterize the structrure of the soil and rock layers. For seismicity of analysis earthquake data since 2006-2014 from BMKG were used. The results indicate microtremor characteristics around the fault Opak according to the parameter map predominant frequency modeling result, map predominant period modeling result, map amplification factor modeling result, map Vs30 modeling result, curve H/V, curve spectrum and curve TFA which is divided into three zones. Seismicity analysis showed that earthquake around Opakfault earthquake has magnitude between  0,4 to 3,2,  has a depthof 10 km to 20 km, and has a  b-value of 0,44 to 0,76.   Key words: HVSR method, TFA analysis, spectrum analysis, maximum likelihood method, microtremor characteristics, b-value, Opak fault
Kajian efek Mpemba pada pendinginan air keran yang awalnya dipanaskan secara infinitesimal Founda Noviani, Elisabeth Pratidhina; Setiawan, Arif; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3291

Abstract

Abstract   The purpose of this research is to know whether in the cooling process of tap water that is initially heated infinitesimally follow the Mpemba effect or not. The sample that is used in this research is tap water from a uniform source. The control variables are freezer temperature, the content of water, volume of water, and type of water. Two variations are done on the sample, i.e. the water is initially heated infinitesimally and the water is not heated. Both samples are cooled together in a freezer. For some period of time their temperature is measured. The experiment is repeated nine times. Based on the analysis, water that is initially heated infinitesimally takes shorter time to reach zero centigrade than water that is initially unheated. The cooling graph of water that is initially heated infinitesimally intersects the cooling graph of water that is initially unheated. The intersection lies between 5.5oC until 26.5o C. From all parameters that are obtained from the data analysis, it can be concluded that the Mpemba effect occurs consistently in the cooling process of tap water that is initially heated infinitesimally.   Key words: Mpemba effect, freezing, tap water, infinitesimal heating, cooling, time
Pola adsorpsi pewarna azo oleh biosorben dari kulit pisang Endang Widjajanti LFX; Marfuatun '; Dewi Yuanita
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3292

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to determine the optimum mass, optimum agitation times and the   effect of the concentration of direct red dye was adsorbed by charcoal of ambon and kepok banana peels. And to determine the influence of activator concentration of NaOH on the adsorption capacity of ambon and kepok banana peels on the adsorption of direct red dye. The subject of this study is the ambon and kepok banana peels. The object of this study is the efficiency of adsorption. The parameters in this study are the mass of adsorbent, agitation times, dye concentrations, and the concentration of NaOH activator. Adsorption capacity of banana peels to direct red dye is determined by the difference of concentration before and after adsorption. The concentration of dye was determined using a spectrophotometer at an optimum wavelength of visible light. The result shows that the optimum mass and agitation time for direct red dye adsorption which are adsorbed by the charcoal both of ambon and kepok banana peels adsorbent is 0.5 grams per 50 mL of the adsorbate and 2 hours, respectively. Direct red dye concentration does not affect the efficiency of adsorption ambon banana peel charcoal but influences the efficiency of adsorption kepok banana peel charcoal. The greatest adsorption ability of ambon and kepok  banana peels are given by NaOH activator at 0.5 M and 1 M. Key words: banana peel, banana peel charcoal, direct red, agitation time
Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak herba meniran (phyllanthus niruri, l.) terhadap ukuran dan struktur histologik kelenjar prostat tikus jantan (rattus norvegicus, l.) Ciptono '; Tri Harjana
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3293

Abstract

Abstract Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri, L.) known as a beneficial rich plant. This research aimed to see its influence to size measured and histological structure of male mouse prostate gland (Rattus norvegicus, L.). Adult male white rat, 24 heads, age ±2,5 months, divided to become six treatment groups covering: A (control), B (placebo), C (0,7 mg/200g bw), D (0,9 mg/200g bw), E (1,8 mg/200g bw) and F (2,7 mg/200g bw). Treatment of herb meniran extract per oral counted 2,0 ml/day during 49 days (one cycle of rat spermatogenesis). Research conducted in LP3HP UGM, animal house, and histology laboratory of Biology Education Department FMIPA UNY. On day-50, each treatment killed and cut open to be taken its prostate gland, then diameter of this organ measured, fixated, and processed for the making of microanatomical slide preparats with paraffin method. Data covered the prostate glands weight and diameter, tested with Analysis Variance (ANOVA = 0,01 or 0,05), then continued with Duncan’s Test (DMRT). Qualitative analysis conducted on histological structure of prostate glands and presented on microphotographs. Result of research showed that extract of meniran influenced the size of male white rat prostate gland. The higher concentration tend to degrade prostate gland diameter size. Extract of meniran have a qualitative effect on histological structure of male rat prostate gland. This showed from  the higher extract concentration give influence progressively thickness lost of lobular epitel wall and decreasing of mass secretions in the prostate gland luminal.   Keywords: rat, prostate gland, meniran, histology.
A study of frustrated system in 2 dimensional triangular lattice antiferromagnet using the Ising model Noor Rika Safitri; Aini Rahmatun Ummi Fadlilah; Denny Darmawan; Yosi Aprian Sari
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3294

Abstract

Abstract This research was aimed to simulate the ground state and magnetization of antiferromagnet under the influence of temperature and competing interaction. The effect of competing interaction to phase transition was also investigated. The competition occurred between the nearest neighbour interaction and the next nearest neighbour interaction in the triangular lattice. The simulation was done using the 2 dimensions Ising model with Monte Carlo method combined with Metropolis algorithm. The results showed that the ground state energy increased significantly at the critical temperature (Neel’s temperature). When the competing interaction increased, the ground state energy of the lowest temperature decreased. Based on the magnetization, due to the increase of the competing interactions, the phase transitionfrom antiferromagnet to paramagnet occurred at a higher Neel’s temperature.   Key words: antiferromagnet, Ising model, competing interaction, Neel’s temperature
Bifurkasi pitchfork pada sistem flutter sayap pesawat terbang Hartono '; Kus Prihantoso Krisnawan
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3295

Abstract

  Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terjadinya bifurkasi pada sistem flutter. Sistem flutter merupakan model matematika dari fenomena ketidakstabilan dinamik yang terjadi pada struktur fleksibel pesawat terbang karena adanya gaya aerodinamis yang ditambahkan. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara mentransformasi sistem berdasarkan teori center manifold sehingga didapatkan bentuk normal suatu bifurkasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada sistem flutter terjadi bifurkasi pitchfork. Kata kunci: bifurkasi pitchfork, sistem flutter, center manifold  
Finding the optimum curvature strains and elasticity constant K_4 for nematic liquid crystals using minimization of the Frank-Oseen free energy density functional Supardi, Supardi
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3296

Abstract

Abstract The study was conducted to obtain the six optimum curvature strains of Frank-Oseen free energy density functional shown by the minimum value of the functional. The six curvature strains determine the orientation of liquid crystals, namely splay, twist, and bend. The study also determines the elasticity constants K4, where the combination of K2 and K4 are the saddle-splay constant. The influence of these constants is not too large compared to the other constants, but still needs to be taken into account. To obtain the six curvature strains and elastic constants K4, this study used simulated annealing method, a method that uses the analogy of the temperature decreasing gradually in order to obtain the configuration of crystalline state. Based on this study, it was found that the orientation of splay and twist gives a greater contribution than the orientation of bend in the PAA and MBBA nematic materials, respectively at temperatures of 125o C and 25o C and by using the values of K1, K2, and K3 at these temperaturesit is obtained that the magnitude of K4is in accordance with that recommended by Ericksen. Keywords:elasticity constant, Frank-Oseen free energy density, MBBA, nematic, PAA, simulated annealing
Eksistensi dan ketunggalan solusi persamaan panas Eminugroho Ratna Sari; Dwi Lestari; Fitriana Yuli Saptaningtyas
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 2, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jsd.v2i2.3297

Abstract

Abstrak Suatu persamaan diferensial parsial belum tentu mempunyai solusi tunggal. Sehingga perlu diselidiki kapan untuk suatu persamaan diferensial parsial yang dilengkapi nilai awal dan syarat batas pasti mempunyai solusi. Lebih lanjut, apakah solusinya tunggal. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas eksistensi dan ketunggalan solusipersamaan diferensial parsial untuk persamaan panas. Pembahasan akan dimulai dari pembentukan persamaan panas. Selanjutnya akan diselidiki eksistensi dan ketunggalan solusinya yang dilengkapi dengan syarat awal dan batas.   Kata kunci: eksistensi, ketunggalan, solusi, persamaan panas

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