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Insignia: Journal of International Relations

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : 20891962 EISSN : 25979868 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 177 Documents

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Sovereignty and Responsibility in Global Refugee Protection and Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century Zayzda, Nurul Azizah
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 2 No 02 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

AbstractThis paper is concerned on the interlinking politics in refugee protection and humanitarian intervention as well as the trends of developments in refugee protection that has been undermined especially in a number of developed countries. In international protections, sovereignty always appear as a major debate since protections involve interference by external forces (in humanitarian intervention) or arrivals of external populations (in refugee protection). The sense of responsibility, referring to the political willingness to provide protection or assistance have been influenced by the understanding on sovereignty. The aim of this paper is to explain how the concepts have been contested through practices of refugee protection and responsibility to protect. In order to demonstrate the issue of sovereignty and responsibility at hand, this paper departs from the discussion of the two concepts as found in the historical accounts of the protection regimes which are refugee protection and the humanitarian intervention. The following part discusses the recent development of the two regimes of international protection. Within each part, the notion of sovereignty and responsibility are assessed from the practices of the two regimes. From the discussion, it can be understood that the ways these concepts were produced and contested reflect the presence of a bigger framework namely politics of human rights which tend to be dominated by the interests of big political power. Keywords: sovereignty, responsibility, human rights, refugee protection, humanitarian intervention, responsibility to protect. AbstrakTulisan ini ingin mendalami keterkaitan politik HAM dalam perkembangan perlindungan pengungsi lintas batas dan intervensi kemanusiaan serta dampaknya berupa kecenderungan membatasi laju pengungsi di sejumlah negara maju. Dalam perlindungan internasional, kedaulatan selalu muncul sebagai debat utama karena perlindungan masyarakat terdampak melibatkan keterlibatan kekuatan/militer eksternal (dalam intervensi kemanusiaan) atau kedatangan populasi eksternal (dalam perlindungan pengungsi). Rasa tanggung jawab, merujuk kepada kemauan politis untuk memberikan perlindungan atau bantuan, dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana kedaulatan ini dipahami. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana kedaulatan dan tanggung jawab dikontestasi melalui praktek perlindungan pengungsi lintas batas dan intervensi kemanusiaan. Untuk menunjukkan isu kedaulatan dan tanggung jawab, tulisan ini berangkat dari pembahasan mengenai kedua konsep yang terdapat dalam sejarah dari rezim perlindungan pengungsi lintas batas dan intervensi kemanusiaan. Bagian berikutnya membahas perkembangan dari dua rezim internasional perlindungan bagi masyarakat terdampak. Di bagian ini, gagasan kedaulatan dan tanggung jawab harus dipelajari dari praktek-praktek dua rezim perlindungan internasional tersebut. Dari diskusi yang ada, dapat dipahami bahwa konsep yang diproduksi dan dikontestasi merupakan bagian dari kerangka yang lebih besar yaitu politik HAM yang cenderung masih didominasi oleh kepentingan kelompok negara dengan kekuatan politik yang besar. Kata-Kata Kunci: kedaulatan, tanggung jawab, politik HAM, perlindungan pengungsi lintas batas, intervensi kemanusiaan.

Russia Domination Policy: Implementation of Military Operation in Ukraine (2014 – 2015) Manurung, Hendra
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 4 No 02 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

AbstrakFederasi Rusia merupakan aktor global yang menerapkan kebijakan tegas terhadap Ukraina. Guna mencapai tujuan politik nasional Rusia yang dikendalikan dari Moskwa, melalui operasi militer di tahun 2014, didefinisikan bagaimana negara tersebut berperilaku. Melalui kombinasi operasi militer dan non-militer, Rusia secara perlahan memperoleh kekuasaan melalui aneksasi Krimea. Efektivitas metoda ini dipergunakan untuk menentukan strategi perang Rusia saat ini. Dengan demikian menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri dan kebijakan pertahanan Rusia dari tahun 2000 hingga 2013 yang memiliki ketergantungan pada lingkungan strategis Ukraina terhadap Rusia, dan kepentingan nasional Rusia pada Ukraina. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pencapaian tujuan politik Rusia dalam operasi militer yang dilaksanakan di Ukraina dan menganalisa komponen keamanan nasional Rusia yang signifikan mempengaruhi interaksi konflik asimetrik.Kata-kata kunci: keamanan nasional, tujuan politik, operasi militer, perilaku negara AbstractRussia Federation as global actor applied its policies towards Ukraine remains assertive. In pursuing state’s political objectives from Moscow, the escalation of military operation in 2014 defined as the way on how the state behaves. By means of the combination of military and non-military measures on the conduct of operation, Russia is now slowly regaining its power through the annexation of Crimea. The effectiveness of this method determines to be Russia’s strategy on contemporary warfare. Thus, it explains how Russian foreign and defense policy from 2000 to 2013 that depend on surrounding strategic environment of Ukraine to Russia, and the national interests of Russia to Ukraine. The main focus of this research is on the achievement of Russia’s political objective in its military operation in Ukraine and analysis on Russia’s national security components that are significantly influence the interaction of this asymmetric conflict.Keywords: national security, political objectives, military operations, state’s behavior

Gagasan Human Security Dan Kebijakan Keamanan Nasional Indonesia Fitrah, Elpeni
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 2 No 01 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

AbstractThis paper discusses the application of human security concept in national security policy inIndonesia. Societal change towards democratization after reform and the ongoing security sectorreform process in Indonesia has impacted on the changing security paradigm from highly state centeredsecurity into the paradigms that are more concern to non-traditional issues such as humansecurity (people-centered security). Regardless of the pros and cons as well as the breadth of themeaning of the human security concept, the concept of human security is viewed in this paper as apoint of view (perspective) or the government guidelines for setting national security policy. Thispaper argues that Indonesia has put the idea of human security in its national security policy, butits implementation has not been so good. Individuals or human beings or citizens in the concept ofhuman security in Indonesia are defined as social beings who are bound with their community. Keywords: security, human security, National Security Act Draft, National Security Policy. AbstrakTulisan ini membahas penerapan konsep human security dalam kebijakan keamanan nasionalIndonesia. Perubahan sosial menuju demokratisasi setelah melewati era reformasi serta prosesreformasi sector keamanan yang tengah berlangsung di Indonesia berdampak pada berubahnyaparadigmn keamanan- dari konsep keamanan yang sangat terpusat pada keamanan Negara kedalam isu-isu yang lebih bersifat non-tradisional seperti human security (keamanan yang terpusatpada manusia). Terdapat banyak pro dan kontra serta pengertian yang luas dari konsep humansecurity, namun di tulisan ini human security akan dilihat sebagai perspektif atau acuan bagipemerintah untuk mengatur kebijakan mengenai keamanan nasional. Tulisan ini berargumenbahwa Indonesia telah meletakkan ide human security dalam kebijakan keamanan nasional, namunimplementasinya masih belum sempurna. Individu atau manusia atau warga negara dalam konsephuman security di Indonesia didefinisikan sebagai makhluk sosial yang terikat dengankomunitasnya. Kata-kata kunci: keamanan, human security, rancangan UU Keamanan Nasional, kebijakankeamanan nasional.

Politik Identitas dalam Sejarah Pembentukan Negara Israel Fitrah, Elpeni
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 1 No 01 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This paper discusses how the political identity becomes a motive of Israel state formation. Identitypolitics is a part of cultural politics which consisted by race, religion, ethnic and culture. TheAuthor identified identity politics as a concept or political movement which focusing into diversity.The main argument of this paper is Israel has succeed utilize its cultural identity narrative to unitethe perception of the Jewish around the world to reproduce as a historical justification as well asthe tools of politics for the sake of the embodiment of national ideals in establishing their ownnation state. Keywords: Identity Politics, Narrative, Perception, Israel

Pengaruh Persepsi Konstruksi Sosial Kawasan Asia Timur Terhadap Kebijakan Nuklir Korea Utara: Analisis Pada Perubahan Sikap Sikap Korea Utara Menuju Deklarasi Panmunjom Satria, Arda Vicky; Puspita, Rizky Herdiyanti; Kristiono, Michael J.
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The East Asian stability and security conundrum is partially caused by the unwillingness of North Korea to dismantle its nuclear armaments despite international pressure. However, recent development shows that North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un has adopted a milder stance as he signed Panmunjom Declaration on 27 April 2018. Using Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) prescribed by Buzan and Wæver (2003) as the framework of analysis, this paper argues that the unprecedented change of policy is a part of North Korean response towards the dynamics of regional security in East Asia. In this paper, the four essential variables of East Asia security complex are being analyzed, namely geographical boundary, anarchic structure, polarity and social construction. It is found that there has been a change in North Korea’s perception of the amity-enmity pattern, that is, the social construction of the region. With the switch of perception, North Korea views that there is a lower level of threat posed by the region towards its national interests. As such, North Korea finds that it is beneficial to comply with denuclearization demands in order to gain a better standing with the international community. Keywords: denuclearization, East Asia, Regional Security Complex, North Korea

Penguatan Diplomasi Ekonomi Tiongkok di ASEAN melalui ACFTA Upgrading Protocol Nugraha, Calista Laurinne
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The relationship between China and ASEAN through ASEAN - China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) has been going on for more than a decade. Unfortunately, during this period, it turned out that ACFTA received a lot of criticism. One of them is not significantly increasing trade – especially in ASEAN – as in the initial goal so that ACFTA was agreed to be reviewed in the ACFTA Upgrading Protocol asigned on November 21, 2015. However, in the renewal, China then insisted that ACFTA have a new cooperation agenda in the e-commerce sector. Even after that, multinational e-commerce companies from China such as Alibaba and Tencent began to expand into the ASEAN region, while ASEAN was not an e-commerce domain because the infrastructure was inadequate as in terms of internet speed and logistics network. This study aims to analyze why China added e-commerce cooperation in the ACFTA Upgrading Protocol. Using qualitative research methods and the concept of economic diplomacy, this research finds that the expansion of the ACFTA cooperation domain to the e-commerce sector is China's diplomatic strategy to strengthen its domination in ASEAN in order to achieve its vision as "strong internet power" (Wanglou Qiangguo). This vision was manifested in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) political agenda and the Internet Plus Strategy that was launched in 2013.

Counter Hegemony Cina Terhadap Dominasi Peradaban Barat yang Nampak dalam Film “The Great Wall” Wijaya, Clara Tirta; Kusumawardhana, Indra
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Menguatnya negara besar Cina, baik pada dimensi politik ataupun ekonomi, memunculkan fenomena semakin banyaknya film yang bernuansa peradaban Cina di dalam pasar film dunia. Film “The Great Wall” adalah salah satunya, dimana kerja sama antara Barat dan Cina menjadi keunikan dari film tersebut. Penelitian ini akan menelaah film “The Great Wall” menggunakan pendekatan counter hegemony Gramsci yang dipadukan dengan analisis wacana untuk mengklaim bahwasanya film tersebut merupakan salah satu wujud dari counter hegemony yang nampak di era kebangkitan negara besar Cina terhadap peradaban Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menekankan pada analisis wacana untuk menangkap upaya counter hegemony Cina melalui media film, dalam rangka menantang interpretasi dari berbagai film yang mengedepankan superioritas peradaban Barat dibandingkan peradaban Timur yakni Cina. Hasil analisis wacana dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa film “The Great Wall” dapat memenuhi tiga momen yang dinyatakan oleh Gramsci yaitu sosial, politik, dan militer sebagai struktur dasar yang menopang hegemoni. Hal ini tentunya dapat memunculkan persepsi di benak masyarakat dimana pesan – pesan yang disampaikan di dalam film “The Great Wall” ini mengangkat pemahaman ideologis serta pemaknaan eksistensi peradaban Cina yang lebih maju dan bijaksana, kontras dengan peradaban barat yang selama ini dianggap lebih superior dan dominan di dalam arus sejarah.

Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia dalam Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): Peluang dan Tantangan Prasetya, Dion Maulana; Estriani, Heavy Nala
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This article analyzed the opportunities and challenges of Indonesia maritime diplomacy in the context of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). As part of the effort to realize the policy of global maritime fulcrum, Indonesia utilizes maritime diplomacy to look for the close cooperation and agreements with IORA member countries. Up to date, Indonesian foreign policy, specifically in the maritime field is tending to be more dominant to the Pacific Ocean rather than the Indian Ocean. Thus, this paper will explain how Indonesia implements its maritime diplomacy within IORA, and what the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesia inside the association. Using the method of literature study, this descriptive paper uses the concept of maritime diplomacy and global maritime fulcrum in order to explain the study. This paper argues that IORA’s strategic policy in maritime security and economic policies, links with Indonesia policy in global maritime fulcrum. Thus, Indonesia uses maritime diplomacy to take the advantages and opportunities to enhance maritime connectivity and cooperation with IORA members. Nevertheless, several issues challenge Indonesia like the increasing of great power states maritime influence such as India and China in the Indian Ocean, as well as challenges in integrating IORA member states.

Analisis Pendekatan Trust Politic Korea Selatan dalam Penyelesaian Hambatan Reunifikasi di Semenanjung Korea Fitrah, Elpeni; Ramadhani, Zakie Andiko
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This research investigates on South Korea trust politic approach under Park Geun Hye administration to handle the challenges of Korean reunification in Korean Peninsula based constructivism perspective. There are third challenges that faced by South Korea within Korean reunification which is international community believed on these challenges. Those challenges are the differences of ideology and system between South and North Korea, South Korea and United States of America military provocation, and North Korea’s nuclear weapon program. The type of this research is qualitative research that used secondary data by desk research approach and also using explanation methods to analyse the topic. Based on the result of this research, by using constructivism perspective those problems are not relevan more as barrier for Korean reunification in Korean peninsula. Today, the main problem to Korean reunification is what researcher called with “trust deficit” and identity changed. So that’s why South Korea used this kind approach where a structure of mistrust and confrontation is replaced by that of trust and cooperation. This structure changing is hoped to increase the possibility of reunification in Korean Peninsula between South and North Korea in the future.

Menguatnya Popularitas Turki di Indonesia: Faktor Ikhwanul Muslimin sebagai Identitas Kolektif Aiqani, Nabhan
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 5 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ABSTRACT   This article aims to discuss the strengthening of the Turkish phenomenon in Indonesia as indicated by the popular figure of Erdogan among the people of the country. This popularity was demonstrated by the emergence of various communities, reviews, and discussions about Turkey and Erdogan. Very rare things before. To analyze this phenomenon, researchers rely on the concept of collective identity in understanding the identity between Turkey which is currently led by Erdogan and the identity of Islamic groups in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the strengthening of Turkish and Erdogan influence in Indonesia due to the factor of collective identity as the Muslim Brotherhood, in which several Islamic groups in Indonesia also make it an ideological inspiration in movement activities. So, on this basis, the echo of Turkey and Erdogan became very popular in Indonesia through the activities and narratives built by the Islamic group.   Keywords: Turkey, Muslim Brotherhood, Islamic Group in Indonesia, Collective Identity     ABSTRAK   Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai menguatnya fenomena Turki di Indonesia yang ditunjukkan dengan populernya sosok Erdogan dikalangan masyarakat tanah air. Kepopuler itu ditunjukkan dengan munculnya berbagai komunitas, ulasan, maupun diskusi seputar Turki dan Erdogan. Hal yang sangat jarang terjadi sebelumnya. Untuk menganalisi fenomena tersebut, peneliti menyandarkan konsep identitas kolektif dalam memahami indentitas antara Turki yang dipimpin oleh Erdogan saat ini dan identitas kelompok Islam di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menguatnya pengaruh Turki dan Erdogan di Indonesia dikarenakan faktor kesamaan identitas kolektif sebagai Ikhwanul Muslimin yang mana beberapa kelompok Islam di Indonesia juga menjadikannya sebagai inspirasi ideologis dalam aktivitas gerakan. Sehingga, atas dasar hal tersebut, gaung Turki dan Erdogan menjadi amat populer di Indonesia melalui aktivitas dan narasi yang dibangun oleh kelompok islam tersebut.   Kata Kunci: Turki, Ikhwanul Muslimin, Kelompok Islam di Indonesia, Identitas Kolektif      

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