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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia

CHEMICA
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Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ISSN : 2355875X EISSN : 23558776 DOI : 10.26555

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.

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Articles 178 Documents

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Penerapan Metode Taguchi pada Perancangan Eksperimen Beton Geopolimer Berbasis Abu Layang anggarini, ufafa; Kosada, Claudia; Sukmana, Ndaru Candra
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

PT Petrokima Gresik produces fly ash from coal burning about 8048,89 tons in 2015. In general, one ton of coal burning can produce around 0.15 to 0.17 tons of fly ash waste. Fly ash waste can be utilized as a mixture where the main elements of fly ash are aluminum and silica, fulfilling criteria as the material having cement and geopolymer properties. Geopolymer preparation can be done by the sol-gel method at low temperature, where the emission of CO2 gas produced is a minimum amount. The problem faced is finding the right composition of geopolymer so that it produces the maximum compressive strength. One way is by designing a Taguchi experiment. The choice of the Taguchi method is based on the advantages of this method that can combine experimental results through controlled factors and optimal levels so it can achieve the maximum compressive strength of geopolymer. This research used 3 levels (-1,0,1) and 4 factors of fly ash, the solid/liquid ratio (SL), the molarity of NaOH (A), Sand/pasta geopolymer ratio (P/PG). Anova test showed significant effect on compressive strength of fly ash, S / L and A with value of 12,27> 2,90; 61,12> 2,90; 19,477> 2,90. While the value for P / PG is 1.92 <2.90 where the value of F-statistic is less than F table which means P / PG does not significantly affect the compressive strength of Geopolymer. With S/N higher is better to know the optimum composition of fly ash, S / L, A and P / PG equal to: 370 gram; 2.33 (70:30); 9 Molar, and 1.5. The prediction of Geopolymer maximum compressive strength with Taguchi method was obtained 18,71 Mpa.Â Keywords: Â Fly ash, Optimation, Taguchi, Geopolymer

Kinetika Reaksi Poliesterifikasi Hidrolisat Shellac dan Anhidrida Ftalat Ditinjau Dari Reaktivitas Gugus Hidroksil Saputri, Lestari Hetalesi; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Budhijanto, Budhijanto
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

This research presents polyesterification kinetics for shellac hydrolizate-phtalic anhydride. The polyesterification kinetics is proposed by assuming that the reaction Â in ideal system, whereas the reactivity of the OH groups are considered different. Polyesterification was started from purification of shelllac by hydrolisis process. Hydrolisis was done by dissolving seedlac into NaOH solution and acidification with HCl. Polyesterification was conducted by reacting shellac hydrolizate with phtalic anhydride. Both of these materials were reacted in a three necked flask under vacuum condition. The reaction was conducted in temperature range of 130-170 0C and samples were taken every 30 minutes for a total of 5 hours, to determine the COOH concentration by titration. The investigation of reaction kinetic showed that reaction model Â could describe the kinetic of polyesterification shellac hydrolizate-phthalic anhydride, especially for temperature below 150 0C. The reaction rate constants were obtained as follows:k1 = 19.7 e (-3802.82/T) g/mgek.menitk2 = 29.4 e (-4062.30/T) g/mgek.menit

Adsorption Process for Acrylic Acid Removal from Wastewater Mat Saad, Nur Sakinah
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The objectives of this study were to develop the mathematical model of the adsorption process of the acrylic acid by using the activated carbon and also to validate the simulation of the adsorption process by using the experimental data. Simulation of the adsorption process is necessary to understand the acrylic acid removal using adsorption process. Acrylic acid is removed from the waste water because it can cause serious damage to the environment due to its high toxicity for the aquatic organisms. As a conclusion, the objective is expected to achieve. The new mathematical model of the adsorption process of the acrylic acid by using the activated carbon can be created. The validation of the simulation is carried out to compare the simulation data with the experiment data.

Pengaruh Luas Perpindahan Panas Kondensor Terhadap Volume Asap Cair Terkondensasi Hasil Pirolisis Tempurung Kelapa Jamilatun, Siti; Nurkholis, Nurkholis
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

One of the products that can be made from coconut shell is making coconut shell carcoal by pyrolysis. In the pyrolysis process also produced liquid smoke, tar and uncondensed gasses. Liquid smoke is a byproduct of the activated charcoal industry has high economic value when compared with discharged into the atmosphere. Liquid smoke is a substance derived from the change of state to a liquid smoke, this process involves a change in the form of process heat transfer to the refrigerant fumes. Liquid smoke obtained simultaneously with the process of making charcoal (carbonization), smoke arising from incomplete combustion piped so that condensation will occur fluid droplets called liquid smoke. For coconut shell weight of 5 kg and 4 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 205 ml with a pyrolysis time 90 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.076965 m2. For coconut shell weight of 5 kg and 8 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 215 ml with a pyrolysis time 90 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 1.027437 m2. For coconut shell weight of 10 kg and 4 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid is 183 ml with a pyrolysis time 300 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.060404 m2. For 10 kg weight coconut shell and 8 pipes condensor, the optimal volume of liquid smoke is 205 ml with a pyrolysis time 210 minutes and the theory of heat transfer surface area 0.066801 m2.

Pemisahan Hasil Cair Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Pembungkus dengan Distilasi Batch Salamah, Siti; Aktawan, Agus
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Plastics waste has become a major issue for environment. Since it invented in 1907 plastic has become most used component on our daily lives. Plastic has many adavantages compared to other materials. In general plastic has a low density, light, varying strength and low manufacturing cost. However, plastic cannot degraded naturally and when not used anymore it will pollute the enviroment. One of method to degrade plastic is pyrolysis. In this method plastic will degrade to hydrocarbon which can used as liquid fuel. Pyrolysis of plastic occurs at high temperature of about 400 oC under free oxygen environment and produces small moleculer weight molecules. This research was conducted to determine the composition products of pyrolysis selective plastic at 450 oC in previous research. The method which used to separate products of pyrolysis is distillation with temperature between 50 oC to 240 oC to obtain liquid fuel as products of pyrolysis plastic. The results of this research were the distillate at 170 oC, 190 oC, 200 oC, 210 oC, 220 oC and 240 oC with volume 2 mL, 4,7 mL, 2,3 mL, 2,5 mL, 5,0 mL and 4,9 mL. And the most products component of pyrolysis plastic in previous research was obtain at 190 oC, 220 oC and 240 oC.

Biodiesel dari Limbah Pabrik Gula dan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) dengan Katalisator Zeolit Alam Klinoptilolite Harjanti, Ratna Sri; Rahmanta, Anugrah Perdana
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The fuel price increase with the increase of the number of transportation due to the increasing numbers of the population. Indonesia with more than 200 million people in need of transportation fuels in the form of gasoline and diesel in large quantities. Currently the main source of transportation fuels derived from petroleum. Premium production in Indonesia is about 62 million barrels and production of about 87 million barrels of diesel fuel. The product does not include the use for other needs, such as lubricating oil, kerosene, avgas, as well as other materials. This is particularly worrying given the oil reserves are dwindling. One of the alternative energy for transportation fuels is biodiesel as a substitute for diesel fuel.The castor oil has potential to be used as biodiesel. Fusel oil is a sugar mill waste containing alcohol. The reaction between castor oil and fusel oil with natural zeolite catalyst klinoptilolite be referred to as alcoholysis reactions that produce esters. Castor oil and fusel oil mixed with zeolite powder klinoptilolite that previously had been heated in a separate place until it reached its boiling temperature. Three neck flask fitted with a thermometer, hoses trailer makers, heater, and the agitator on 100 rpm with 100 oC of temperature. Snapshot taken at intervals of 30 minutes each. Conversion reaction calculated by analyzing the levels of glycerol bottom layer by means asetin. Alcoholysis fusel oil and castor oil with natural zeolite catalyst klinoptilolite produce esters that are approaching the properties of diesel oil with a calorific value of 19 119 Btu/lb. Optimum conversion of 57 % was obtained in alcohol - oil ratio of 9.29 mgek/mgek and the addition of a catalyst as much as 2.56% of the weight of oil.

Analisis Mutu Pascapanen Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Kultivar Glamour Sakata Selama Penyimpanan Khairi, Amalya Nurul; Falah, Affan Fajar; Pamungkas, Agung Putra
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The aims of this study are to observe the postharvest effect of storage and traditional marketâs material handling on the quality of melon fruit Sakata cultivar. The physical qualities of melon fruit been observed were weight (measured by a scale), diameter and length (by sliding range), also fruit peel and flesh (with Zwick Type Universal Testing Machine DO-FB0.5TS). Chemical qualities of Sakata melon been observed were water content (thermogravimetric), Â°Brix sucrose (refractometer ABBE), pH (pH-meter), total carotene, total acid, and vitamin C with destructive methods.Storaging melon with traditional market method resulted in decreasing the value of physical parameters and increasing chemical parameters. Sakata melon softened during storage with fruit peel texture values was 6.45-8.07 N and fruit flesh texture was 1.4-2.06 N. The weight loss of Sakata melon was 0.06-0.25 kg, diameter dropped 0.0-0.6 cm, and length dropped 0.1- 0.5 cm during storage. Water content decreased from 92.84% to 91.19%. Sucrose content increase with values of 5.74-7.7 oBrix. Vitamin C levels showed a low and fluctuating value, 14.52-19.91 mg/100g. The melon fruit was slightly acidic with pH ranging from 6.2-6.96 and the total acid increased from 0.16 mg ek/100 g on the initial day to 0.31 mg ek/100 g on the eleventh day of storage. The total carotene content of melons ranged between 4.23-5.64 mg/100 g and indicated the flesh color of melon was getting more orange during storage.

Penentuan Komposisi Optimum Pembuatan Paving Block Berbahan Pasir Silika Proses Sand Blasting dengan Metode Taguchi sukmana, ndaru candra; Prasetyono, Dedy Eko; anggraini, ufafa
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Sandblasting process by using silica sand will produce waste of silica sand at least 70%. Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) Industry produces a waste of untreated and unused sandblasting sand silica from sandblasting process. Silica sand waste sandblasting process is a dangerous waste. On the other hand development in Indonesia will increase. It takes a large amount of raw materials to meet development needs. One of the raw materials is paving block. Silica sand waste can be utilized as an alternative material for making paving block. In this research, the experiment design used is Taguchi method. The Taguchi method is used to determine the effect of silica sand waste and the optimum composition on the paving block to produce maximum compressive strength value. The results of this study indicate that silica sand waste hasnât an significant effect on the compressive strength of paving block and the optimum composition is 1.1 kg of cement, 2.5 kg of sand, and 2 kg of silica sand which produce a compressive strength of 21,56 MPa. The compressive strength is compliant with paving block SNI-03-0691-1996 on the classification of B quality that is with a minimum compressive strength of 17.0 MPa.Keywords: Â sandblasting wate, paving block, taguchi method

Pemanfaatan limbah Tandan kosong kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Glukosa Pranoto, Heri
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstractThe use of increase in plantation and production of crude palm oil (CPO), will be the more industrial waste generated. Based on statistics book published by DG oil palm plantations, the 2004 acreage of palm oil is 5.2 million hectares and in 2014 had reached 10.9 million hectares with a production of 29.3 million tons of CPO. One of the biggest wastes from palm oil mill is empty fruit bunches (EFB). During the utilization of empty fruit bunches just as boiler fuel, compost and as pavers in oil palm plantations. Though EFB potential to be developed into a more useful. One of them as raw material for making glucose. The process of creating glucose from empty fruit bunches, starts from the beginning that process of delignification treatment with NaOH solution of 17.5% followed by the hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes. The testing process on the study include is kappa test, lignin, cellulose and glucose test (through enzymatic hydrolysis process). The highest glucose obtained from the hydrolysis of the pH variation is at pH 5 and hydrolysis time 28hour with levels of 1.2% and for the greatest levels of temperature variation obtained at a temperature of 35 Â° C time hidolisis 28 hour with glucose levels of 1.2272% of each of dry weight (EFB).Keywords: Glucose; hydrolysis; EFB

PENGARUH METODE KOAGULASI, SEDIMENTASI DAN VARIASI FILTRASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TSS, COD DAN WARNA PADA LIMBAH CAIR BATIK Rahmah, Rahmah; Mulasari, Surahma Asti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Batik Â industry Â in Â Indonesia Â increased, Â so Â that Â the Â impact Â result Â from the production Â process Â in Â the Â form Â of Â wastewater Â is Â increasing. Â Wastewater disposal after staining andÂ Â washingÂ Â Â processÂ Â Â withoutÂ Â Â processingÂ Â Â willÂ Â Â improve environmental contamination such as TSS, COD and color levels. The problems of batik wastewater contamination can be resolved by treatment of wastewater in chemistry and physics. One way batik wastewater treatment are coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Filtration media are used as filter media is activated charcoal, quartz sand and zeolite. The purpose Â of Â this Â research Â to Â determine Â the Â effect Â of Â coagulation, Â sedimentation Â and filtration variation method to decreased levels of TSS, COD and color in the wastewater of batik. The type of this research was a true experiment with pre-test post-test group design. Â Samples Â of Â this Â research Â were Â batik Â wastewater Â with Â levels Â of Â TSS, Â COD Â and color Â are Â 818 Â mg/ Â l, Â 1133,57 Â mg/ Â l Â and Â 100 Â TCU. Â Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The Â result Â after Â treatment Â of Â coagulation, Â sedimentation Â and Â filtration Â variety occurs Â decreased Â levels Â of Â TSS, Â COD Â and Â color Â on Â filtration Â variation Â of Â activated charcoal Â and Â quartz Â sand, Â respectively Â for Â 99,8%, Â 99,49% Â and Â 99,6%, Â variation Â of Â the zeolite filtration and activated charcoal was, 99,6%, 92,31% and 99,5%, and Â variations in zeolite filtration and quartz sand was 99,7%, 89,92% and 99,3%. Based on the statistical test using ANOVA test on the TSS levels were obtained p= 0,190, while the COD were obtained value of p= 0,008 and the value of color was p= 0,017. The methods of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration variation using activated charcoal, quartz sand and zeolite can reduce TSS, COD and color levels. Â There is no difference between the Â Â variation of filtration to decrease levels of TSS, while there is a difference between the variation filtration to decreased levels of effluent COD and color Batik.

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