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IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience

IJOG
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Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia

ISSN : 23559314 EISSN : 23559306 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.

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Articles 631 Documents

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Perkembangan Geologi pada Kuarter Awal sampai Masa Sejarah di Dataran Yogyakarta Mulyaningsih, Sri; Sampurno, Sampurno; Zaim, Yahdi; Puradimaja, Deny Juanda; Bronto, Sutikno; Siregar, Darwin Alijasa
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no2.20065The uplift of Southern Mountains in Early Pleistocene has formed the Yogyakarta Basin. In this basin, the Merapi volcanic activity has been developing. Based on 14C dating in cinder deposits exposed at Cepogo, the volcanic activity took place since Â±42 ka. While on the basis of K/Ar dating in andesitic lava at Bibi Volcano, the activity took place since 0.67 ma. The high in the south and the appearance of Merapi volcanic dome in the north had caused a fl at valley. The southern part of the valley is bounded by the Southern Mountains and the western part is bounded by the West Progo Mountains. In the present time, the lithology of the areas which are interpreted as a palaeo-valley is composed of black clay deposits. This black clay is a contact between the basement rocks and Merapi volcanic deposits. The black clay deposits exposed in the Progo River (Kasihan) has been developed since Â±16.59 to 0.47 ka, while in the Opak River (Watuadeg) 6210 y BP. Younger black clay deposits intersecting with lahars are also exposed at the Winongo River and have an age of 310 y BP. The age data of volcanic stratigraphy shows that Merapi activities had taken place since Â±6210 up to Â±310 years ago. Â

Sebaran akuifer dan pola aliran air tanah di Kecamatan Batuceper dan Kecamatan Benda Kota Tangerang, Propinsi Banten Hadian, Mohamad Sapari; Mardiana, Undang; Abdurahman, Oman; Iman, Munib Ikhwatun
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20061Geologically the Batuceper and Benda Sub-Regencies belongs to the western part of the Jakarta Basin. The area is covered by coastal alluvial and delta deposits, and volcanic product. Understanding the distribution and groundwater pattern, either in the shallow part or the deep part, are of the basic thing for a geometric model and its groundwater fl ow in identifying the groundwater conservation. The result of the aquifer distribution, either in the shallow or the depth parts, was approached by the geoelectrical and hydrogeological surveys in the fi eld and well data that has resulted in aquifer distribution, either in the shallow or the deep parts. In general, the shallow aquifer developed downward becomes semi confi ned and confi ned aquifers. Groundwater fl ow pattern indicated local cones depression of groundwater level, especially around the city. Depression of groundwater level is considered to be related to the natural shape of aquifer as lences. However, it was possible to be caused by over pumping in this zone. Â Â

Dinamika pengendapan lahar permukaan pada alur-alur lembah di bagian selatan Gunung Api Merapi, Yogyakarta Mulyaningsih, Sri; Sampurno, Sampurno; Zaim, Yahdi; Puradimaja, Deny Juanda; Bronto, Sutikno
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20062Endapan aliran rombakan Gunung Api Merapi, yang lebih dikenal sebagai lahar, terbentuk dari hasil longsoran endapan awan panas yang dipicu oleh curah hujan yang sangat tinggi. Pada saat ini, endapan awan panas tersebut berasal dari guguran kubah lava. Material suspensi tersebut selanjutnya menuruni lereng dengan kecepatan yang tinggi, menghasilkan aliran turbulen. Aliran tersebut biasanya berkembang pada daerah dengan perbedaan morfologi berkemiringan lereng tinggi ke landai, atau yang sering dikenal sebagai daerah tekuk lereng. Studi ini didasarkan pada pengamatan dan pengukuran fragmen lahar yang berukuran besar di permukaan. Analisis meliputi arah penyirapan, bentuk, dan besar butir fragmen. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan model arah aliran fragmen besar lahar dari bagian atas aliran rombakan, yang membentuk âmodel punggung katakâ atau âmodel punggung gajahâ. Bagian depan katak atau gajah (kepala) yaitu arah aliran atau bagian depan aliran. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa model tersebut berlaku pada fragmen dengan diameter 90 cm atau lebih besar. Di daerah penelitian, fragmen dengan diameter 90 cm mencapai jarak hingga 22 km dari sumbernya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai model untuk menentukan arah aliran lahar (aliran rombakan) purba yang sumbernya belum diketahui. Â

Pertumbuhan Gunung Api Anak Krakatau setelah letusan katastrofi s 1883 SUTAWIDJAJA, IGAN SUPRIATMAN
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20063Since its appearance in 1929, Anak Krakatau Volcano has been growing fastly. The elevation of Anak Krakatau Volcano from 1930 to 2005, within 75 years, has reached 315 m high. The growth rate is approximated to be four meters per year in average. Based on calculation, the volume of the body from the sea fl oor since 1927 until 1981 was 2.35 km3, and then in 1983 was 2.87 km3 and then in 1990 it reached 3.25 km3. The latest volume measurement in 2000, was 5.52 km3. Between 1992 up to 2001, within nine years, the eruption of Anak Krakatau took place almost every day, and it had caused its elevation to increase more than 100 m, and its area extent to become 378,527 m2. If the increase in height and the increase in volume are consistent, it is expected that in 2020, the volume of Anak Krakatauâs edifi ce will proceed the volume of Rakata Volcano, Danan Volcano, and Perbuwatan Volcano (11.01 km3) shortly before catastrophic eruption in 1883. Since this volcano appeared above the sea level, the succession of vegetation never came up to a climax, except some of the species, such as Saccharum sp. and Casuarina sp. those are growing faster after the eruption stopped. The growth of coral reef on the lava fl ows that entered the sea about ten years ago, was much slower than those which are growing around the Rakata, Panjang and Sertung Islands. This case is probably due to the slow rate of cooling process of the lava fl ows, although the lava surfaces are blocky. Â

Karakteristik mineralisasi epitermal di Daerah Taran, Hulu Kahayan, Kalimantan Tengah berdasarkan studi mikroskopis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan inklusi fluida Herman, Danny Zulkifli
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20064Taran area is occupied predominantly by piroclastic rocks and locally intercalations of lenticular claystones and sandstones. The pyroclastic rocks are intruded by diorite, dacite and andesite, leading alteration and mineralization within the host rocks. Mineralization occurs as a vein type and is associated with a number of pervasive alteration types named respectively: quartz-illite- montmorillonite-kaolinite Â± pyrite, quartz-illite Â± pyrite, quartz-illite-chlorite Â± pyrite and quartz- kaolinite-illite Â± pyrite. On the other hand, a propylitic alteration also occurs within the andesite intrusion composed of calcite-epidote-chlorite-sericite-quartz Â± pyrite. The mineralization is characterized by several zones of quartz stockwork containing gold and associated ore minerals of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and argentite. The quartz veins occurs as fi llings of structural openings in the form of milky quartz and amethyst with textures of sugary, comb, and dogteeth. Evaluation work on results of microscopic (petrography and mineragraphy), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and fl uid inclusion studies, and chemical analysis of entirely altered rock/quartz vein samples shows that the alteration and mineralization process were closely related to a change of hydrothermal fl uids, from near neutral into acid conditions at a temperature range of >290o â 100oC. The appearances of quartz variation indicate a relationship with repeated episodes of boiling in an epithermal system, as ground water mixed with hot vapor originated from a remained post-magmatic solution. Corresponding to a salinity of average 1,388 equiv.wt.% NaCl, it indicates that the ore minerals bearing quartz veins were deposited at a depth range of 640 â 1020 m beneath paleosurface. Â

Permasalahan dan Strategi Pembangunan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Studi Kasus: Cekungan Bandung Wangsaatmaja, Setiawan; Sabar, Arwin; Prasetiati, Maria Angela
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20065Environmental problems occurring in the Bandung Basin are resulted from improper management pertaining to land and spatial planning, including landuse policy and control. Arising environmental problems are covering disturbance of watershed hydrological function, surface and groundwater quality and quantity, solid waste, and air quality. Environmental studies in the Bandung Basin have been implemented by landuse change interpretation, surface water regime measurements, water quality, solid waste management, and air quality. Landuse change has occurred where some vegetation areas, such as forests and paddy fi elds, have decreased for 54% in one hand, and developed area has increased into 223% in the other hand. Watershed degradation is indicated by run off coeffi cient increasing from 0.3 in 1950 to 0.55 in 1998. Flow regime has also changed by presence of a maximum extreme discharge increasing tendency from 217.9 m3/sec in 1951 to 285.8 m3/sec in 1998, and minimum extreme discharge decreasing tendency from 6.35 m3/sec in 1951 to 5.7 m3/sec in 1998. Groundwater productivity index continued decreasing from 0.1 million m3/unit in 1900 to 0.0188 million m3/unit in 2002. Environmental problem has also occurred in a solid waste management sector where an average level of service is only 43.7%, and air pollution by motor vehicle and industrial emission, such as PM10, NOx, CO2, SO2, Pb, and acid rain phenomena have also occurred. Fresh water supply level of service in the Bandung Basin only covers 43% of the total needs. Watershed degradation occurring in the Basin needs a management system recovery, administrative based-management that shifted to ecological based integrated watershed management. Effort and strategy required include the policy and institutional reassembling, pollution control, land rehabilitation and conservation, and community empowerment. Â

Perbandingan karakteristik lingkungan pengendapan, batuan sumber, dan diagenesis Formasi Lakat di lereng timur laut dengan Formasi Talangakar di tenggara Pegunungan Tigapuluh, Jambi Heryanto, Rachmat
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no4.20061The Central Sumatera Basin and the Jambi Subbasin is separated by the Tigapuluh High. During Late Oligocene â Middle Miocene, the Lakat Formation was deposited in fl uvial, fl ood plain associated with swamp, and tidal environments, whereas the Jambi Subbasin was occupied by the deposition of the Talangakar Formation in fl uvial and deltaic environments. The provenance of both formations was derived from the Tigapuluh and Barisan Mountain Highs. Diagenesis stage of the Talangakar Formation is higher (Mesogenetic mature B) than that of the Lakat Formation (Mesogenetic immature). This is because the Talangakar Formation was deposited within an unstable basin formed by horst, and graben structures which were still active during the deposition of the formation. On the other hand, the Lakat Formation was deposited in a more stable basin. Â Â

Karakteristik kimiawi air danau kawah Gunung Api Kelud, Jawa Timur pasca letusan tahun 1990 Kadarsetia, Eka; Primulyana, Sofyan; Sitinjak, Pretina; Saing, Ugan Boyson
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no4.20062Kelud is a strato type volcano characterized by phreatomagmatic and magmatic eruptions. Since last eruption in 1990, the volcano has showed no-more signifi cant volcanism. Currently, there is an opened westward crater lake as a remained eruption crater containing meteoric water and volcanic gases condensate generated from subsurface.Analysis result of lake water exhibits that its chemical composition was fl uctuated due to an infl uence of factors such as seasons, rates of volcanism activity and reactivity of internal chemical elements within the lake water.The volume of lake water increases during the wet season and experiences dilution to make declination of chemical components within the water. Temperature of the lake water increases as well as volcanic intensity, simultaneously to make addition of dissolved chemical compounds and elements such as SO , Cl, B, and F and creates acidic water. Fumarole/solfatara released anykind of gases, such as H O, CO , CO, HCl, SO , H S, HF, H , HBr, NH , CH , H BO , and N . Moreover interaction of andesitic rock and acidic water apparently produces ionic source of Na, K, Ca. Mg, Fe, Al including trace elements such as Zn, Li, Sr, As, Rb, Cr, Pb, Ti, Ni, Cu, Ce, and Be.The composition of crater lake water of the Kelud volcano is included into an immature water category with HCO . The fl uctuation of element, compound and gas contents within the lake water with their depletion trend during the period of 1990 â 2005 may be related to decreasing of volcanism activity in the duration of 1990 post-eruption.Â

Peningkatan kegiatan Gunung Api Tangkubanparahu Jawa Barat pada bulan April 2005 Dana, Isya Nurrahmat; Kadarsetia, Eka; Primulyana, Sofyan; Hendrasto, Muhammad; Nasution, Asnawir
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no4.20063Tangkubanparahu is an active strato volcano located in West Java lying about 30 km to the north of Bandung City. Its crest is 2084 m above the sea level. In order to gain a better understanding on volcanism and magmatism of this volcano, various research and monitoring have been carried out, such as geochemistry and geophysics. Chemical composition of volcanic gases collected from the Ratu Crater (950 C in 1994, 1997, 1998 ratio of CO /H S, CO /H , and H /Ar, is suggested to indicate the presence of a fast fl uid movement and 2005, shows that the gas is hydrous with the main component of H O, CO , H S and small amount SO ; where CO content is higher than (SO + H S). The gas composition showing high of value from the depth before condensed at the shallow surface water area. Hotspring from the Domas Crater contains a high concentration of SO , low of Cl and absence of H CO . The high sulphate content is suggested to be originated from the volcanic gases, especially hydrogen sulphide oxydated near the surface, that then the gas infl uenced chemical composition due to shallow water.Continuous seismic monitoring uses one permanent station, while the other methods like Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Seismometer have been installed temporary. From geophysical evidence on April 2005 activity, some valuable information can be obtained. Hypocenter is located at the depth less than 2 km beneath an area between the Ratu and Domas Craters, while pressure source of deformation is below Domas Crater. Some low frequency volcanoquakes is possibly caused by volcanic gases released from the reservoir.

Menelusuri kebenaran letusan Gunung Merapi 1006 Andreastuti, Supriati Dwi; Newhall, Chris; Dwiyanto, Joko
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no4.20064Until now, the large eruption of Merapi in 1006 is believed to take place although the truth is still debatable. Previous investigation proposed that the âpralayaâ of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in 928 Saka (1006) was due to a volcanic activity. Bemmelen also inferred that impact of the eruption had destroyed and covered the Mendut and Borobudur Temples and dammed the Progo River. However, if the âpralayaâ was caused by Merapi eruption, why the deposit that correlates to the the eruption is not recognized. If so, the eruption that covered the temples should have been very large, and left deposits around Merapi and of course easy to find. Historically, the âpralayaâ mentioned in the Pucangan Inscription did not happen in 1006, but in 1016 or 1017. However the âpralayaâ was caused by the attack of King Wurawari, not by the Merapi eruption. According to the history of Merapi eruptions, 11 large eruptions have occurred since 3000 years ago. However, none of those fi t with 1006 eruption. Except the large eruption (VEI 3-4), that produced Selo tephra, dated 1112 Â± 73 years BP (765-911). Â

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Ivan Ferdian

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Kota bandung,

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