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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Pengujian Ketahanan Klon-klon Hasil Silangan Tanaman Kentang Transgenik dengan Nontransgenik terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans di Lapangan Uji Terbatas Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar; Herman, Muhamad; Lisanto, Edi; Suryaningsih, Euis; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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STRAK. Tanaman kentang transgenik Katahdin event SP904 dan SP951 mengandung gen RB, yang diisolasi dari spesies liar kentang diploid Solanum bulbocastanum. Gen RB mempunyai ketahanan yang bersifat  durable dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap ras-ras Phytophthora  infestans di Amerika Serikat. Dalam perakitan tanaman kentang tahan penyakit hawar daun P. infestans di Indonesia, transgenik Katahdin dijadikan sebagai donor tahan dalam persilangan dengan varietas rentan Atlantik dan Granola. Klon-klon hasil silangan dianalisis secara molekuler mengandung gen RB. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji ketahanan klon-klon hasil silangan tanaman kentang transgenik dengan nontransgenik terhadap isolat P. infestans di lapangan uji terbatas (LUT) yang berlokasi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang dari bulan Oktober 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010. Klon-klon yang diuji ialah 12 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (A); 15 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (B); 17 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (C); dan 20 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (D). Atlantik dan Granola digunakan sebagai kontrol rentan, sedangkan transgenik Katahdin sebagai kontrol tahan. Pengamatan dimulai ketika muncul gejala awal, yaitu pada 26, 32, 39, 46, dan 53 hari setelah tanam. Ketahanan tanaman semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya periode pengamatan, diikuti meningkatnya intensitas penyakit dan AUDPC. Semua klon yang diuji menunjukkan keragaman dalam ketahanan fenotipik terhadap hawar daun P. infestans. Klon-klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC 697, yang hampir sama dengan transgenik Katahdin SP904 yaitu 698,5. Klon-klon Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC  687,5 lebih kecil dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa klon-klon tersebut mempunyai ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Pada pengamatan 46 hari setelah tanam atau 20 hari setelah infeksi diperoleh tiga klon tahan yaitu B49 (skor 7,5), C111 (skor 7,1), dan D26 (skor 7,3). Ketahanan ini lebih tinggi daripada transgenik Katahdin SP904 (skor 5,1) dan transgenik Katahdin SP951 (skor 6,4). ABSTRACT. Ambarwati, AD, Herman, M, Listanto, E, Suryaningsih, E and Sofiari, E 2012. Resistance Testing on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Potato Clones Against Late Blight Phytophthora  infestans in Confined Field Trial.  Transgenic potato Katahdin event SP904 and  SP951 containing RB gene, which were isolated from a wild diploid potato species, Solanum bulbocastanum. RB gene showed durable resistance with broad spectrum to all known races of  P. infestans in the USA. In development of  potato resistant to late blight P. infestans in Indonesia, Katahdin transgenic were used as a resistant donor and crossed with susceptible varieties i.e. Atlantic and Granola. Clones derived from the crossing were molecularly analyzed and had RB gene contain. Experiment was conducted to assess the resistance of the clones derived from crossing of Katahdin transgenic and nontransgenic to P. infestans in confined field trial (CFT), located at the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang from October 2009 to March 2010. Several clones tested were 12 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (A); 15 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (B); 17 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (C); and 20 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (D). Atlantic and Granola were used as susceptible control whereas Katahdin transgenic as resistant control. Observation was started as late blight symptoms and detected at 26, 32, 39, 46, and 53 days after planting. Plant resistance decreases with increasing period of observation, followed by increasing disease intensity and AUDPC. All clones tested showed variation in phenotypic resistance to late blight P. infestans. Clones derived from crossing of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 697 and almost similar to Katahdin transgenic SP904 (698.5). Clones derived from crossing of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 687.5 and smaller than Katahdin transgenic SP904. The results also indicated that these clones had higher resistance than Katahdin transgenic SP904. Observation at 46 days after planting or 20 days after infection resulted three resistant clones i.e. B49 (score 7.5), C111 (score 7.1); and D26 (score 7.3).  This resistance was higher than Katahdin transgenic SP904 (score 5.1) and Katahdin transgenic SP951 (score 6.4).
Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Tomat Melalui Inverted Gardening dan Conventional Gardening Berbasis Pemanfaatan Bakteri Indigenus Widawati, S; Sudiana, IM; Sukara, E; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Inokulan padat Azzofor-wd3 merupakan campuran 16 isolat bakteri indigenus lahan gambut (Rhizobium,  Azotobacter, Azospirillum, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat) masing-masing empat isolat digunakan sebagai pupuk hayati untuk meningkatkan produksi tomat dalam inverted dan conventional gardening. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui peran potensial inokulan padat Azzofor-wd3 sebagai plant growth promoter dalam kondisi lingkungan ekstrim, khususnya pada lahan gambut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI,  dari Bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2011 Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 28 perlakuan penambahan media pupuk pada media tanam dengan tiga ulangan atau pot. Media dasar ialah gambut (50%) dan tambahan pupuk hayati (50%). Perlakuan tambahan media pupuk mencakup : (1) gambut sebagai kontrol, (2) sekam kotoran ayam, (3) kompos, (4) pasir halus, (5) kapur, (6) Azzofor-wd3, (7) sekam kotoran ayam + pasir halus, (8) sekam kotoran ayam + kapur, (9) sekam kotoran ayam + Azzofor-wd3, (10) kompos + pasir halus, (11) kompos + kapur, (12) kompos + Azzofor-wd3, (13) pasir halus + kapur, (14) pasir halus + Azzofor-wd3, (15) kapur + Azzofor-wd3, (16) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + pasir halus, (17) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + kapur, (18) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + Azzofor-wd3, (19) sekam kotoran ayam + pasir halus + kapur, (20) sekam kotoran ayam + pasir halus + Azzofor-wd3, (21) sekam kotoran ayam + kapur + Azzofor-wd3, (22) kompos + pasir halus + kapur, (23) kompos + kapur + Azzofor-wd3, (24) pasir halus + kapur + Azzofor-wd3, (25) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + pasir halus, (26) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + pasir halus + Azzofor-wd3, (27) kompos + pasir halus + kapur + Azzofor-wd3, dan (28) sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + pasir halus + kapur + Azzofor-wd3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi tomat tertinggi setelah 3 bulan ialah pada perlakukan media gambut + sekam kotoran ayam + kompos + pasir halus + kapur + Azzofor-wd3 pada inverted dan conventional gardening, masing-masing sebesar 63,9 dan 65,9 g/pot.  Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh perlakukan yang nyata antara inverted dan conventional gardening dalam hal P-tersedia, populasi bakteri, dan aktivitas PME-ase. Namun demikian, tidak ada pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata terhadap produksi tomat antara inverted dan conventional gardening.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Azzofor-wd3 merupakan bakteri pendorong pertumbuhan tanaman yang potensial untuk tanaman tomat yang dibudidayakan pada lahan gambut.  Aplikasi jenis bakteri tersebut sangat bermanfaat dalam  pengayaan tanah gambut untuk pembudidayaan tanaman sayuran. ABSTRACT. Widawati, S, Sudiana, IM, Sukara, E, and Muharam, A 2012. The Technology of Tomato Plant Cultivation Through Inverted and Conventional Gardening Based on Utilization of Indigenous Bacteria. Azzofor-wd3 is a solid inoculant consisted of 16 peat indigenous bacteria isolates i.e. Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and PSB four isolates respectively were used as biofertilizers to stimulate tomato production on inverted and conventional gardening. An experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences from January until December 2011. The research was aimed to determine the potential role of Azzofor-wd3 solid inoculant as a plant growth promoter in extremely environmental conditions. The treatments of growth media mixture were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The based media was peat for 50% of mixture. The treatments were the addition of biofertilizers with the same volume of the based media (50%). The treatments were (1) peat only as the control, (2) chicken dunk, (3) compost, (4) fine sand, (5) lime, (6) Azzofor-wd3 inoculant, (7) chicken dunk + fine sand, (8) chicken dunk + lime, (9) chicken dunk + Azzofor-wd3, (10) compost + fine sand, (11) compost + lime, (12) compost + Azzofor-wd3, (13) fine sand + lime, (14) fine sand + Azzofor-wd3, (15) lime + Azzofor-wd3, (16)  chicken dunk + compost + fine sand, (17) chicken dunk + compost + lime, (18) chicken dunk + compost + Azzofor-wd3, (19) chicken dunk + fine sand + lime, (20) chicken dunk + fine sand + Azzofor-wd3, (21) chicken dunk + lime + Azzofor-wd3, (22) compost + fine sand + lime, (23) compost + lime + Azzofor-wd3, (24) fine sand + lime + Azzofor-wd3, (25) Chicken dunk + compost + fine sand, (26) chicken dunk + compost + fine sand + Azzofor-wd3, (27) compost + fine sand + lime + Azzofor-wd3, and (28) chicken dunk + compost + fine sand + lime + Azzofor-wd3. The results showed that the highest production of  tomato in inverted gardening was 63.9 g/pot and in conventional gardening was 65.9 g/pot produced by the plants grown on peat + chicken dunk + compost + sand + lime + Azzofor wd3 inoculant, 3 months after planting. There was significant difference of available-P, bacterial population, and PME-ase activity in inverted and conventional gardening before and after fertilization, whereas there was no significant difference of  tomato yield between inverted and convensional gardening. It can be concluded that  Azzofor-wd3 is potential as a plant growth promoting bacteria for tomato plants grown in peat soil. The application of the bacteria is very helpful to enrich peat soil for growing  vegetable crops.
Pengaruh Varietas, Status K-Tanah, dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil Umbi, dan Serapan Hara K Tanaman Bawang Merah Rosliani, Rini; Basuki, Rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman dan kesuburan lahan agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Adanya keragaman tanah dan lingkungan yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan kebutuhan pupuk berbeda dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk K optimum untuk dua varietas bawang merah pada status K-tanah yang berbeda. Metode penelitian terdiri atas survei status K-tanah yang dilakukan di sentra produksi bawang merah di dataran rendah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah, dan percobaan pot yang dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang dari Bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk percobaan pot ialah petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah bawang merah varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah status hara  K-tanah, yaitu status K-tanah rendah (<20 ppm K2O), sedang (21–40 ppm K2O), dan tinggi (>41 ppm K2O). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk K terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha K2O.  Pupuk N (150 kg/ha) dan P (150 kg/ha P2O5) diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status K-tanah, dan dosis pupuk K terhadap bobot kering tanaman, luas daun, hasil bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip bawang merah. Namun serapan hara K tanaman dan residu pupuk K dalam tanah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi ketiga faktor tersebut. Hubungan antara hasil umbi bawang merah varietas Bangkok dan Kuning dengan dosis pupuk K pada semua status K-tanah bersifat kuadratik. Dosis pupuk K optimum untuk varietas Bangkok ialah 126,67 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah rendah, 170,00 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah sedang, dan 1,5 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah tinggi, sedangkan dosis pupuk K optimum untuk varietas Kuning ialah 214,29 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah rendah, 216,67 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah sedang, dan 106,50 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah tinggi. Hasil umbi dan serapan hara tanaman varietas Bangkok dan Kuning pada status K-tanah tinggi nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada status K-tanah rendah dan K-tanah sedang. Makin tinggi status K-tanah dan dosis pupuk K, maka makin tinggi pula residu K dalam tanah.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS, and Hilman, Y 2012. Effects of Varieties, Soil-K Status, and K Fertilizer Dosages on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield, and K Uptake of Shallots Plant. In order to get the optimum yield, fertilization should be based on plant need of nutrient and nutrient content of soil. The presense of high diversities of soil and environment in Indonesia cause the fertilizer needed are different from one location to another. This research methodologies were survey of soil-K status on some shallots production areas in lowland of West and Central Java, and pot experiment that was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from March to December 2008. The aim of this experiment was to find out the optimum dosage of K fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility level (soil-K status). A split-split plot design with three replications was used in this experiment. As main plots were shallots varieties, consisted of Bangkok and Kuning varieties. Subplots were the content/status of soil-K, consisted of low (<20 ppm K2O), medium (21–40 ppm K2O), and high (>41 ppm K2O). Sub-subplots were K fertilizer dosages, consisted of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha K2O. N fertilizer (150 kg/ha N) and P fertilizer (150 kg/ha P2O5) were applied as basic fertilizers. The results showed that there were no interaction between varieties, soil-K status, and K fertilizer dosages on plant leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh and dry weight of bulb yield of shallots. But K uptake by shallots plant and residual of K fertilizer in soil were affected by the three those factors. The curves of the relationship between K fertilizer dosages and bulb yield of Bangkok and Kuning varieties on all soil-K status were quadratics. The optimum dosage of K fertilizer for Bangkok variety were 126.67 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 170.00 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K status, and 1.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status; whereas for Kuning variety were 214.29 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 216.67 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K, and 106.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status.The bulb yield and K uptake of Bangkok and Kuning varieties were significantly higher on high soil-K status than on low and medium of soil-K status. The more higher of K fertilizer dosages and soil-K status gave the more higher of K residual of K fertilizer in soil.
Penggunaan Benzil Amino Purin dan Boron untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Benih True Shallots Seed Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) di Dataran Tinggi Rosliani, Rini; Palupi, ER; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan umbi benih untuk bahan perbanyakan bawang merah mempunyai beberapa masalah, antara lain ketidaktersediaan benih bermutu, produktivitas rendah, dan mahal. Salah satu alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai benih ialah penggunaan biji botani atau true shallots seed (TSS).  Penelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi benih bawang merah TSS di dataran tinggi melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari menggunakan BAP dan boron.  Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, Jawa Barat (ketinggian 1.250 m dpl.) dari Bulan Agustus 2011 sampai dengan Februari 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.  Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu aplikasi benzil amino purin (BAP) 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 ppm dan boron 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg/ha.  Aplikasi  BAP diberikan tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST), dan boron pada umur 3, 5, dan 7 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah, dan produksi benih TSS tetapi tidak meningkatkan mutu benih, sedangkan aplikasi boron efektif meningkatkan semua variabel yang diamati termasuk mutu benih TSS. Konsentrasi BAP yang optimum untuk menghasilkan produksi benih TSS ialah 37,5 ppm, sedangkan dosis boron yang optimum untuk menghasilkan bobot benih per plot yang tinggi dengan mutu benih sesuai standar sertifikasi mutu yaitu 2,88 kg/ha.  Hasil yang diperoleh pada perlakuan boron memberikan peningkatan sebesar 165,69% daripada kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi teknologi produksi TSS yang dapat dikembangkan untuk memproduksi benih TSS bermutu tinggi. ABSTRACT. Rosliani, R, Palupi, ER, and Hilman, Y 2012. Benzyl Amino Purine and Boron Application for Improving Production and Quality of True Shallots Seed (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) in Highlands. The use of bulb for propagation material of shallots has several problems including unavailability of quality seeds, low productivity, and expensive. One of the potential alternative technologies to be developed as seed is using true shallots seed (TSS). The aimed of research was to produce TSS in the highlands through increased flowering and pollen viability by using benzyl amino purine (BAP) and boron. The study was conducted at the Experimental Field, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) in Lembang, West Java (altitude 1,250 m asl.), from August 2011 to February 2012. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consists of two factors, namely the application of BAP 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm and boron (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha). Benzyl amino purine application was given three times at  1, 3, and 5 weeks after planting (WAP), and boron at  3, 5, and 7 WAP. The results showed that application of BAP improved flowering, pollen viability, and seed production of TSS but did not improve seed quality, while boron application effectively increased all variables including the seed quality of TSS. The efficient concentration of BAP to improve TSS seed weight per plot was 37.5 ppm, while the optimum concentration of boron to improve TSS seed production with the good seed quality (according to the certification standards of seed quality) was 2.88 kg/ha. The yield obtained in the treatment of boron gave an increase of 165.69% compared to the control. The results provide information about TSS production techniques that can be developed to produce  the high seed quality of TSS.
Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Beberapa Karakter Utama pada Kedelai Sayur dan Implikasinya untuk Seleksi Perbaikan Produksi Handayani, Tri; Hidayat, Iteu Margaret
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Salah satu tujuan seleksi pada kegiatan pemuliaan kedelai sayur ialah produksi polong tinggi. Kegiatan seleksi dalam program pemuliaan membutuhkan keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas yang tinggi dari karakter-karakter produksi.  Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik dan fenotip, serta menduga nilai heritabilitas beberapa karakter produksi kedelai sayur. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tawangmangu, Jawa Tengah, dari Bulan Oktober 2011 sampai dengan Januari 2012.  Materi tanaman berupa 12 genotip kedelai sayur yang ditanam di lapangan dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat polong per tanaman, berat per polong, berat polong per plot, dan produksi polong segar memiliki keragaman genetik maupun fenotip yang tinggi.  Nilai duga heritabilitas tinggi dijumpai pada semua karakter kecuali persentase biji keras. Kombinasi keragaman genetik dan nilai duga heritabilitas tinggi dijumpai pada karakter  tinggi tanaman (pada fase R1 dan R5), jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat polong per tanaman, berat per polong, berat polong per plot, dan produksi polong.  Seleksi pada karakter-karakter tersebut dapat dilakukan secara langsung berdasarkan penampilan fenotipiknya di lapangan. High pod yield is one of the goals in the breeding program of vegetable soybean. Selection activities in the breeding process requires the availability of high genetic variability and heritability of production characters.The experiment was conducted at Tawangmangu, Central Java from October 2011 to January 2012. Twelve vegetable soybean genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications to examine the genetic and phenotype variability and to estimate broad sense heritability of some production characters. The results showed that the characters namely plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, weight per pod, pod weight per plot, and pod yield were high both in genetic and phenotype variability. High heritability was found in all characters except percentage of hard seed. Combination of high genetic variability and heritability ​​was found in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, weight per pod, pod weight per plot, and pod yield. Consequently, direct selection can be done based on the appearance of phenotypic in the field for all these characters.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin terhadap Pertumbuhan Aglaonema Mubarok, Syariful; Salimah, A; Farida, Farida; Rochayat, Y; Setiati, Y
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pertumbuhan dan kualitas Aglaonema dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya media tanam dan aktivitas hormonal. Penggunaan media tanaman alternatif selain pakis dan hormon seperti sitokinin penting untuk diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi tiga komposisi media tumbuh sebagai media alternatif serta pemberian sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas  Aglaonema Fit Langsit. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran mulai Bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2008. Komposisi media tanam yang digunakan yaitu arang sekam, cocopeat, dan zeolit dengan perbandingan (2:2:1), (3:2:1), (4:2:1), dan sebagai kontrol digunakan pakis, humus, pasir malang, dan cocopeat (2:1:1:1) yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian sitokinin dengan konsentrasi 0, 50, dan 100 µl/l yang disemprotkan pada daun setiap 2 minggu sekali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi arang sekam, cocopeat, dan zeolit (3:2:1) disertai sitokinin 50 µl/l memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dalam memperpanjang dan memperlebar ukuran daun, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas tanaman Aglaonema menjadi lebih rimbun dan kompak karena semakin meningkatnya ukuran daun.ABSTRACT. Mubarok, S, Salimah, A, Farida, Rochayat, Y,  and Setiati, Y 2012. The Effect of Growing Media Compositions and Cytokinin Concentrations on the Growth of Aglaonema. The growth and quality of Aglaonema is affected by several factors such as growing media and hormones. The using of alternative growing media and hormones such as cytokinin are urgently needed to be identified. The aim of experiment was to find out the effect of the combination of three growing media composition as an alternative growing medium with cytokinin on the growth and quality of Aglaonema Fit Langsit. This experiment was conducted in Greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from May to August 2008. The compositions of growing media consisted of the mix of carbonated rice hulls, cocopeat, and zeolite at three combinations (2:2:1, 3:2:1, and 4:2:1) and a control consisted of the mix of fern, humus, malang sands, and cocopeat (2:1:1:1). They were combined with cytokinins of 0, 50, and 100 µl/l. The results showed that the composition of carbonated rice hulls, cocopeat, and zeolite (3:2:1) combined with 50 µl/l cytokinin gave a better result than other treatments in increasing leaves length and leaves width, so it increases the quality of Aglaonema become more dense and compact due to by increasing the leaf size.
Eksplorasi Isolat Lemah Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus pada Pertanaman Cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat -, asniwita; Hidayat, SH; Suastika, G; Sujiprihati, S; Susanto, S; Hayati, I
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Salah satu virus utama yang menginfeksi tanaman cabai ialah Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) yang potensial menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Strategi pengendalian virus melalui proteksi silang mengandalkan kemampuan virus strain lemah dalam melindungi tanaman dari infeksi virus strain kuat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi isolat lemah ChiVMV pada pertanaman cabai di Jambi, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Barat, sedangkan deteksi ChiVMV dilakukan di Laboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan dan penularan ke tanaman cabai di Rumah Kaca Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Februari sampai Juli 2011. Isolat-isolat ChiVMV dari tiap daerah berhasil ditularkan dan diperbanyak pada tanaman cabai rentan (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13 di rumah kaca. Berdasarkan gejala penyakit dan keparahan penyakit, isolat ChiVMV dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu isolat kuat (CKB), isolat sedang (CKW), dan isolat lemah (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, dan PGL). Isolat-isolat lemah ChiVMV ini selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat agens proteksi silang dalam pengendalian penyakit belang yang disebabkan oleh ChiVMV.ABSTRACT. Asniwita,  Hidayat, SH, Suastika, G, Sujiprihati, S, Susanto, S, and Hayati, I 2012. Exploration of Weak Isolates of  Chili Veinal Mottle Potyvirus from Chili Peppers in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java. Chili veinal mottle potyvirus (ChiVMV) is known as an important virus infecting chili peppers and may cause significant yield loss.  Management strategy of virus diseases using cross protection relies on the ability of mild strain of virus to protect plant from infection by severe strain of the same virus. A research was initiated to employ cross protection approach for disease management to reduce the infection of ChiVMV.  Initial exploration was conducted at chili peppers growing areas in Jambi, West Sumatera, and West Java to collect ChiVMV field isolates, whereas ChiVMV detection was conducted at Plant Virology Laboratorium, and transmission to chili peppers in Greenhouse Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural Institute from February to July 2011. ChiVMV isolates were successfully collected and propagated in susceptible chili peppers line (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C13.  Based on percentage of symptom development, and disease severity of ChiVMV isolates can be differentiated into three groups, i.e. strong isolate (CKB), mild isolate (CKW), and weak isolates (KAR, SPR, IVAK, SKT, LGM, SKR, CGN, CSR, and PGL). Further characterization of promising ChiVMV weak isolates could use as an agent of cross protection candidates in controlling mottle disease caused by ChiVMV.
Studi Pengaruh Substitusi Hara Makro dan Mikro Media MS dengan Pupuk Majemuk dalam Kultur In Vitro Krisan Shintiavira, Herni; Soedarjo, Mochdar; -, Suryawati; Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Studi substitusi hara makro dan mikro media Murashige & Skoog (MS) menggunakan pupuk majemuk untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kultur in vitro krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora) dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kebun Percobaan Cipanas, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dari Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Aplikasi pupuk majemuk sebagai substitusi hara makro-mikro MS diharapkan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi benih melalui kultur in vitro, khususnya dalam penyediaan media tanam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas dan kombinasi pupuk majemuk dalam meningkatkan efisiensi aplikasi kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas yang diuji ialah D. grandiflora cv. Dwina Kencana dan Pasopati, sementara pupuk majemuk yang digunakan ialah Hyponex Hijau (20:20:20), Hyponex Merah (25:5:20), dan Growmore (32:10:10) dengan komposisi uji (1) media ½ MS + 0,1 mg/l indole acetic acid (IAA) sebagai kontrol, (2) 1 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (3) 2 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (4) 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA 0,1, (5) 1 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (6) 2 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (7) 3 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (8) 1 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (9) 2 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, dan (10) 3 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis varietas dan media kultur berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas Dwina Kencana memiliki respons pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibanding varietas Pasopati. Konsentrasi 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau yang ditambah dengan 0,1 mg/l IAA merupakan medium pengganti medium ½ MS terbaik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan eksplan pada Dwina Kencana maupun Pasopati. Pada umur 8 minggu setelah kultur, perlakuan tersebut memberikan rerata terbaik jumlah daun, jumlah nodus, jumlah akar, panjang akar, dan berat basah planlet. Aplikasi medium tersebut mampu menekan biaya penyediaan medium kultur per liter hingga 34,7% dibanding biaya penyediaan medium ½ MS yang mencapai Rp6.561,00 per liter. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap efisiensi biaya produksi kultur  in vitro  krisan, khususnya terkait dengan penyediaan media kultur. Study on Murashige & Skoog (MS) macro-micro element substitution using compound fertilizers to increase in vitro culture efficiency of chrysanthemum was carried out at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Cipanas Research Garden, Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute from January to December 2010. Application of compound fertilizers to substitute MS macro-micro elements expected can reduce in vitro culture seed production cost and keep well growth of chrysanthemum explants. The study was aimed to know the effect of chrysanthemum varieties and concentrations of the compound fertilizers in increasing the efficiency of in vitro culture of chrysanthemum. Two varieties i.e. Dwina Kencana and Pasopati; the fertilizers of Green Hyponex (20:20:20), Red Hyponex (25:5:20), and Growmore (32:10:10) in different concentrations i.e. (1) half-strength MS medium + 0.1 mg/l indole acetic acid (IAA) as control, (2) 1 g/l Green Hyponex + 0.1 mg/l IAA, (3) 2 g/l Green Hyponex + 0.1 mg/l IAA, (4) 3 g/l Green Hyponex + 0.1 mg/l IAA 0.1, (5) 1 g/l Red Hyponex + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (6) 2 g/l Red Hyponex + 0.1 mg/l IAA, (7) 3 g/l Red Hyponex + 0.1 mg/l IAA, (8) 1 g/l Growmore + 0.1 mg/l IAA, (9) 2 g/l Growmore + 0.1 mg/l IAA, and (10) 3 g/l Growmore + 0.1 mg/l IAA were tested in the study. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that type of variety and media culture gave significant effect on in vitro culture of chrysanthemum explant. Dwina Kencana variety indicated higher response compared to Pasopati. Concentration of 3 g/l Green Hyponex supplemented with 0,1 mg/l IAA was the most appropriate substitution medium for able to substitute for half-strength MS that gave the highest positive effect on explant growth of both varieties. In 8 weeks after culture, the treatment gave better average results on leaf number, node number, root number, root length, and plantlet fresh weight. The 3 g/l Green Hyponex containing 0.1 mg/l IAA was also successfully reduce medium cost per liter up to 34.7% compared to the half-strength MS medium cost per liter that could reach Rp6,561.00 per liter. Application of the research result will give positive effect on efficiency of in vitro culture of chrysanthemum production cost, especially in culture medium preparation.
Uji Adaptasi Klon Kentang Hasil Persilangan Varietas Atlantik sebagai Bahan Baku Keripik Kentang di Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan -, Kusmana
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Industri besar yang mengolah keripik kentang masih sangat jarang karena terbatasnya bahan baku. Keterbatasan bahan baku tidak hanya terjadi pada industri besar dan menengah, namun industri kecil pun kesulitan untuk mendapatkan bahan baku yang sesuai dengan keinginan pengolah. Tujuan penelitian ialah mendapatkan klon kentang yang sesuai untuk bahan baku keripik dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kampung Cibunian, Desa Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung dengan ketinggian tempat 1300 m dpl., dari Bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2011. Penelitian ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 20 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotip CV 9 menampilkan hasil tertinggi (31,9 t/ha) diikuti CV 2, (29,2 t/ha), CV 6 (25 t/ha), dan CV 14 (24,4 t/ha) nyata lebih tinggi daripada varietas pembanding Atlantik (9,8 t/ha). Untuk olahan keripik terbaik ialah genotip  CV 4, CV 14, CV 12, CV 9, dan CV 13 menampilkan hasil gorengan sebanding dengan varietas Atlantik. Genotip CV 9 dan CV 14 selain berpotensi hasil tinggi, juga cocok digunakan sebagai bahan baku olahan keripik. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh klon baru yang menjadi komponen industri pengolahan kentang, baik skala besar maupun skala rumah tangga. Potato seeds required for chipping industry still imported lacks of the seeds caused chipping industry in Indonesia not well developed. The objective of this research was to find out potato clones which suitable for chipping industries. The research was conducted to test potato clones derived from crossing using  Atlantic as female parents in highland agroecosystem of Pangalengan 1300 m asl., Bandung District, from  September to December 2011. Experiment design used was a randomized complete block design with three replications consisted of 20 hills/plot. The  results  showed that high yielding of genotypes obtained from genotypes CV 9 (31.9 t/ha) followed by CV 2 (29.2 t/ha), CV 6 (25 t/ha), and CV 14 (24.4 t/ha). There were  significantly different to Atlantic (9.8 t/ha). The  excellent chipping quality was obtained from genotypes CV 4, CV 14, CV 12, CV 9, and CV 13 which comparable to cv. Atlantic. Besides high yielding genotypes of CV 9 and CV 14 were  also suitable for chipping quality. The impact of this research is that these both clones obtained from this study suitable for development chipping industries in Indonesia.
Uji Laboratorium Azospirillum sp. yang Diisolasi dari Beberapa Ekosistem Widawati, S; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Beberapa mikrob yang bersifat nonpatogenik dan nonsimbiotik yang efektif menambat nitrogen dari udara serta mampu melarutkan P terikat pada Ca, Al, dan Fe dalam tanah, dapat hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem di alam. Sebagian bakteri tersebut dapat diisolasi dari daerah perakaran tanaman hortikultura. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui peran Azospirillum sp. yang potensial sebagai pendorong pertumbuhan tanaman pada ekosistem pantai dan kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrim. Pengujian terhadap isolat bakteri yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai kondisi ekosistem dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI, Bogor dari Bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2011. Sebanyak 34 isolat Azospirillum sp. diuji dengan berbagai metode, yaitu (1) uji kualitatif kemampuan isolat Azospirillum sp.  dalam menambat (fiksasi) nitrogen dan kemampuan hidup pada media Okon padat yang mengandung NaCl, (2) uji kualitatif kemampuan isolat Azospirillum sp. dalam melarutkan P terikat pada  Ca3(PO4)2 dalam media  Pikovskaya padat dan indeks efisiensi pelarutan fosfat,  (3) uji kualitatif kemampuan isolat Azospirillum sp. dalam melarutkan P terikat pada media  Pikovskaya cair  dan aktivitas enzim PME-ase asam dan basa, serta kondisi pH selama inkubasi 7 hari pada kultur murni (pH asal= 7), dan (4) analisis kemampuan Azospirillum sp. dalam memproduksi indole acetic acid (IAA).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) semua isolat bakteri yang diuji mampu menambat nitrogen dalam media Okon padat,  (2) isolat B2, B4, B6, B12,  B14, PS2, dan FR13 mampu melarutkan P dari Ca3(PO4)2 dalam medium Pikovskaya padat dengan masing-masing indeks efisiensi pelarutan sebesar  120, 160, 140, 100, 110, 120, dan 100,  (3) isolat B1, B2, B3, B4, B6, B14, B17, PS1, PS2, PS3, FR1, FR5, FR7, FR8, FR10, FR12, dan FR13 mampu tumbuh dalam medium Okon dengan kandungan NaCl sebesar 0, 2, 4, atau 6%, (4)  konsentrasi tertinggi P terlarut dihasilkan oleh isolat B4 (5,80 mg/l), B6 (5,84 mg/l), dan PS2 (5,45 mg/l) dengan PME-ase sebesar 0,58 u m/l, 0,58 u m/l, 0,57 u m/l (asam), 0,52 mg/l, 0,50 mg/l, 0,48 mg/l (basa), dan dengan  pH : 4,20, 4,30, dan 4,22,  dan (5) isolat B4 dan B6 yang diisolasi dari pertanaman padi di pantai Rambut Siwi, Bali, mampu memproduksi IAA tertinggi, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,6749 dan 0,4694 ppm pada hari pertama setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terbukti bahwa isolat Azospirillum sp. berpotensi sebagai plant growth promoter  untuk ekosistem di daerah pesisir atau pantai. Bakteri tersebut sangat penting untuk pengkayaan nutrisi pada lahan di daerah dataran rendah atau pantai dalam rangka pengembangan tanaman termasuk komoditas hortikultura.ABSTRACT. Widawati, S and Muharam, A 2012. The Laboratory  Test of  Azospirillum sp. Isolated  from Several  Ecosystems. Microbes that are nonpathogenic  and nonsymbiotic bacteria which are effectively fixed up nitrogen from air, and are able to dissolve phosphated bounded on Ca, Al, and Fe in soil, are able to growth in different ecosystems in nature. Some of the bacterial species can be isolated from rizosphere of horticultural crops. The research was aimed to determine the potential role of Azospirillum sp.  as a plant growth promoter in coastal ecosystem and extremely environmental conditions. The laboratory test of Azospirillum sp. isolated from several ecosystems was carried out in the Ecophysiology Laboratory, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor from January until December 2011. Thirty-four isolates of Azospirillum sp. (B1 to B17;PS1 to PS3; FR1 to FR 14) were investigated with some methods i.e. (1) the qualitative test of the capability of Azospirillum sp. to fix up nitrogen in solid Okon medium containing NaCl, (2) the qualitative test of the capability of Azospirillum sp. in dissolving bounded P in solid Pikovskaya medium and phosphate dissolution efficiency index,  (3) the qualitative test of the capability of Azospirillum sp. in dissolving bounded P in liquid Pikovskaya medium and the activity of acid and base PME-ase, and pH condition after 7 days incubation in pure media, and (4) analysis of the capability of Azospirillum sp. in producing indole acetic acid (IAA).  The results pointed out that : (1) all tested isolates of Azospirillum sp. were  capable to fix up nitrogen in solid Okon medium, (2) isolates of B2, B4, B6, B12,  B14, PS2, and FR13 were capable to solubilize P on Ca3(PO4)2 in solid Pikovskaya medium with its efficiency of  120, 160, 140, 100, 110, 120, and 100, respectively, (3) isolates of B1, B2, B3, B4, B6, B14, B17, PS1, PS2, PS3, FR1, FR5, FR7, FR8, FR10, FR12, and FR13 were able to grow in Okon medium with 0, 2, 4, or 6% of NaCl doses, (4) the highest concentrations of solubilized P was resulted by isolates B4 (5.80 mg/l), B6 (5.84 mg/l), and PS2 (5.45 mg/l) with PME-ase i.e. 0.58 u m/l, 0.58 u m/l, 0.57 u m/l (acid), 0.52 mg/l, 0.50 mg/l, 0.48 mg/l (base), and with pH : 4.20, 4.30, and 4.22, and (5) isolates of B4 and B6 isolated from rice field at Rambut Siwi beach, Bali, were capable to produce highest IAA hormone i.e. 0.6749 and 0.4694 ppm respectively  on the first day after the treatment. Based on the result of this experiment it can be concluded that Azospirillum sp. is a potential plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria for coastal ecosystem. The bacterial species is very important to enrich coastal areas for crop cultivation, including horticulture.

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