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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
Uji Sitotoksik Kuantitatif Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) pada Kultur Sel Limfosit T Pasien SLE In Vitro Pratama, Anindhito Kurnia; Balgis, .; Mujosemedi, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease, mediated by lymphocytes. Methanol extract of Annona squamosa L. seed contains acetogenin, which can inhibit formation of ATP in the abnormal cell that acts as a source of energy that has selective properties of the abnormal cells only. The purpose of this study was to know the cytotoxic effects of Annona squamosa L. seed extract on T lymphocyte cell cultures of SLE patient in vitro. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory research with post-test control group design. The sample was T lymphocyte cultures of SLE patients in the active phase. Cytotoxic effects of Annona squamosa L. seed extract on T lymphocyte cell culture of SLE patient in vitro were measured with the MTT assay then analyzed with regression analysis to determine the inhibitory concentration of fifty (IC50). Results: The IC50 of methanol extract of Annona squamosa L. seed on lymphocyte cell cultures of SLE patients was 0.17 µg/mL, active criteria and normal sample was 0.06 µg/mL., active criteria. While IC50 of cyclophosphamide for treatment of SLE samples was 16.80 µg/mL and for normal sample was 39.24 µg/mL. Conclusions: Based on this research, methanol extract of Annona squamosa L. seed had cytotoxic effects on  lymphocyte cell cultures of SLE patient in vitro with active IC50 criteria Keywords: SLE, Annona squamosa L. seed, cytotoxic, T lymphocyte, IC50
Uji Efektivitas Prosedur Disinfeksi Tingkat Tinggi Endoskopi Saluran Cerna RSUD Dr. Moewardi Ramadhani, Aviaddina; Marwoto, .; Saptawati, Leli
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The risk of infection associated with gastrointestinal endoscope remains a topic of interest. This vexation may be related to reliability of the disinfecting techniques or the compliances with the guideline laid down for high-level disinfection. Gastrointestinal endoscope disinfecting techniques may vary from site to site. This study was to examine the effectiveness of gastrointestinal endoscope high-level disinfection at Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi. Methods: An observational study using cross sectional design was conducted at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Thirty samples from gastrointestinal endoscope swab after high-level disinfection process with 24 hours storage and without storage was sampled with convenience sampling technique. Data from this research were analyzed descriptively and tested using Chi square test. Results: Microorganism were detected in 11/14 samples of gastrointestinal endoscope after 24 hours storage and 3/16 samples of gastrointestinal endoscope without storage process. The microorganisms were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus non-aureus, and Clostridium sp. Significant relationship was detected between storage processes after gastrointestinal endoscope high-level disinfection with microorganism contamination. Conclusions: High-level disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes RSUD Dr. Moewardi was not yet effective. There was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal endoscopy storage for 24 hours with the effectiveness of high-level disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes. Keywords: high-level disinfection, gastrointestinal endoscope, 24 hours storage, without 24 hours storage.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Nanas (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) SEBAGAI Antihelmintik Terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze In vitro Dewi, Cindikya Saftiari; SitiUtari, Cr.; Wasita, Brian
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) was reported to have a bromelain enzyme that belonged to a group of proteolytic enzymes. This enzyme has been known as anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. The proteolytic effect of bromelain enzyme can change protein to be simple amino acid. This research was performed to understand the effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract as anthelmintic on death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro. Methods:This research was performed using experimental laboratory method with the post test only controlled group design. Eighty four adult Ascaris suum, Goeze were used. The worms divided into seven groups consisted of six treatment groups (pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract with the dose of 0 % g/ml, 3 % g/ml, 6 % g/ml, 12 % g/ml, 24 % g/ml and 48 % g/ml) and positive control group (Pirantel pamoat with the dose of 0.236% g/ml). Each group consisted of four worms. Ascaris suum, Goeze were incubated in incubator at 37ºC. Observation was performed every fifteen minute to determine the death time of the worms. Experimental data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA test continued with Post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). LC50 and LT50 were calculated using probit analysis.   Results:One Way ANOVA test showed significance difference (p < 0.05). Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract had a significant effect on the worm death time and showed dose dependent manner. Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LT50 of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract were 21.059% g/ml and 396.929 minutes. At the concentration of 4% g/ml pineapple extract had a better effect than positive control. Conclusions:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract had an effect on the death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze which was showed by significance difference on the death time between treatment and negative control group, and this effect was comparable with positive control group. Keywords:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract, bromelain enzyme, Ascaris suum, Goeze, pirantel pamoat
Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Daun Andrographis paniculata Ness. pada Kultur Limfosit T Pasien Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Febriandaru, Dedi; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Wijayanti, Lilik; Wijayanti, Lilik
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied clinical manifestations. SLE prevalence in Indonesia is being dominated with female, especially in their productive age. Certain etiology of SLE is still unknown until now, but genetic factors and immune system are being estimated as the primary factors. The first line therapy of SLE is cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately if being consumed more than six months, cyclophosphamide has several side effects, like bone marrow depression, infections, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis, and infertility. Because of that side effects, herbal medicine is being developed nowday. One of them is Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf. The aim of this study was quantitative cytotoxic test for Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf on T lymphocyte culture of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Methods: This study was anexperimental study. Subjects in this study were patients with SLE who appropriated SLE’s criterias and normal people without allergy and autoimmune diseases’s history. This study was done by doing T lymphocyte culture from intravenous’s blood sample and observing cell’s absorbance with ELISA reader. Collected data were used for determining live cell’s percentage (IC50) and analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 11.00 for Windows. Mean resistance data was tested by linear regression test. Results:The result showed that IC50 dose of Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf extract treatment on SLE samples was smaller than the normal people. In Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf’s extract treatment, IC50 in SLE = 0.00074 and in normal people = 0.19584. Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata Ness.leaf extract had stronger cytotoxic effect on T lymphocyte culture of patients with SLE than the normal people. Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Andrographis paniculata Ness. leaf extract, T lymphocytes, IC50
Perbedaan Kadar Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Pada Propolis di Pasaran Wilayah Surakarta Pramono, Devina Noviani; HP, Diding; Hadinoto, Sri Hartati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Propolis is composed of several kinds of  biological and pharmacological components that can work as immunomodulator, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and antioxidants. This is mainly due to its chemical composition, one of which is Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE). The amount and composition of its chemical components are mainly affected by several factors, some of which are the type of plant vegetation, geographical position, solvent, bees, seasonal factor, and weather. This leads to the different composition of chemical component among different brands of propolis. The same phenomenon happens in Surakarta. This research aimed to reveal either or not the different of CAPE level exist among different brand of propolis found in Surakarta’s market. Methods: This research was an observational analysis using purposive sampling method. Samples were six different brands of propolis found in Surakarta’s market. The samples were divided into 6 groups which were P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6. Each group was measured five times. The measurement of CAPE level of each sample was done using UV Vis spectrophotometer with wave length of 700 nm using Prussian Blue method. Data analysis was done using one way Anova statistical test with SPSS 17.00 for Windows program.   Results: The average level of CAPE found in propolis samples were P1 =11.531±0.078 µg/ml; P2 =5.438±0.106 µg/ml; P3 =12.541±0.052 µg/ml;  P4 =9.036±0.081 µg/ml; P5 =10.593±0.043 µg/ml; and P6 =10.366±0.133 µg/ml with p value is below 0.001 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was a difference of CAPE level among propolis found in the market area of Surakarta. Keywords: CAPE, Propolis
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) Terhadap Waktu Kematian Ascaris suum,Goeze In Vitro Andaru P, Gagat Ragil; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso; Haryati, Sri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves contain tannin that has been known to have anthelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract toward death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental research using the post-test only controlled group design. Subjects were adult Ascaris suum, Goeze. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Subjects were divided into 7 groups, each group consisted of 4 worms, replication was performed 4 times. Saline solution was used in negative control group, pirantel pamoate 5 mg/ml was used in positive control group, while the treatment group used Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract concentration of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%. Worms were immersed in 25 mL of the test solution and incubated at 37°C. Observations were done every 1 hour and the number of dead worms was counted. Data were analyzed with regression linier and probit analysis. Results: Observations of total deaths mean time Ascaris suum, Goeze sp on negative control was for 96 hours, on the positive control was for 2 hours 30 minutes, and on the concentration of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% of Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract, each was for 10 hours 15 minutes, 8 hours, 6 hours, 4 hours 45 minutes and 3 hours, consecutively. Linear regression test results showed that the variation of the concentration affected long worm death. Probit analysis results showed that LC50 and LT50 of Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract, each was 76.228% and 3 hours 36 minutes. Conclusions:Based on this study, it could be concluded that of Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract affected mortality of Ascaris suum, Goeze sp in vitro. The increasing of extract concentration was inversely proportional with the death time of worms Keywords: Syzygium polyanthum Wight leaves extract, Ascaris suum,Goeze.
Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Biji Pare (Momordica charantia L.) pada Kultur Sel Limfosit T Pasien LES In Vitro Permana, Galih Indra; Balgis, .; Mujosemedi, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, mediated by lymphocytes. Wrong regulation in immune system causes autoreactivity of T lymphocytes and hyperactivity of B lymphocytes then causes inflammation in site organ. Extract of bitter melon seeds contains ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), momordin I, and momordin II which can induce apoptosis in the cells and have cytotoxic effects. This study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of bitter melon seeds extract on cultured T lymphocytes of SLE patient in vitro. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory research with posttest control group design. Sample was culture of T lymphocytes from SLE patient with the active phase. T lymphocytes culture was divided in four groups that were bitter melon seeds extract, cyclophosphamide, control media, and control cells. Cytotoxic effects were measured with MTT assay then the data were analyzed with statistical regression analysis to determine the IC50. Results: IC50 of bitter melon seeds extract on culture of T lymphocytes cell of SLE patient was 1704.07 µg/ml and normal sample was 19.20 µg/ml. While IC50 of cyclophosphamide for treatment of SLE sample was 16.80 µg/ml and for normal sample was 39.24 µg/ml. Extract of bitter melon seeds had weak cytotoxic effect on T lymphocyte cell culture of SLE patient and moderately active cytotoxic effect on T lymphocyte cell culture of normal sample. Conclusion: Extract of bitter melon seeds had weak cytotoxic effects on T lymphocyte cell culture of SLE patient with IC50 was 1704.07 µg/ml. Keywords: SLE, bitter melon seed extract, cytotoxic, lymphocytes T
Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Curcumin Pada Kultur Sel Limfosit T Penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mustikasari, Hanif; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Widardo, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in multiorgan, in which its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Curcumin has been found to have a selective cytotoxic effects on various types of cancer cells through induction of apoptosis on the various pathways. This study aimed to demonstrate whether curcumin extract had cytotoxic effects on T lymphocytes autoreactivity of patients with SLE. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory with post test only controlled group design. Samples were using cell cultures of T lymphocytes from the veins blood of a patient with SLE and normal people. Each of T lymphocytes cell culture consisted of media control (KM), cells control (KS), the positive control with cyclophosphamide (KP1), and a group treated with curcumin extract (KP2). Curcumin extracts and cyclophosphamide were divided into 8 serial doses (50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 3.125 µg/mL, 1.5625 µg/mL, 0.78125 µg/mL, 0.390625 µg/mL). Cell inhibition was calculated based on a percentage (%) of cell viability. Then, the data was analyzed using probit analysis to determine the dose of IC50 with SPSS for Window Release 17.0. Results: The result of cell inhibition probit analysis (IC50) on T lymphocytes cell culture of patients with SLE using curcumin extract was active (score 3) and T lymphocytes cell culture of patients with SLE using cyclophosphamide was moderately active (score 2).While, T lymphocytes cell culture of normal people using curcumin extract was active (score 3) and T lymphocytes cell culture of normal people using cyclophosphamide was moderately active (score 2). Conclusions: Curcumin extract had cytotoxic effect on T lymphocytes cell culture of SLE. The cytotoxic effect of curcumin extract on T lymphocytes cell culture of patients with SLE was stronger than cyclophosphamide.   Keywords: curcumin extract, cytotoxic, SLE
Perbandingan Efektivitas Handrub Softa-Man® Dan Formula Handrub Moewardi Terhadap Angka Kuman Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Saptawati, Leli; Marwoto, .; Jeffrey F .L, Henrikus
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Nosocomial infections are important clinical problem, indicated by many cases on the incidence of nosocomial infections. To overcome this incident, a lot of researchers have conducted variety of ways, one of them is hand hygiene. Two different kinds of hand hygiene alcohol-based products were used in this study, handrub Softa-man® and Moewardi’s handrub formula. The effectiveness of both handrub in reducing the number of bacteria was compared on health-care workers. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. The study was conducted at hospital wards in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Respondents were taken by consecutive sampling. There were two groups in this study, the group that received handrub Softa-man® and the group that received Moewardi’s handrub formula. Each group was observed for the effectiveness in reducing the number of bacteria. The data that had been collected then were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and followed by Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of this study showed that both groups managed to reduce the number of bacteria. Wilcoxon test result showed a difference in the number of bacteria before and after hand washing where the number of bacteria after hand washing was fewer than before hand washing. The result of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no statistical difference in the decreased number of bacteria when both handrub were compared. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the decreased number of bacteria between the Softa-man® handrub and Moewardi’s handrub formula usage. Keywords: Handrub’s effectiveness, Alcohol-based handrub, Softa-man®, Moewardi’s formula, Number of bacteria.
Analisis Molekuler Regio Core Promoter dan Precore/CoreIsolat Virus Hepatitis B 09IDSKAB-3 Yudistiro, Ibnu; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: HBV replicates its DNA genome through reverse transcription from RNA intermediate. It is vulnerable to a high number of mutations during such reverse transcription which are frequently found in core promoter and precore/core regions. This study was aimed to identify genetic variation of HBV core promoter and  precore/core regions of 09IDSKAB-3 isolate. Methods: DNA extraction was performed on 09IDSKAB-3 blood sample that was taken from Man Sex with Man Community. Core promoter and precore/core regions were determined by PCR using KL-28 and KL-6 primers and direct sequencing of the corresponding region. Molecular analysis was performed using MEGA 4.0. Results: Based on BLAST result, 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate had the highest similarity to isolate AP011085 from DKI Jakarta. Genetic variations A1726C in core promoter, and T1860C, C1877T, G1957C in precore/core region were found in 09IDSKAB-3 isolate. Conclusions: 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate was classified into genotype B and subgenotype B3 based on core promoter and precore/core region. The genetic variations found in this isolate may have influence to the replication efficiency and HBeAg/HBcAg production, therefore need further study. Keywords: hepatitis B virus, molecular analysis, core promoter region, precore/core region

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