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Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
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Articles 123 Documents
Application of Autodock Vina program version 1.1.2 for Exploring Indonesian Phytochemicals as an Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Azzumar, Farchan; Indarto, Dono; ., Balgis
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Increased activity of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) can inhibit cell growth and biosynthetic pathwaysin some cancer cells. Recently, several endogenous ligands have been identified to activate AMPK including Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP).Virtual screening is one of the recent technique, which is used for drug discoveries.Therefore the aim of this study was to identify active compounds of Indonesian herbal plants that activate AMPK by using molecular docking. Methods: Samples used in this study wereall of active compounds which were derived from Indonesian herbal plantsand had three-dimensional structures. Molecular docking was performed by using AutodockVina version 1.1.2 to evaluate interaction between AMPK and active compounds. The AMP structure obtained from protein data bank (www.rcsb.org/pdb)was used as a molecule standard of AMPK interaction. Docking score indicated affinity of molecule interaction and was determined in Cal/mol. To visualize docking results that fit to the AMPK molecule, chimera software version 1.9 was used. Results: Curcumin has docking scores as same as docking score of AMP (-7.5 Cal/mol) and has hydrogen bound in γ subunit of AMPK (Thr86, Thr88, and Arg117). Conclusions: Curcumin might be an activator of AMPK. Another molecular docking which has a flexible substrate-enzyme algorithm is required for confirming the docking result. Keywords: AMPK, Herbal plant, Molecular Docking.  
The Influence Of Green Beans’s Flesh Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) On Total Cholesterol Blood Level Of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Hypercholesterolemia Models Shaufika, Yunindra Ken; Aisyah, Siti; Hermawan, Danus
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Coronary heart disease is often suffered by Indonesiaan which are characterized by excessive cholesterol levels. Beans is a leguminous plant that is widely consumed by Indonesian. Beans have compounds that can lower cholesterol levels in the fruit are flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols. Flavonoids work by inhibiting the action of enzymes that cholesterol forming HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Saponins inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Polyphenols work in inhibiting the oxidation of cholesterol. Statins currently used as a causative therapy in cases of hypercholesterolemia. However, use of these drugs gives the adverse side effects of the body. Therefore, researchers wanted to find out more about the influence of the content of the fruit flesh snaps against total blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This  research is as experimental laboratoric research with Randomized Controlled Trial design that post-test only control group design, have done in Histology Laboratorium of the University of March Surakarta. The subject  are 25 male white  rats, Wistar strain, aged 3 months, weighing 200 ± 10 gram grams. Green beans’s flesh made by using maceration method. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisting of 5 rats. In the negative control group was only given regular feed and distilled water, the positive control group was given hiperkolesterolemic feed, PTU and distilled water. Whereas in the treatment group was given hiperkolesterolemic feed, PTU and water as well as 50 mg of extract of the green beans’s flesh in treatment group I, 100 mg extract of the green beans’s flesh in the treatment group II and 150 mg extract of the green beans’s flesh in the treatment group III. All rats total blood cholesterol levels checked after the treatment period of 35 days. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with SPSS for Windows version 22. Results: The result of  one-way ANOVA test showed no significant total cholesterol blood levek difference between 5 groups of rats with p=0,299. Conclusions: The conclusion of the research  is there is no effect between green beans extract on total cholesterol blood levels of white rat. Researcher suggests to do similar researchs with better method. Keywords: Green beans’s flesh extract, total cholesterol, white rat, hypercholesterolemia
The Influence Rinsing Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Boiled Water to Bacterial Colonies in Oral Cavity Pertiwi, Annisa; Prayitno, Adi; ., Marwoto
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a herb plant that is widely consumed by society. Its flower contains some compounds that have antibacterial activity. Those compounds are flavonoid, phenol, tannin, and saponin. One of the main problems of the oral healthiness is gingivitis. In oral cavity of the gingivitis patients, there is an escalation of the number of bacterial colonies. Whereas using mouthwash is one of the ways to maintain the health of oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the influence of rinsing with roselle flower boiled water to the number of bacterial colonies in oral cavity. Methods: This research was an experimental analytic study with the pre test and post test controlled group design. There were 20 subjects that meet the criterias, they were divided randomly into 2 groups, each group consisting 10 subjects. Firstly, each group was once rinse with 15 ml distilled water for 30 seconds then the rinsing results were put inside the sterile pots. After that, group I was once rinse with 15 ml distilled water for 30 seconds, whereas the group II was rinse with 15 ml roselle flower boiled water for 30 seconds. The level of roselle in this research is 1,5 grams in 15 ml water. The rinsing results were carried to Microbiology Laboratory to put onto the nutrient agar then were incubated for 24 hours in 37ºC. The differences between the first rinse and the second rinse were calculated. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: The results were tested with linear regression test. It showed that roselle has the influence to inhibits the growth of bacterial colonies in the amount of 88%, whereas the 12% is influenced by other factors (e.g. degrees of acidity, the ability of the subjects in rinsing to reach the bacterias). Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is influence rinsing with roselle flower boiled water to the number of bacterial colonies in oral cavity. Keywords: roselle, bacterial colonies, oral cavity
The Effect of Beans Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to LDL Cholesterol Level in White Rats Hypercholesterolemia Model Sari, Noni Kartika; Nurwati, Ida; Hermawan, Danus
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level related with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) which is the most common death cause in the world. Beans contains flavonoid, phytosterol, saponin, niasin, vitamin C, and fiber which have hypolipidemic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of beans extract to the LDL cholesterol level in white rats hypercholesterolemia model. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research using the posttest only controlled group design, that have done in Histology Laboratorium of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Samples of research were 30 male white rats, Wistar strain. Control Group (KK) was given pellets and aquades for 28 days. Group 1 until 4 (KP1-4) were given duck egg yolk 5 gram/200 gram BW white rat/day and PTU 0,01% for 28 days. On days 15-28, Group 2 (KP2) was given simvastatin 0,72 mg/200 gram BW white rat/day, Group 3 was (KP3) given beans extract 100 mg/200 gram BW white rat/day, and Group 4 (KP4) was given beans extract 150 mg/200 gram BW white rat/day. The datas of LDL cholesterol level were analyzed with One-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Result: Result of this study shows that LDL cholesterol levels of KK = 33.83 ± 14.442 mg/dl, KP1 = 54.00 ± 27.943 mg/dl, KP2 = 18.83 ± 7.672 mg/dl, KP3 = 77.33 ± 20.954 mg/dl and KP4 = 80.17 ± 31.923 mg/dl. The statistical analysis with One- way ANOVA shows a significant difference in LDL cholesterol level among the five groups of treatment with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Test shows a significant difference in LDL cholesterol level between KP1 – KP2 with p = 0.011 (p < 0.05) and non significant difference in LDL cholesterol level between KK – KP1 with p = 0.129, KP1 – KP3 with p = 0.081, and KP1 – KP4 with p = 0.052 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The beans extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) does not give any effect to decrease of the LDL cholesterol level in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) hypercholesterolemia model. Keywords: Beans extract, LDL, Rattus norvegicus, hypercholesterolemia. 
Difference between Salivary pH Before and After Rinsing with White and Green Tea Solution Fahriani, Dahniar Rizki; Susanti, Widia; Subiyantoro, Pradipto
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: White and green tea contains Epigalocathechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) which is reported has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, thereby reducing the production of acid. White tea also has myricetin triglycoside compounds which is has antimicrobial effect and not found in the other types of tea. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in salivary pH before and after rinsing with white and green tea solution. Methods: This research was a quasi experimental with the pretest and posttest without control group design type. The samples were 34 people of medical students of UNS batch 2012-2014 chosen by purposive quota sampling technique. The samples were divided by simple random sampling technique into 2 groups, ie white tea group and green tea group. Every sample was taken out their saliva in the morning and early salivary pH was measured, then the first group rinsing with 20 ml white tea solution for 60 seconds and second group rinsing with 20 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds. After that, saliva was taken out again and measured as the final salivary pH. The collected data were analyzed with statistical Two Way (Within-Between) ANOVA test, the difference would be significant if p < 0.05. Results: This research showed that there were significant differences between salivary pH before and after each treatment group with the rinsing of white or green tea solution (p < 0.000). Differences in salivary pH before and after rinsing between white tea group and green tea group showed no significant difference (p = 0.981). Conclusion: Rinsing with white and green tea solution could increase salivary pH equally. Keywords: salivary pH, white tea, green tea, rinsing 
Effects of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Extracts on Triglyceride Levels of Wistar Rats with Hyperlipidemia Huda, Khairunnisa Nurul; Putranto, Andri; ., Muthmainah
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is characterized by increase of triglyceride. This lipid disorder associates with obesity, stroke and heart diseases. A recent study has been reported that the use of triglyceride-lowering drugs have many side effects. Therefore, some patients of dyslipidemia prefer to use complementer medicine like herbal medicine rather than the existing drugs. Green bean contains some secondary metabolites, which have hypolipidemic effects. This present study aimed to investigate the effect of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract on triglyceride levels of rats with hyperlipidemia. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with post test only control group design. Male Wistar rats, which aged 3 months old, and weighted ± 200 g were use in this study. Thirty rats were divided into five groups : two control groups (KKn, KKi) and 3 treatment groups. KKn was given distilled water and KKi was given 4.5 mL duck egg yolks orally and propylthiouracil (PTU) 0.01% ad libitum for 28 days. The treatment groups were given the same diet as the KKi group for 28 days. Green bean extract (GBE) (50, 100, and 150 mg/200g; per oral) was added in three treatment groups by the fifteen days of the experiment. The following day, rats were sacrificed and blood was collected from rat’s plexus retro-orbital. The serum triglyceride levels were determined using  spectrophotometer. All collected data were analyzed by using One Way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc test (α = 0.05). Result: Triglyceride levels of rats treated with green bean extracts (KP1, KP2, KP3) were lower than the control groups (KKn, KKi). The difference of triglyceride level reached significantly p = 0.000. The first treatment (KP1) group has 46.83 ± 20.62 mg/dL triglyceride level, which was higher than other treatment group (KP2, KP3) (30 ± 9.65 and 40.17 ± 11.37 mg/dL). However, it was not statistical difference. Conclusions: Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract 50-150 mg/bodyweight can reduce triglyceride levels of Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia. Further investigation will be required for determination of the effective dose reducing triglyceride level in the animal model. Keywords: green bean, triglyceride, hyperlipidemia, Rattus norvegicus
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Cat’s Nettle Leaf (Acalypha indica Linn) to The Mortality of Aedes aegypti Larvae Mashuri, Yusuf Ari; Rizki, Yunika Varestri Anugrah; Sakiman, FX. Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: The incidency of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia is high. The best way of prevention is cutting the infection chains, one of them is using larvasida. Methanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf is known as the killer of Aedes aegypti larvae in India. Here, the study is to examine if ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf in Indonesia has same larvasida affect toward Aedes aegypti. It is because the cat’s nettle leaf in Indonesia may have different variations. Methods: The study was a laboratoric experimental which was performed in Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga, Central Java. The subject was cat’s nettle leaf which was obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta. Also, the indicator was 750 third instar Aedes aegypti larvas which were obtained from B2P2VRP Salatiga, Central Java. Ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf was obtained from Pharmacology Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University. The study was a post test only control group design with 1 control group and 5 treatment groups. Each group was consisted of 25 larvae and was examined four times. Aquades of 100 ml was administered to the control group. While, the ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf with concentration of 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%, 1,2% and 1,5% were administered to the treatment group. After 24 hours, observation and calculation of total larvae death were established. The data was analyzed by using Probit Regression and Curve Estimation. Results: The percentage of dead larvae in 0,03%, 0,06%, 0,09%, 1,2% and 1,5% of cat’s nettle leaf’s ethanol extract were 58%, 63%, 71%, 91% dan 94% respectively. The statistic result of Probit Regression shows that LC50 and LC99 are on 0,029% and 0,61% concentration respectively. Also, the Curve Estimation result shows that there is effect of ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf to the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae with tight correlation R² = 0,888 and the linear regression equation is Y = 0,478 + 3,073 X. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf induced effect to the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 on 0,029% concentration and LC99 on 0,61% concentration. Keywords: Aedes aegypti  larvae,  etanol extract of cat’s nettle leaf,  LC50 and LC99
The Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Garden Balsam’s Leaves (Impatiens balsamina) To Mortality Of Anopheles aconitus Larvae Rizki, Mutiani; Handayani, Sutartinah Sri; Nugroho, Dian
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of malaria in Indonesia is still high. One of the vector which transmitted malaria in Indonesia is Anopheles aconitus. During this time, abate (temephos) was being used to eliminate the mosquito larvae. The long-term use of abate (temephos) is not good for environment and perhaps may cause resistance on mosquito. Garden Balsam’s leaves (Impatiens balsamina) contain substances which can be larvacide, so the researcher want to prove whether the ethanol extract of Garden Balsam’s leaves (Impatiens balsamina) have effect to mortality of Anopheles aconitus. Methods: This research used laboratory experimental method with the post test only control group design. The object of this research was Anopheles aconitus larvae which divided into 7 groups, each group contain 25 larvae and this research was replicated 4 times. For the negative control, 100 ml aquadest was used. And for the other 6 groups, contain 300 mg, 500 mg, 700 mg, 900 mg, 1100 mg, 1300 mg extract in 100 ml aquadest. The data was analyzed by Linear Regression and Probit test. Results : Linear Regression test show that the percentage of extract effect to larvae mortality is 88,3% and the rest 11.7%  was effected by the other variable. The linear equation is Y’= 3.116 + 0,02X . Probit test show LC50 is 405.580 mg/100 ml and LC99 is 1352.177 mg/100 ml. Conclusion: There is effect of ethanol extract of Garden Balsam’s leaves (Impatiens balsamina) to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae. The LC50 is 405.580 mg/100 ml and LC99 is 1352.177 mg/100 ml. Keywords: extract of Garden Balsam’s leaves, mortality, Anopheles aconitus larvae
The Effect of Indonesian Bayleaf’s [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp] Ethanol 70% Extract Granule to the Mortality of Anopheles aconitus Larvae Heriansyah, Muhamad Dwi; Handayani, Sutartinah Sri; Nugroho, Novianto Adi
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Due to the high rate of malaria incidence in Indonesia and antimalaria drugs resistance causes increment of mortality and morbidity rate for the patients. Most people to cope with the situation, tend to use larvicide to manage the vector but in the process it face some difficulity that not only it can harm the environment but also tend to develop resistance. This research will focus to find an alternative larvicide made by plant to substitute the synthetic larvicide. This research tries to determine the effect of Indonesian bayleaf granule extract to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods: This research used laboratory experimental design with the post test only control group design. This experiment was used Indonesian Bayleaf’s [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp] granule ethanol extract as larvicide against Anopheles aconitus larvae. Larvae were divided into 9 groups, each group contains 25 larvaes. For the negative control group 100 ml aquadest was used. The other 8 groups which 1 group with 3500 mg dextrin was added, and 7 group with different granule concentration (1700 mg, 2100 mg, 2500 mg, 2900 mg, 3300 mg, 3700 mg, 4100 mg). This research conducted with 4 times replication based on WHO guideline. The observation was held after 24 hours the experiment are conducted, and then the number of dead larvae was counted. The data was analysed with ANOVA, LSD and Probit test. Results: ANOVA test, LSD, was used to analyse the data it showed that there are significant difference of larvae mortality between the experimental group. Probit test that was also used showed that the LC50 is is 2,005.3 mg/100 ml and the LC99 is 7,730.41 mg/100 ml. Conclusion: There was effect of Indonesian bayleaf [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp] granule ethanol extract to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus. The LC50 is 2,005.3 mg/100 ml and the LC99 is 7,730.41 mg/100 ml. Keyword: granules, Indonesian bayleaf extract, Anopheles aconitus larvae, mortality
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sweet Leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to The Mortality of Aedes aegypti L. Larvae Mahendra, Anton Giri; Haryati, Sri; Sakiman, FX. Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is known to contain saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Saponins, tannins and flavonoids are compounds that known as larvicides. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of the sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) had an effect on mortality of larvae of Aedes aegypti L. Methods: This research were laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design. The object was the larva of Aedes aegypti L. that divided into 7 groups, each group contains 25 larvae. Each group consists of four plastic cups filled with ethanol extract of sweet leaf at the same concentration. The control group were exposed to ethanol extract of the sweet leaf with a concentration of 0 mg / 100 ml. The other six groups were given different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaf. There were 200 mg/ 100 ml, 600 mg/ 100 ml, 1000 mg/ 100 ml, 1400 mg/ 100 ml, 1800 mg/ 100 ml, 2200 mg/ 100 ml, respectively. The observation was taken at the next 24 hours and the number of dead larvae were counted. Linear regression and probit regression were used as statistical analysis. Results: Linear Regression test shows that the R2 score was 0.99. That means the percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae was 99 % and the rest 1% was affected by other variables. Probit regression test shows LC50 was 1157 mg / 100 ml and LC99 was 3075 mg / 100 ml. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) had an effect on mortality of larvae of Aedes aegypti L. on LC50 of 1157 mg / 100ml and LC99 of 3075 mg / 100 ml, as well as the percentage of variable effect of ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) on mortality of Aedes aegypti L. larvae at 99%. Keywords: sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), Aedes aegypti L. larvae 

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