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Folia Medica Indonesiana

FMI
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 23558393 EISSN : 2599056X DOI : -

Core Subject : Education,

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Folia Medica Indonesiana publishes articles in the field of medical science in particular and health sciences in general, as well as a variety of other fields related to those two disciplines. Most of the articles are research article, and others are articles on case reports and literature review. In their presentation in the journal, the articles have passed meticulous editing process by the editors and review process and by competent peer reviewers, with national and international reputation, making the articles presented in this journal qualified, updated, and informative.

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Articles 456 Documents

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Analysis of Prophylactic Antibiotics Usage in Caesarean Section Delivery Binti Muzayyanah; Yulistiani Yulistiani; Didik Hasmono; Nuraida Wisudani
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Caesarean section is the delivery through a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus with various risks, such as Surgical Site Infection (SSI) which either occurs rapidly (24-48 hours postoperatively) or delayed. To reduce the risk of various post-cesarean section infections, prophylactic antibiotics are given. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics with recommended regimens, such as in developed countries as in the United States and Europe, with first generation of cephalosporins has not been applied in Dr. Iskak Hospital, Tulungagung. This hospital still used other types of antibiotics, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. In addition, for several reasons, prophylactic antibiotics were continued with other antibiotics to reduce the risk of delayed infection. This study was designed to analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics as recommended in cesarean section. This was a prospective observational study with consecutive sampling type, examined 41 mothers with cesarean section at the Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, Dr. Iskak Hospital, Tulungagung, Indonesia. This study was conducted from May to July, 2017. The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic use was 98% based on the clinical parameters and maternal laboratory outcome, which showed that SIRS was in normal category. Whereas, there was one mother (2%) who had SSI on day 10 postoperatively.

Red Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Petal Brew is Able to Reduce the Sprague Dawley MDA Rate in Rats Exposed to Waste Cooking Oil Arya Ulilalbab; Eni Maskanah
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Food and snacks sold are usually fried using oil that has been used for frying repeatedly. Oil that is repeatedly used for frying is often called waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil is a source of exogenous free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress. To prevent this, sufficient antioxidant intake is needed. One source of antioxidants is red rosella. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving red rosella petals on the conditions of oxidative stress in Sprague dawley rats exposed to waste cooking oil through MDA testing. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The sample consisted of 24 male rats which were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups: negative control (no treatment), positive control (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW), treatment 1 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petal brew dosed of 540 mg/kgBW, and treatment 2 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petals brew dosed of 810 mg/kgBW). The results of the one way ANOVA analysis (a=1%) and the Tukey HSD test showed the p value of MDA=0.00, indicating that all treatments had significant effect. In further tests, it was found that all treatments contained differences in MDA values. The best value in the treatment was by giving a dose of 810 mg/kgBW (serum MDA of 2.22 nmol/ml). It can be concluded that the administration of red rosella petal in doses of 540 mg/kgBW (EC50=407.52 ppm) and 810 mg/kgBW (EC50=247.82 ppm) can improve the oxidative stress of Sprague dawley rats.Food and snacks sold are usually fried using oil that has been used for frying repeatedly. Oil that is repeatedly used for frying is often called waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil is a source of exogenous free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress. To prevent this, sufficient antioxidant intake is needed. One source of antioxidants is red rosella. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving red rosella petals on the conditions of oxidative stress in Sprague dawley rats exposed to waste cooking oil through MDA testing. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The sample consisted of 24 male rats which were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups: negative control (no treatment), positive control (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW), treatment 1 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petal brew dosed of 540 mg/kgBW, and treatment 2 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petals brew dosed of 810 mg/kgBW). The results of the one way ANOVA analysis (a=1%) and the Tukey HSD test showed the p value of MDA=0.00, indicating that all treatments had significant effect. In further tests, it was found that all treatments contained differences in MDA values. The best value in the treatment was by giving a dose of 810 mg/kgBW (serum MDA of 2.22 nmol/ml). It can be concluded that the administration of red rosella petal in doses of 540 mg/kgBW (EC50=407.52 ppm) and 810 mg/kgBW (EC50=247.82 ppm) can improve the oxidative stress of Sprague dawley rats.

Characteristics of Primary Glaucoma in Eye Outpatient Clinic of RA Basoeni Hospital, Mojokerto, Indonesia Awina Rayungsista
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Glaucoma is the third cause of blindness after cataracts and refractive disorders. About 4.5 million people worldwide suffer from blindness due to primary glaucoma. A study on the characteristics of primary glaucoma in Eye Clinic at RA Basoeni Mojokerto Hospital in the period of January-December 2016 had been performed in a descriptive cross sectional retropective study, observing: glaucoma type, gender, age, laterality, visual acuity, and intra ocular pressure (IOP). The type of primary glaucoma that most patients experienced was primary closed angle glaucoma. In primary open-angle glaucoma, the number of male patients was almost the same as female patients. Whereas, in primary closed-angle glaucoma, there were more female patients than male. Primary glaucoma patients, both open and closed, were mostly >60 years old. Both primary open and closed angle glaucoma occurred mostly bilaterally. The highest visual acuity of primary glaucoma patients was mild vision loss and near-total vision loss. More glaucoma patients had IOP >21 mmHg, both in right and left eye.

Local Mapping Profile of Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)-Loop in Forensic Identification Ahmad Yudianto; Nola Margaret
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

To prove that mitochondrial DNA damage is not total or partial, as has been found in the preliminary study, studies need to be done to determine the opportunity of successful use of the mitochondrial DNA mini-primer set in an amplicon product below 250 bp. This is important because it can overcome quality problems in degraded DNA, which will complicate the process of DNA forensic identification. This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The study material was DNA from blood and sweat stains taken from abandoned bodies. Samples consisted of 24 pieces of blood and sweat spots. The measurements of mean DNA levels and sample purity used UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, revealing mean DNA in blood samples of 152.89 ± 85.71 µg/ml and sweat samples of 89.19 ± 5.58 µg/ml, and sample purity of DNA and sweat were 1.89 ± 0.71 and 1.69 ± 0.76. Whereas, the result of D-Loop mtDNA: D-Loop I 143bp nt: 16268 -16410 and D-Loop HVS II 126bp nt: 34 -159, indicating blood spots were detected positively >95% and sweat was detected positively in 5%-20%. Results of DNA sequencing from mtDNA of blood spots and sweat spots in 126 bp and 143 bp amplicon revealed nucleotide damage marked with the letter 'N'. In conclusion, mini-primers of mitochondrial DNA in the amplification product mtDNA D-Loop HVS II 126 bp (nt 59-134) and D-Loop HVS I 143 bp (nt 16268-16410) were effectively used as support for DNA profiling in forensic medicine.

Identification of Human DNA in Mixture of Human and Chicken Blood Using PCR with Specific Primer of Cytochrome B Gene Wimbuh Tri Widodo; Ahmad Yudianto; Sri Puji Astuti W
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

This study aimed to identify human DNA from mixing human and chicken blood samples by utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cytochrome b gene primer. The cytochrome b gene is a gene located in mitochondrial DNA and has high variation of sequence relation between one species and another. PCR analysis was performed using human cytochrome b gene primer in variation of DNA templates (0 ng, 0.01 ng, 0.1 ng, 1 ng, 10 ng and 100 ng), human blood percentages (100%, 50%, 40 %, 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0%) and sample age before analysis (0 day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days). The minimum DNA template obtained in this study was 0.01 ng and minimum percentage of human blood in the mixture was 1%. Blood spots on cloth isolated on days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 15 could still be analyzed and the resulting of DNA band (157 bp) had the same intensity/thickness. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that human blood in the mixture of human and chicken blood can be identified using PCR with specific primers of cytochrome b gene. PCR using specific primer of cytochrome b gene may help forensic practitioners to identify human sample in mixed biological samples.

Erythropoietin Restores Motor Functions through Angiogenesis in the Thalamus Area of Ischemic Stroke in Rats Rifda Naufa Lina; Mahardian Rahmadi; Junaidi Khotib
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

The present study aimed to determine the potency of erythropoietin as angiogenesis inducer in ischemic stroke rats model. Animal model was treated by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (rUCCAO) for 90 minutes. The stroke model produced decreased motor function. Eight to 12 week-old Wistar rats were used. rHuEPO was administered for 7 days, starting at 24 hours after stroke induction. Motor functions were measured before and 1, 3 and 7 days after rUCCAO. Whereas, histological damage and VEGF expression were evaluated at day 14. The results showed that rHuEPO significantly increased motor function on day 7, reduced the number of damaged body cell and increased VEGF expression in the thalamus area on day 14. As a conclusion, rHuEPO may restore the motoric function and prevent brain neuronal death by inducing angiogenesis through the increase in the expression of VEGF in rUCCAO-induced ischemic stroke model.

The Examination of ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPT-64 Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Urine of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patient with Immunochromatography to Support the Diagnosis Anita Budiarti; Jusak Nugraha; Agung Dwi Wahyu W
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Tuberculosis in children is often a systemic complication because of their imperfect cellular immune system. ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPT-64 are small molecular dominant antigens secreted by Mtb into the blood and filtered by the kidneys into urine. The high proportion of children with TB cases according to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2013 was 7.9%-12%. Diagnis is difficult to establish with sputum and blood samples. Therefore, it is necessary to support the diagnosis using urine samples with ICT rapid test. The purpose of this study was to determine the examination of Mtb ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPT-64 antigens in the urine of pediatric TB patients with ICT to support the diagnosis. The method used was analytic observation with case control design. The results of the study showed that 32 of the urine of children with TB who were examined with ICT, 22 showed ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPT-64 positive and 10 negative. Whereas, from 32 urine of healthy children, 25 were negative and 7 were positive. Analysis results showed 95% confidence (CI), p = 0.0002 (p <0.05), 78% specificity and 68.8% sensitivity compared to TB diagnosis from pediatricians. As a conclusion, Mtb ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPT-64 antigens can be examined in the urine of pediatric TB patients with ICT to support the diagnosis.

Development Ischemic Stroke Model by Right Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (RUCCAO) Method Ika Ayu Mentari; Rifda Naufalina; Mahardian Rahmadi; Junaidi Khotib
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

This study was designed to examine motor and congnitive changes, infarct lesion and neurohistological changes, involving histologic staining and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 after induction by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (RUCCAO) for 90 minutes. The animals were divided into two groups: sham group and stroke model group. Cognitive impairment was evaluated by Y maze. Motor function was measured on days 0, 1, 3 and 7 using FUAT paradigm. Infarct area, histological and caspase-3 expressions were evaluated on day 14 after RUCCAO. The results showed that RUCCAO induced cognitive and motor impairment on day 3 and 7. Furthermore, stroke model group induced infarct lesion. Hispatology examination showed body damage of neuron cell in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Moreover, expression of caspase-3 on RUCCAO group was significantly higher than that in sham group. In conclusion, RUCCAO method caused significant cognitive and motor function impairment. Furthermore, RUCCAO also induced infarct lesions and cell death in the thalamus brain area. Thus, RUCCAO can be employed as a method for ischemic stroke model, especially in focal ischemia.

Analysis of Minichromosome Maintenance-2 (MCM-2) and Cyclin D1 Expression in Meningioma Yuliana Kurniawati; Dyah Fauziah
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

World Health Organization histopathological grading of meningioma is associated with recurrence and clinical outcome. Grade II meningioma can be difficult to distinguish with grade I especially in case in which mitosis is not easily identified. MCM-2 and Cyclin D1 play crucial role in cell cycle and have been reported overexpressed in many malignant tumors. The aim of this observational analytic study was to analyze the differences and correlation between MCM-2 and Cyclin D1 in various meningioma grading. Immunohistochemystry with MCM-2 and Cyclin D1 was performed on 25 paraffin blocks of grade I, II and III meningiomas at the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The immunoexpression are evaluated using Labelling Index, then analyzed statistically. The results showed significant difference in expression of MCM-2 within various meningioma grading (p=0.000) and significant difference in expression of Cyclin D1 within grade I and II also within grade I and III (p<0.050), but not in grade II and III (p>0.050). There was also positive correlation between MCM-2 and Cyclin D1 expression in various meningioma grading (rs=0.683, p=0.000). MCM-2 may play role in distinguishing various meningioma grading. Cyclin D1 can distinguish grade I and II also grade I and III, but not grade II and III. Overexpression MCM-2 was along with Cyclin D1 in various meningioma gradings.

Anthropocephalometric Aspects of Frontoethmoid Encephalocele Patients Arifin Parenrengi
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Frontoethmoid encephalocele (FEE) causes maxillofacial structural abnormalities and also covers some bony landmarks, especially in the glabella region. This study examined the faces of frontoethmoid encephalocele patients before undergoing corrective surgery with the aim of identifying and assessing their facial morphological differences. This was a cross-sectional study from January 1, 2016 to June 31, 2017. A simple anthropocephalometric measurement was performed on the patient's face who would undergo surgery. Periorbital and mid-face measurements showed differences between the patients and normal groups. The midface structure of the patients clearly changed. The age when the procedure was taken also had effect. Preoperative 3DCT is proposed to describe the facial anatomy of EFE patients. Further studies in this field are suggested to produce a comprehensive database of facial morphology changes in FEE populations, both pre- and post-operatively, with the intention of producing a redefinition of FEE cases based on anthropo-cephalometric principles.

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