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INDONESIA
Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23375701     EISSN : 2337 5701     DOI : -
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Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (IJCP) is a scientific publication on all aspect of clinical pharmacy. It published 4 times a year by Clinical Pharmacy Master Program Universitas Padjadjaran to provide a forum for clinicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking and a more collaborative approach in patient care. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is intended to feature quality research articles in clinical pharmacy to become scientific guide in fields related to clinical pharmacy. It is a peer-reviewed journal and publishes original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, and brief research communications on all aspects of Clinical Pharmacy. It is also a media for publicizing meetings and news relating to advances in Clinical Pharmacy in the regions.
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Articles 484 Documents
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Ocular Insert: Dosage Form for Sustain Opthalmic Drug Delivery Thakral, Sunil Kumar; Nagori, Badri P.; Issarani, Roshan; Ahuja, Munish
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Except for skin, the eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Traditional topical ophthalmic formulations (eye drops and ointments) have poor bioavailability because of rapid pre-corneal elimination, conjunctival absorption, solution drainage by gravity, induced lacrimation and normal tear turnover. This leads to frequent  installations of concentrated medication to achieve a therapeutic effect. The typical “pulse-entry” type drug release observed with ocular aqueous solutions (eye drops), suspensions and ointments can be replaced by more controlled, sustained, and continuous drug delivery, using a controlled-release ocular drug delivery system. Ocular inserts are solid or semisolid sterile preparations, of appropriate size and shape, designed to be inserted behind the eyelid or held on the eye and to deliver drugs for topical or systemic  effect. These are polymeric systems into which the drug is incorporated as a solution or dispersion. They are better tolerated as to drainage and tear flow compared with other ophthalmic formulation and produce reliable drug release in the conjunctival cul-de-sac.Key words: Eye, ocular inserts, films simulated tear fluid, cul-de-sac Penyisipan Okular: Sediaan untuk Penghantaran Obat Mata DiperlambatAbstrakMata adalah organ yang paling mudah dijangkau untuk pengobatan topikal selain kulit. Formulasi sediaan topikal tradisional untuk mata (tetes mata dan salep) memiliki ketersediaan hayati yang rendah karena cepat dieliminasi sebelum mencapai kornea, absorpsi konjungtiva, kekeringan cairan mata karena gravitasi, lakrimasi terinduksi, dan pergantian normal air mata. Hal ini mengarahkan pada penggunaan obat yang pekat secara berulang untuk menghasilkan efek terapi. Tipe obat pulse-entry seperti tetes mata, suspensi, dan salep dapat digantikan dengan penghantaran obat yang lebih terkontrol, diperlambat, dan berkelanjutan menggunakan sistem penghantaran obat okular yang pengeluarannya dikontrol. Sediaan penyisipan okular merupakan sediaan steril berbentuk solid dan semisolid, dengan ukuran dan bentuk yang sesuai, serta didesain untuk dapat disisipkan di belakang kelopak mata atau diletakkan di atas mata untuk menghantarkan efek obat secara topikal atau sistemik. Sediaan ini  merupakan sistem polimer yang tidak larut atau terdispersi. Sediaan ini lebih baik dalam hal pengeringan dan aliran air mata dibandingkan formulasi sediaan mata yang lain dan menghasilkan pengeluaran obat yang reliabel pada konjungtiva kuldesak.Kata kunci: Mata, penyisipan okular, simulasi cairan air mata film, kuldesak
Effect of Guava Extract Administration on Megakaryocytes Amount in Mice Femur Atik, Nur; Munawir, Maqrizi D. S.; Tarawifa, Susan; Darmadji, Hartati P.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1010.183 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.2.116

Abstract

Dengue fever is a disease spread by mosquito’s bite. Dengue fever is marked by the presence of thrombocytopenia. Traditional crops such as guava are commonly used to treat dengue fever. This research aims to know the effect of guava extract administration towards megakaryocytes amount in mice femur. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapy, Histology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Padjadjaran, Eijkman, Bandung from September until November 2016 using laboratory experimental study design. 20 Swiss webster mice strains were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group I and II were administered quinine 2.8 mg/20 grBW/day for 14 days to decrease amount of trombocytes. Group II and III were administered guava extract 0.785 mg/20 grBW/day for 5 days. Group IV was administered aquadest for 19 days. In the 27th day, the mice left femurs were collected and made into paraffin section preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining and then observed under microscope. Group IV had the most megakaryocytes followed by Group II, III, and I. Based on Kruskal-Wallis test, a significant difference was shown (p<0.05). Mann- Whitney test showed that there were significant differences between Group I and Group II, III, and IV. Meanwhile there was no significant difference between normal mice and extract-given mice. Guava extract is proven statistically significant to increase the megakaryocytes amount in thrombocytopenic mice without increasing number of megakaryocytes in normal mice.
Validasi Kuesioner Skala Kelelahan FACIT pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Rutin Sihombing, Jhonson P.; Hakim, Lukman; Andayani, Tri M.; Irijanto, Fredie
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 5, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (367.394 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2016.5.4.231

Abstract

Anemia sangat umum terjadi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK). Salah satu akibat dari anemia adalah terjadinya kelelahan sehingga pasien mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup. Kuesioner Skala Kelelahan Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) adalah suatu instrumen untuk mengetahui tingkat kelelahan pasien. Di Indonesia, kuesioner Skala Kelelahan FACIT belum pernah divalidasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memvalidasi kuesioner Skala Kelelahan FACIT versi Indonesia sebagai salah satu instrumen pengukuran kualitas hidup pasien. Skala Kelelahan FACIT diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia dan dibagikan kepada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis rutin di rumah sakit akademik di Yogyakarta pada periode Mei–Oktober 2015. Validitas dievaluasi dengan uji Pearson correlation dan reliabilitas dievaluasi dengan uji Cronbach alpha. Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan semua butir pertanyaan valid karena nilai r hitung lebih besar dari nilai r tabel=0,279 dan reliabel karena r11=0,646>0,6 yang menunjukkan bahwa instrumen kuesioner reliabel. Kesimpulannya adalah kuesioner Skala Kelelahan FACIT versi Indonesia merupakan suatu pengukuran yang ringkas dan valid untuk memonitor gejala anemia dan efeknya pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis.Kata kunci: FACIT, hemodialisis, penyakit ginjal kronis, validasi Validation of Indonesian Version of FACIT Fatigue Scale Questionnaire in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Routine Hemodialysis Anemia is common in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). One of anemia consequences is fatigue which can lead to decrease in quality of life. Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Fatigue Scale is an instrument to measure patient’s score of fatigue. This questionnaire is not validated yet in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to validate Indonesian version of Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Fatigue Scale as an instrument for patient’s quality of life. FACIT Fatigue Scale was translated into Indonesian and administrated to CKD patients with routine homodialysis in an academic hospital in Yogyakarta on May until October 2015. The validity was evaluated by Pearson correlation test and the reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha test. Validity test showed that all of the questions were valid because r count was bigger than r table=0,279 and reliable because r11=0,646>0,6. In conclusion, Indonesian version of FACIT Fatigue Scale was a brief and valid to monitor important symptom and its effect on CKD patients with routine hemodialysis.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, FACIT, hemodialysis, validity
Resistensi Aspirin pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner dengan Hipertensi Yunita, Ema P.; Zulkarnain, Bambang S.; Aminuddin, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (285.925 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2015.4.1.28

Abstract

Aspirin adalah terapi antiplatelet standar untuk penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Aspirin dapat memberikan efek antiplatelet melalui asetilasi siklooksigenase di platelet sehingga menimbulkan hambatan pembentukan platelet yang permanen. Namun, aktivitas antiplatelet pada setiap individu dapat bervariasi. Penelitian di luar Indonesia memperkirakan sekitar 5 sampai 45% dari populasi tidak memperoleh efek antiplatelet yang adekuat dari aspirin. Penelitian tentang resistensi aspirin belum pernah dilakukan di RS Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat prevalensi resistensi aspirin dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi resistensi aspirin pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner dengan komorbid hipertensi menggunakan metode agregasi platelet optik. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan melibatkan 43 pasien di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya selama bulan Juni 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak diperoleh pasien dengan resistensi aspirin dan hanya dua (4,7%) pasien termasuk aspirin semirespon. Respon pasien penyakit jantung coroner (PJK) dengan komorbid hipertensi terhadap aspirin sebagai antiplatelet masih bagus. Diperlukan penelitian serupa dengan sampel yang lebih besar pada pasien PJK disertai dua atau lebih komorbid. Selain itu, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui genotipe diantara pasien yang memberikan respon bagus dan pasien yang memberikan respon kurang terhadap aspirin.Kata kunci: Agregasi platelet, hipertensi, penyakit jantung koroner, resistensi aspirinAspirin Resistance in Coronary Artery Disease with Hypertensive PatientsAspirin is gold standard for antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular treatment today. It exerts its antiplatelet effect by acetylation of the platelet cyclooxygenase, resulting in an irreversible inhibition of plateletdependent thromboxane formation. However, aspirin has been shown to have variable antiplatelet activity in individual patients. Previous studies estimated that 5% to 45% of population do not achieve an adequate antiplatelet effect from aspirin. Studies about aspirin resistance have never been done in Indonesian hospitals. This study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of aspirin resistance and influencing factors of aspirin resistance in coronary artery disease with hypertensive patients by using an established method of optical platelet aggregation. Fourty three patients were involved in this study. The sampling of this cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in June 2012. Of the patients studied, there were no aspirin resistant and only 2 (4.7%) were aspirin semiresponders. It can be concluded that coronary artery disease patients with hypertension to aspirin as antiplatelet agent were good. Similar research is needed to be conducted with more sample sizes in coronary artery diseasepatients with two or more comorbid. In addition, further research is needed to determine genotyping between good or poor patient’s respond to aspirin.Keywords: Aspirin resistance, coronary artery disease, hypertensive, platelet aggregation
Persepsi dan Harapan Konsumen Apotek terhadap Apoteker Farmasi Komunitas Hutami, Sekar T.; Rokhman, Muhammad R.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi sekaligus harapan konsumen apotek terhadap apoteker farmasi komunitas di wilayah kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian termasuk penelitian deskriptif noneksperimental. Seratus responden diambil dari lima apotek dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Data didapat dengan survei langsung menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner dan dianalisa dengan analisis statistik deskriptif menggunakan statistik frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, hanya 62%responden yang mampu membedakan apoteker de-ngan petugas lain di apotek dan 75% responden mengetahuiadanya layanan konsultasi obat oleh apoteker. Persepsi responden pada peran apoteker sebagaisumber informasi obat masih berada di bawah dokter (nilai gap -0,27) dan responden menempatkan apoteker pada peringkat 2 profesi kesehatan yang paling dipercaya setelah dokter. Harapan responden akan pengembangan layanan apoteker paling tinggi pada kemudahan dihubungi di luar jam kerja (80%) dan apoteker diharapkan melakukan pemantauan terapi (73,25%), sedangkan harapan responden akan pengembangan layanan apotek adalah buka 24 jam (87,25%) dan kelengkapan obat (92,25%). Meskipun konsumen belum menempatkan apoteker sebagai sumber informasi obat yang paling utama, namun terdapat kelompok konsumen yang sudah mulai memahami peran apoteker sebagai sumber informasi obat.Kata kunci: Persepsi, harapan, apoteker, konsumen Consumer Perception and Expectation of Community PharmacistThe aims of the study are to determine consumer perception and expectation of community pharmacist in Yogyakarta. This research was a non-experimental descriptive study.One hundred respondentswere taken from five pharmacies with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by  urveyusing a questionnaire and were analysed with descriptive statistical analysis using frequency statistics. The results showed that 62% of respondents were able to distinguish pharmacists with other staffs in the pharmacy and 75% of respondents understood that they could consult with pharmacist about medicationsthat they were taking. Respondents received drug information less from community pharmacist than from physician (-0.27) and placed pharmacists at the second place in the ranking of the most reliable health provider after physician. The highest respondent expectation of pharmacist service developmentswere willingness to be contacted outside office hours (80.00%) and monitoring drug therapy (73.25%). In pharmacy services development, respondents expected two important services which are 24 hours pharmacy services (87.25%) and completeness of offered drug (92.25%). Although consumers have not already put pharmacists as the first drug information provider, but the consumers have begun to understand the role of pharmacist as drug information source.Key words: Perception, expectation, pharmacist, consumer
Satisfaction’s Level of Hypertensive Patients towards Pharmacy Counseling with Al-Quran Based at Karya Sehat Pharmacy in Purwokerto, Banyumas Regency Galistiani, Githa F.; Wibowo, Much I. N. A.; Gladiawati, Rachmi; Merishandy, Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (534.742 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2018.7.1.38

Abstract

Hypertension is a major cause of death in some countries. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated there are 11% of undetected hypertension in which 50% of them are living in developing countries such as Indonesia, with the incidence of 25.8%. Pharmaceutical counseling is one of the most comprehensive pharmacist services. Therefore, pharmacists’ participation through counseling is needed to provide pharmacological therapy by administration of antihypertensive medication and nonpharmacological therapy, for instance by recital of Al-Quran during pharmaceutical therapy which become the objective of this study. This research aimed to determine satisfaction’s level of hypertensive patients with the intervention of pharmaceutical counseling with Al-Quran based as well as effectiveness of the therapy. This research was conducted from February until March 2017 at Karya Sehat Pharmacy in Banyumas regency. This research is an experimental with post test only design group methods. Data in this study is quantitative data with questionnaires as research instruments. Result of this research showed that the satisfaction’s level of patients with usual care counseling and Al-Quran based pharmacy counseling had CSI values of 73.55% and 72.63%, respectively. There is no difference of level of satisfaction between the two groups. Both of pharmacy counseling methods can be applied in pharmacy services to improve patients’s satisfaction.Keywords: Hypertension, patient’s satisfaction, pharmaceutical counseling Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien dalam Pelayanan Konseling Kefarmasian Berbasis Al-Quran di Apotek Karya Sehat Purwokerto, Kabupaten BanyumasHipertensi menjadi penyebab utama kematian di beberapa negara. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan terdapat 11% pasien hipertensi di dunia yang tidak terdeteksi dan 50% di antaranya berada di negara berkembang, salah satunya di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian sebesar 25,8%. Konseling kefarmasian merupakan salah satu pelayanan apoteker yang komprehensif. Untuk itu, diperlukan partisipasi aktif apoteker melalui konseling di apotek yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat untuk memberikan terapi farmakologi berupa pemberian obat antihipertensi dan penyaranan terapi nonfarmakologi, salah satunya berupa penganjuran membaca Al-Quran pada saat melakukan konseling kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan intervensi konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran terhadap pelayanan apoteker serta efektivitas pengobatan pasien. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari–Maret 2017 di Apotek Karya Sehat Purwokerto, Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test only groups design. Jenis data yang digunakan merupakan data kuantitatif dengan bantuan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Tingkat kepuasan pasien yang mendapatkan konseling kefarmasian usual care dan konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran masing-masing memiliki nilai CSI sebesar 73.55% dan 72.63%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepuasan antara kedua kelompok. Kedua metode konseling kefarmasian dapat diterapkan dalam pelayanan kefarmasain untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pasien.Kata kunci: Hipertensi, kepuasan pasien, konseling kefarmasian 
Efektivitas dan Risiko Toksisitas Aminofilin Intravena pada Pengobatan Awal Serangan Asma Lorensia, Amelia; Ikawati, Zullies; Andayani, Tri M.; Suryadinata, Rivan V.; Hantoro, Khaula A. A.; Firanita, Lisma D.
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (455.651 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2018.7.2.78

Abstract

Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada saluran pernafasan yang mempunyai prevalensi global yang cukup besar. Perburukan penyakit asma berupa serangan asma yang menyebabkan peningkatan gejala asma dan penurunan fungsi paru secara progresif. Salah satu obat asma yang masih sering digunakan di Indonesia adalah aminofilin intravena. Aminofilin merupakan obat dengan rentang terapi sempit yang berisiko menyebabkan toksisitas obat, namun data perbandingan keuntungan efektivitas dan keamanan obat tersebut belum memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas aminofilin intravena pada pengobatan awal serangan asma berupa perbaikan gejala asma dan kejadian toksisitas terkait gejala yang muncul dan kadar teofilin dalam darah di suatu rumah sakit di Surabaya, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pra-eksperimental yang dilaksanakan sejak 2014 hingga 2016. Sebanyak 27 pasien terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Terapi yang diberikan adalah aminofilin intravena selama satu jam. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan jum. Semua subjek penelitian menunjukkan perbaikan gejala serangan asma dengan terapi aminofilin intravena selama satu jam, dan tidak ada yang mengalami toksisitas karena kadar teofilin dalam darah di bawah rentang terapi. Aminofilin masih efektif dalam mengurangi gejala pada serangan asma dan tidak menunjukkan risiko toksisitas.Kata kunci: Aminofilin, efektivitas, serangan asma, toksisitas Effectiveness and Toxicity Risk of Intravenous Aminophylline in Exacerbation Asthma TreatmentAbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in the respiratory tract that has a considerable global prevalence. The worsening of asthma is an asthma attack that causes asthma symptoms to increase and decreased lung function progressively. One of the most commonly used asthma medications in Indonesia is intravenous aminophylline. Aminophylline is a drug with a narrow range of therapies that is at risk of causing drug toxicity, but the comparative data on the efficacy and safety benefits of the drug are inadequate. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aminophylline intravenously in the early treatment of asthma attacks in the form of improvements in asthma symptoms and toxicity events related to the symptoms that appear and blood theophylline levels in a hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study used a pre-experimental method which was carried out from 2014 to 2016. A total of twenty seven patients were involved in the study. The therapy given was aminophylline intravenously for one hour. The sampling method used was consecutive sampling with descriptive analysis technique. All subjects showed improved symptoms of asthma attacks with intravenous aminophylline therapy for one hour, and none had toxicity due to theophylline levels in the blood below the therapeutic range. Aminophylline is still effective in reducing symptoms in asthma attacks and does not indicate the risk of toxicity.Keywords: Aminophylline, asthma attack, effectiveness, toxicity
Lactobacillus plantarum as Biopreservative Agent in Paneer for Dietary Food of Diabetic and Coronary Heart Disease Patients Singgih, Marlia; Ahsogan, Kanaka L.; Puspitasari, Irma M.; Damayanti, Sophi
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (547.595 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.1.38

Abstract

Paneer is a food product that is obtained by heating milk followed by acid coagulation. It is known asa diet food that is recommended for diabetic and coronary heart disease patients. A relatively shortershelf life of paneer is considered to be a major hurdle in its production. The present preliminary studywas conducted to determine antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against Eschericia coliand Bacillus cereus, to develop it as biopreservative agent in paneer before using it for dietary food ofdiabetic and coronary heart disease patients in next clinical study. The antibacterial activities were testedthrough Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)using microdilution well method. Biopreservative activity in paneer was tested using total plate countmethod based on time and temperature variations. Result showed that Lactobacillus plantarum inhibitedBacillus cereus and Eschericia coli with MIC of 3125 and 1562.5 μg/mL whereas MBC was in a value of>6250 and >3125 μg/mL, respectively. As a biopreservative agent, addition of Lactobacillus plantarumto paneer showed no bacterial growth until 7 days in room temperature and 9th day in cold temperature. Itis concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum could be used as a natural biopreservative agent for extendingthe shelf life of paneer. The paneer with addition of Lactobacillus plantarum as biopreservative will thenbe consumed by diabetic patient and coronary heart patients in next clinical study.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi tentang Penggunaan Obat di Puskesmas Kota Malang R. Pramestuti, Hananditia; Silviana, Nina
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 5, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (339.506 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2016.5.1.26

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan keadaan meningkatnya tekanan darah sistolik ≥140 mmHg dan atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg. Pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki oleh pasien hipertensi meliputi arti penyakit hipertensi, penyebab hipertensi, gejala yang sering menyertai dan pentingnya melakukan pengobatan yang teratur dan terus-menerus dalam jangka panjang serta mengetahui bahaya yang ditimbulkan jika tidak minum obat. Pengetahuan ini penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan terapi hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan pasien hipertensi tentang pengobatannya di Puskesmas Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasional prospektif. Pemilihan sampel pasien dan pemilihan Puskesmas menggunakan metode teknik pengambilan sampel secara nonrandom sampling (purposive sampling) dan harus memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang sudah dibuat oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pasien hipertensi yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebesar 69 responden (72,63%). Pasien yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik sebesar 26 responden (27,37%). Tidak ada responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan buruk. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pasien hipertensi di Kota Malang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang pengobatannya.Kata kunci: Hipertensi, tingkat pengetahuan pasienThe Knowledge Level of Hypertension Patients for Drug Therapy in the Primary Health Care of Malang Hypertension is a persistent blood pressure in which systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg. The knowledge that should be owned by patients with hypertension is the meaning, causes, symptoms and treatment of hypertension. This knowledge is important to support the success of hypertension therapy. The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge level of hypertension patients about their drug therapy in the primary health care of Malang. This research used observational study methods. The selection of the patients and the primary health care was done using non-random sampling technique (purposive sampling). The subject who meet the inclusion criteria were involved. The result of this study revealed that the patients with hypertension who have a sufficient level of knowledge were 69 respondents (72,63%). Patients who have a good criteria were 26 respondents (27,3763%). There is no patient with low level of knowledge in this research. The conclusion from this study is most patients with hypertension in Primary Health Care Malang have enough knowledge about their treatment.Key words: Hypertension, patient knowledge
Analisis Minimalisasi Biaya Antibiotik Pasien Sepsis Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Kota Bandung Purwanti, Okky S.; Sinuraya, Rano K.; Pradipta, Ivan S.; Abdulah, Rizky
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Terapi antibiotik empirik merupakan salah satu komponen penunjang keberhasilan terapi sepsis, khususnya sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan. Ketidaktepatan pemilihan terapi antibiotik empirik akan menimbulkan dampak buruk berupa munculnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik, perawatan pasien menjadi lebih lama, kematian, biaya pengobatan menjadi lebih mahal dan bagi rumah sakit akan menurunkan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit bersangkutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelompok kombinasi antibiotik empirik yang paling efisien secara biaya yang digunakan pada pasien sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan yang dirawat di salah satu rumah sakit di Kota Bandung periode tahun 2010–2012. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analisis dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien rawat inap sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan dan mendapat terapi antibiotik empirik seftazidim-levofloksasin atau sefotaksim-eritromisin. Komponen biaya yang dikumpulkan meliputi biaya antibiotik empirik, biaya tindakan, biaya penunjang, biaya rawat inap, dan biaya administrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total biaya perawatan kombinasi antibiotik seftazidim-levofloksasin sebesar Rp 12.751.082,49 dan kombinasi sefotaksim-eritromisin sebesar Rp 21.641.678,02. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi antibiotik seftazidim-levofloksasin lebih efisien dibanding kombinasi sefotaksim-eritromisin.Kata kunci: Antibiotik empirik, infeksi pernapasan, minimalisasi biaya, farmakoekonomi, sepsis Cost Minimization Analysis of Antibiotic Used by Sepsis Patients at a Hospital in Bandung Empirical therapy is one of the important supporting therapies for successful sepsis management including, sepsis with respiratory infection. Inappropiate empirical antibiotic therapy leads to resistance of antibiotics which results increases length of stay, mortality and subsequently higher the cost of healthcare and decreases the quality of hospital’s service. This study’s objective was to determine which the antibiotic combination group used for the treatment of sepsis with respiratory infection is the most efficient in cost minimization at a hospital in Bandung. Observational analitycal study is conducted by retrospective data. Data were collected from medical record of inpatients sepsis with respiratory infection who received empirical antibiotic therapy of ceftazidime-levofloxacin or cefotaxime-erythromycin. Direct medical cost were calculated from empirical antibiotic costs, costs of medical treatment, medical expenses, hospitalization costs, and administrative costs. The results showed that total cost of the combination of ceftazidime-levofloxacin is 12,751,082,49 IDR and cefotaxime-erythromycin is 21,641,678,02 IDR. It can be conclude that the combination of ceftazidime-levofloxacin is more efficientthan cefotaxime-erythromycin.Key words: Empirical antibiotics, respiratory infection, cost minimization, pharmacoeconomy, sepsis

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