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Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

jtbb
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25409573 EISSN : 25409581 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.

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Articles 208 Documents

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Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Paku Laut (Acrostichum aureum L.) Fertil dan Steril di Kawasan Mangrove Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta Naovi Nur Fadia Hanin; Rarastoeti Pratiwi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sea Fern (Acrostichum aureum L.), which typically grows in mangrove ecosystem, has two distinguished leaves which are fertile leaves (rich in spores) and sterile leaves (no spores). Those leaves are known rich in phenolic compounds. Flavonoids, moreover, which belong to class of phenolic compound, have antioxidant activity. This study aims were to analyze the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of fertile leaves, sterile leaves, and spores of sea fern which grow in mangrove ecosystem that is located in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Leaf and spore samples were extracted using ethanol solvent. Then, total content of phenol and flavonoid were measured by spectrophotometry, while the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. The results showed that the phenolic content of fertilized leaves and sterile leaves did not show a significant difference. In other hand, the spores sample showed highest both of flavonoids content (2.32 mg/mL) and the antioxidant activity with the IC50 value was 23.25 ppm. Thus, the ethanolic extracts of spores of sea fern sterile leaves showed the highest flavonoid content and could be categorized as a very strong antioxidant.

Spesies Tumbuhan Penyusun Vegetasi Lantai di Wilayah Restorasi Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi di Ngablak, Magelang, Jawa Tengah Purnomo Purnomo; Retno Peni Sancayaningsih; Dian Wulansari
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 2 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Vegetation restoration by Mount Merapi National Park (TNGM) in Ngablak, Magelang, Central Java need the floristic data composition of understory vegetation. The objectives of this research were to identify and to determine the importance values of each plants species that composed of that restoration area. Sample collections were conducted using survey method for their morphological characters as voucher specimens that were used for species identification. Vegetation analysis was conducted using the quadratic method; shrubs (5x5 m2), grasses and herbs (1x1 m2), and importance values were analysed using relative frequencies and densities. The result shows that understory vegetation on the restoration area in Ngablak was composed of 60 seed plant species from 18 plant families. There were 7 plant families that dominate the region; Papilionaceae (13 species), Asteraceae (11), Poaceae (Grasses) (10), Cyperaceae (Sedges) (5), Amaranthaceae (3), Mimosaceae (3) and Commelinaceae (3). Plants species that have important value more than 25% in this restoration area were Cymbopogon citratus (sereh), Mimosa pudica (Putri malu), Gomphrena serrata (Bunga kancing), Pannisetum purpureum (Rumput gajah), Ageratum conyzoides (Wedusan), dan Euphatorium inulifolium (kirinyuh). The external factors that influence the growth of the understory vegetation are pH of soil and soil moisture.

Keanekaragaman Serangga Sebagai Pakan Alami Katak Tegalan (Fejervarya limnocharis, Gravenhorst) pada Ekosistem Sawah di Desa Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul Farid Kuswantoro; R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Paddy field was a dynamic and biodiversity rich ecosystems. Insect diversity in paddy field ecosystem was infected by paddy plant growth stages. Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) ate insects as their natural prey. Insect population dynamics during vegetative, generative and reproductive stage of paddy plants infected F. limnocharis natural prey. This research aims were to study insect diversity and F. limnocharis insect prey diversity of vegetative, reproductive and generative paddy plant growth stages at Panggungharjo village, Sewon, Bantul. Insect sampling was conducted by direct survey method while F. limnocharis collection conducted by Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. Ninety eight insect species from 51 different families and nine orders of insect were found. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Stomachs analysis indicated F. limnocharis ate nine insect orders. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Isoptera. Most commonly insect prey in vegetative, reproductive and generative phase paddy growth stage were the members of the Order Coleoptera, Family Acrididae (Orthoptera) and Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) respectively. This study concluded F. limnocharis main natural prey was the easily found and easily perceived insects.

Identifikasi Bakteri Pada Serasah Daun Mangrove yang Terdekomposisi di Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove dan Bekantan (KKMB) Kota Tarakan Y. Yulma; Burhanuddin Ihsan; S. Sunarti; Eka Malasari; Neny Wahyuni; M. Mursyban
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Bacteria in mangrove ecosystem has a significant role in litter decomposition that is essential to provide organic nutrition for organisms in mangrove forest. The research was aimed to identify decomposition bacteria that exist in KKMB Tarakan mangrove conservation area. The identification focused on litters from several mangrove vegetation, which are Bruguiera parviflora, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, dan Avicennia alba. The method used was explorative descriptive while testing parameter was genus. The research identified seven bacteria genera for litter from Bruguiera parviflora which are Bacillus, Aeromonas, Nocardiae, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas. Six genera from Rhizophora apiculata which are Bacillus, Listeria, Enterobacteria, Aeromonas, Actinobacilus, and Bacteroides. Five genera for Sonneratia alba which are Bacillus, Aeromonas, Listeria, Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus. Also eight genera from Avicennia alba which are Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacteria, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas, Bordella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria. The results conclude that different species of mangrove vegetation attracts different species of bacteria as well.

Identifikasi Sifat dan Distribusi Sel Endokrin Ghrelin di Lambung Tikus (Rattus norvegicus): Studi Immunohis-Tokimia pada Kondisi Obesitas Teguh Budipitojo; Hevi Wihadmadyatami; Ganies Riza Aristya
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Obesity is one of major nutritional problems in the world. Obesity is very dangerous, especially when concentrated in the abdomen, because it is closely linked to various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, which can to causing death. This study aims to identify the nature and distribution of ghrelin on gastric endocrine cells in the obese rat (Rattus norvegicus) by using immunohistochemical techniques. The results will strengthen the understanding of the role and function of ghrelin as an alternative therapeutic target on obesity. The research used gastric tissues of ten obese and control rats which were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method of immunohistochemistry. The results showed the existence of two types of ghrelin-producing cells (open and closed types) on the gastric mucosa of control rats, and only one type of ghrelin producing cells (open type) in obese rats. The intensity of ghrelin immunoreactive positive cells was detected weak in obese rats, but very strong in control rats. Ghrelin endocrine cells mainly distributed in the basal part of the gastric mucosa of the fundus parts, with a very small number in obese rats, but highly abundant in control rats. This study confirmed the decrease of the ghrelin synthesis and secretion in obese rat (Rattus norvegicus) at the cellular level. The decrease of ghrelin synthesis is characterized by a reduction on the number of ghrelin producing cells, the disappearance of the close type of ghrelin producing cells, and the low activity of protein synthesis in the ghrelin producing cells. Ghrelin endocrine cells distributed mainly in the basal part of the gastric mucosa, especially in the fundus parts.

Peptone and tomato extract induced early stage of embryo development of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Orchid Nintya Setiari; Aziz Purwantoro; Sukarti Moeljopawiro; Endang Semiarti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 2 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Germination and growth of orchid seeds can be accelerated by the addition of organic supplement and plant extract in culture medium. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of peptone and tomato extract on early stage of embryo development of Dendrobium phalaenopsis orchids. Orchid seeds were sown on NP and VW medium with addition of 10% of CW (NPCW and VWCW). Five weeks after seed germination, about 58.03% seed germination was observed on VWCW medium, and only 37.45% seed germination on NPCW. Tomato extract and peptone were added in VWCW, resulting VWCWTP medium. After 4-8 weeks on VWCWTP, 94.42% seeds was germinated into plantlet, but only 67.30% germinated seeds on VWCW. To get optimal growth and development of D. phalaenopsis orchids embryos in the in vitro condition, supplement of 100 ml.L-1 coconut water, 100 mg.L-1 tomato extract and 2 mg.L-1 peptone into VW basic medium is required.

Keragaman Rubus di Gunung Kembang Kabupaten Wonosobo Jawa Tengah dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya Ratna Susandarini
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Rubus is a member of Rosaceae family where its natural habitat is in open areas of lowland and upland forests. Rubus has been reported found in Mount Kembang which is situated in Wonosobo, Central Java, but the number of species was unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the Rubus diversity in M. Kembang and its uses by local people. Sample collecting was carried out using explorative methods on the slopes of M. Kembang. Uses information was obtained by interviewing the local people. The data were analyzed descriptively to provide species description along with their uses and potential in biological research. The result showed that there were four species of Rubus in M. Kembang, R. rosifolius J.E.Smith, R. chrysophyllus Reinw. Ex Miq., R. fraxinifolius Poir., and R. moluccanus L. with altitudinal distribution ranging from 945 m to 1,387 m above sea level. Among these four species R. rosifolius is the well-known one, that people sell the fruits in its fruiting season in the local market. Based on the literature some Rubus species in other areas in Java have potential as fresh fruits, source for making fruit jam, traditional herbal drink to cure diarrhoea and dysentery, or as ornamental plants. A few studies showed that the fruit extract of R. rosifolius has potential for natural dye in cosmetic products.

Flower-Insect Visitor Interaction: Study Case on Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer in Bali Botanic Garden Farid Kuswantoro
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Rhododendron-insect relationship was quite well studied in the northern hemisphere. However, information on the flower-insect relationship of the Indonesian Rhododendron was limited. This study aims to find the interaction between Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer collected in Bali Botanic Garden and its flower-visiting insect. The study was conducted by observing insect visitation to the flower of R. inundatum for 1 hour a day and repeated for nine days. Data analysis was conducted by calculating the Visitation Rate (VR) of each visitor taxa to determine its frequency. Study result showed that R. inundatum in Bali Botanic Garden was visited mainly by Chrysopa sp., as well as members of the Vespidae, Curculionidae, Muscidae, Drosophilidae, and Tephritidae. The result of this study was dissimilar with the previous study of white-flowered Rhododendron, which was mainly visited by moths.

Micropropagation of Mini Orchid Hybrid Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien” Exsyupransia Mursyanti; Aziz Purwantoro; Sukarti Moeljopawiro; Endang Semiarti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 1, No 1 (2016): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien” is an orchid hybrid with mini size plant body, and exhibits numerous beautiful pink flowers, that is ideal as ornamental pot plant. Some plants of this orchid exhibit variegated leaves that improve the beauty of the plant, not only because of the flower but also as attracted leaves. This orchid has high economical value, but mass propagation of this orchid has not established yet. An effective method to propagate both the normal and variegated plants is worth to be generated. The objective of this research was to produce a large number of P. “Sogo Vivien” plants, including the variegated plants. The method used seeds from self pollinating variegated plant, and flower stalk nodes. The seeds were sown on three various medium: VW, NP and MS, and flower stalk nodes were planted on VW + BA 10 mg l-1 + active carbon. The results showed that the best medium for in vitro culture of P. “Sogo Vivien” was NP medium, in which all seeds could grew into plantlets. Most plantlets emerged from the seeds were non variegated, only one plantlet out of 1344 seeds was variegated (0.007%). Although all emerged plantlets from flower stalk exhibited variegated leaves. Particularly, the plantlets arised from the second and third basal nodes of flower stalk showed the highest growth rate than that from the other nodes. Histological analysis showed that at 11-13 days after shoot segment plantation on NP medium, the shape of apical cells in the nodes was changed, then followed by the change of cell shape in the basal part of the nodes, produced bipolar pattern, then gradually developed into shoot. These results suggest that mass propagation could be achieved using seed culture, but to get the variegated phenotypes, the second and third nodes of flower stalk from variegated plant were the best explants to be used.

Root Anatomy and Growth of Capsicum frutescens L. on Verticulture with Different Watering Supply Fitria Rahayu Ratmadanti; M.M. Maryani
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 2, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The rapid increase in human population reduces land productivity in urban areas. Verticulture is a way of planting in a vertical arrangement, such as for Capsicum frutescens L. This study aimed to examine the root anatomy and growth responses of C. frutescens L. Fourteen days old seedlings were grown in polybags on the ground and into vertical pots made of paralon pipe. Watering was given for every day, once in 3 days, and once in 6 days were apllied for 35 days, at elevation of 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm. The lower watering supply decreased the root diameter due to the thinner of cortical, xylem and stele tissues. Decreased in plant height, leaf number, length-width of leaves, and fresh and dry weight of root-shoots were also observed in low watering plants, but there were increases in roots length and leaves chlorophyll content. The xylem was less developed in plants at higher position compared to the lower positon and this was more detected in plants with less watering. Decreasing plant growth occurs in conditions of water shortage and the higher plant layout on paralon, while root vascullar tissue was less developed in less watering and higher position plants.

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