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Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25409573 EISSN : 25409581 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.

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Articles 240 Documents

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Diversity of Soil Macro Insect in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia Astri Dwi Wulandari; Tutik Indrawati; Fitrahyanti Fiqqi Maghfirah; Eka Kartika Arum Puspita Sari; Shifa Fauziyah; Rosmanida Rosmanida
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Indonesia is the second largest mega biodiversity of the world. One of the forest resources are soil insects. Soil insects improved the soil physical properties, added organic material content, and used as bio-indicator of environmental conditions of conservation areas, forests, or mountains. The aim of this research was to get information about the diversity, dominance, and similarity index of soil macro insect in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia in 2017. Locations were selected based on purposive random sampling considering 2 habitat types; coastal forest path and tropical rain forest path. The method of this research was used pitfall trap. Insects were identified at Laboratory of Ecology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya. The results showed that the diversity index of soil insects in the coastal forest path was 1.611 and in path of tropical rain forest was 0.855. It means that the diversity of soil macro insect in coastal forest path were medium and in path of tropical rain forest was low. The Dominancy index of coastal forest path was 0.334 and in path of tropical rain forest was 0.433. It means that the community was stable, there was no species domination. The similarity index of soil insects in both paths have a 58.8%, was a unity of the same community.

Polimorfisme V16A Gen MnSOD pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Retinopati Tasmini Tasmini; R. Haryo Yudono; Maliyah Madyan
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) include diabetic retinopathy (RD) both non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The development of RD depends on environmental and genetic factors. MnSOD gene (manganese-superoxid dismutase) is one of the candidate risk factors gene for RD. The presence of V16A MnSOD gene polymorphism results in decrease of mitochondrial MnSOD enzymes expression and triggers the oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia in DM increases oxidative stress in tissues, including the retina resulting in metabolic abnormalities in the retina, which play a role in the development of DM complications, namely diabetic retinopathy. In Indonesia, especially the Javanese tribes in Yogyakarta, there has never been any research on MnSOD gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetes patients with and without retinopathy. Subjects were Poly Endocrine patients and Eye Polyclinic patients of Dr. Sardjito’s General Hospital, 121 subjects consisting of 63 type 2 DM patients without retinopathy were group 1 (KI) and 58 type 2 DM patients with retinopathy were group 2 (KII) (20 NPDR subjects and 38 PDR subjects). V16A polymorphism of MnSOD gene from leukocytes DNA was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. From 121 DM subjects, 70 subjects with VV genotype were found, 50 subjects with VA genotype and 1 subject with AA genotype. From 63 non-RD DM subjects, 22 subjects with VA genotypes and 41 subjects with VV genotype were found, while in DM with retinopathy (non-PDR, n = 20) found 6 subjects with VA genotype and 14 subjects with VV genotype, and in DM with retinopathy (PDR, n = 38) found 1 subject with AA genotype, 22 subjects with VA genotype and 15 subjects with VV genotype. In DM with retinopathy (NPDR and PDR, n = 58), 1 subject was found with AA genotype, 27 subjects with VA genotype and 29 subjects with VV genotype.

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro Rendi Mahadi; Mustafid Rasyiid; Krisnanda Surya Dharma; Lindia Anggraini; Rahma Nurdiyanti; Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.33441

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

The Potential of Single Garlic Oil in Inhibiting The Growth and Damaging The Membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria Sri Rahayu Lestari; Agung Witjoro; Soeyati Poejiani
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria is hard to be treated since the infection transmission is fast and it is resistance to the antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in the bacteria can be treated with various natural ingredients from plants and one of the plants is single garlic. Single garlic contains organosulfur compounds in form of alliin, allicin, and ajoene. This research aimed to analyze the potential of single garlic oil (SGO) in inhibiting the growth and the damage of membrane of P. aeruginosa bacteria in in vitro with disc diffusion method by giving treatments of essential oil extract in concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, and 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the negative control and Ceftazidimeof 30 µg/ml as the positive control. The damage of the bacterial cell membrane was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with a magnification of 25000X. The result of the measurement of the zone of inhibition was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The research results indicate that SGO could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa bacteria with strong criteria, which was in a concentration of 100 mg/ml.

Pest Management in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Natural History Repository Arney Sapaat; Maryati Mohamed; Mohd. Noh Dalimin
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Under the Malaysian Universities Act 1971, Higher Learning Institutions are encouraged to set up museums that could support teaching and learning at the institution. With that provision, the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Natural History Repository was formed in 2014, to support the newly developed BSc Program called Biodiversity and Conservation. Under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Centre of Research - Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), develops and organizes the repository. Currently the repository is sited at a shoplot building in Parit Raja Campus that had been modified as part of campus expansion plan. The process of converting this shoplot building into functional gallery/storage space introduced a new challenge in pest management. The goals were to ensure whatever pests already present are eradicated, determine ways to seal out future pests, stabilize the condition to decrease pest infestation, and establish a monitoring program. Baseline pest data were collected via trapping throughout the repository spaces before, during, and after retrofit construction. Data from trapping were used to assess pest problems, and actions to eliminate these pests were initiated. A year-long survey of pests was performed after staff and collections occupied the building. The results showed variation in pest diversity and populations. Having succeeded in controlling insects pest problems at UTHM Natural History Repository would lead to better teaching/learning experience for graduates as well as promoting public awareness and education especially among young public on biodiversity.Under the Malaysian Universities Act 1971, Higher Learning Institutions are encouraged to set up museums that could support teaching and learning at the institution. With that provision, the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Natural History Repository was formed in 2014, to support the newly developed BSc Program called Biodiversity and Conservation. Under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Centre of Research - Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), develops and organizes the repository. Currently the repository is sited at a shoplot building in Parit Raja Campus that had been modified as part of campus expansion plan. The process of converting this shoplot building into functional gallery/storage space introduced a new challenge in pest management. The goals were to ensure whatever pests already present are eradicated, determine ways to seal out future pests, stabilize the condition to decrease pest infestation, and establish a monitoring program. Baseline pest data were collected via trapping throughout the repository spaces before, during, and after retrofit construction. Data from trapping were used to assess pest problems, and actions to eliminate these pests were initiated. A year-long survey of pests was performed after staff and collections occupied the building. The results showed variation in pest diversity and populations. Having succeeded in controlling insects pest problems at UTHM Natural History Repository would lead to better teaching/learning experience for graduates as well as promoting public awareness and education especially among young public on biodiversity.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum Against Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria Novi Permata Sari; Rafika Sari; Eka Kartika Untari
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Bacteriocin is a secondary metabolite product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have an antimicrobial and potentially as a natural preservative. LAB isolates used in this study were Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by each isolate of LAB including the influence of pH and heating variation against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibacterial activity test was done by using disc diffusion method. method. Confirmation test using proteolytic enzyme aimed to analyse that the inhibition zone produced from the activity of bacteriocin. The inhibition zone produced from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum against B. cereus were 15.70, 16.43 and 14.50 mm, against B. subtilis were 13.37, 14.10 and 12.53 mm and against S. epidermidis were 11.37, 14.50 and 12.45 mm. The activity of each bacteriocin decreased with the addition of trypsin and catalase, bacteriocin was active in the pH range of 2-10 and heating temperature of 40-121oC. Statistical test showed that the addition of trypsin, catalase and the variation of pH also heating had significant differences (p<0.05) to antibacterial activity produced by bacteriocin from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum.

Potential Development of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine Kds) Plant Scale Industry Using In-Vitro Culture Technique By Means of Rooting Induction Egi Nuryadin; Alyaa Nabiila
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 3, No 3 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine KDS) belongs to the Apiaceae family, is an endemic plant in mountainous areas such as the Dieng Plateau, Pangrango Mountain, and mountainous areas in East Java. Parts of the plants, especially roots are efficacious as aphrodisiacs, diuretic drugs and tonics. Based on CITES, this plant belongs to the category of endangered species, so its presence is very rare in nature. This scarcity occurs due to the purwoceng exploitation in nature as traditional herbal medicine without any cultivation or rejuvenation. In situ conservation efforts are almost impossible because the original habitat of this plant has become extinct. Thus, ex situ conservation is more suitable to be applied, by using in-vitro culture techniques. Therefore, a research study is needed on the development of tissue culture techniques in the production of the seeds. Methods of data collection in this study was conducted by literature studies. Therefore, ex-vitro root induction techniques are applied currently, namely rooting induction. The content of the chemical compounds and various properties make purwoceng as a commodity in the raw materials of drugs that have great potential to promote industrial players in the economic field. Based on the results from the literature, the authors can conclude that the potential of purwoceng plants is quite large, but still constrained by the scarcity of seed supply so the application of ex-vitro root induction techniques in in-vitro culture can be a solution in limitation of supply of purwoceng crops for industrial scale. Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine KDS) belongs to the Apiaceae family, is an endemic plant in mountainous areas such as the Dieng Plateau, Pangrango Mountain, and mountainous areas in East Java. Parts of the plants, especially roots are efficacious as aphrodisiacs, diuretic drugs and tonics. Based on CITES, this plant belongs to the category of endangered species, so its presence is very rare in nature. This scarcity occurs due to the purwoceng exploitation in nature as traditional herbal medicine without any cultivation or rejuvenation. In situ conservation efforts are almost impossible because the original habitat of this plant has become extinct. Thus, ex situ conservation is more suitable to be applied, by using in-vitro culture techniques. Therefore, a research study is needed on the development of tissue culture techniques in the production of the seeds. Methods of data collection in this study was conducted by literature studies. Therefore, ex-vitro root induction techniques are applied currently, namely rooting induction. The content of the chemical compounds and various properties make purwoceng as a commodity in the raw materials of drugs that have great potential to promote industrial players in the economic field. Based on the results from the literature, the authors can conclude that the potential of purwoceng plants is quite large, but still constrained by the scarcity of seed supply so the application of ex-vitro root induction techniques in in-vitro culture can be a solution in limitation of supply of purwoceng crops for industrial scale.

The Role of Sechium edule Fruits Ethanolic Extract in Insulin Production and Malondialdehyde Level in Stz-Induced Diabetic Rat Betty Lukiati; Nugrahaningsih Nugrahaningsih; Siti Nur Arifah
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of Sechium edule ethanolic extract in insulin and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetic rat were obtained by intraperitonially injected with multiple low dose STZ (MLD-STZ) 20 mg/kgBW for 5 days. The animals were divided into 5 groups: untreated rats in group (K) were considered as negative control, MLD-STZ induced type 1 diabetic rats in group (S) were considered as positive control. In another 3 group (A, B, C) type 1 diabetic rats were orally treated with three doses of S. edule ethanolic extract (14, 28, 42 mg/kg BW) for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed in two days after last treatment, serum were collected for measuring of the insulin concentration by ELISA method. Level of MDA on kidney, liver and pancreas were measured by TBA method. The treatment with S. edule ethanolic extracts unable to increase of insulin yet but the treatment with 42 mg/kg BW of S. edule ethanolic extract showed significantly decreased MDA levels on liver but not significant on kidney and pancreas.

Species Diversity and Potential Use of Asteraceae in Tawangmangu, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Mutiara Fauziana; Ratna Susandarini
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Asteraceae is a group of plants with high species diversity, with about 25.000 species become members of this family worldwide. This family has many potential uses such as medicinal plants, ornamental plants and weeds. Tawangmangu is an area with unspoiled environmental conditions, where Asteraceae plants are found either wildly or deliberately cultivated in this area. This study aims to determine species diversity of Asteraceae and their potential use. This study was conducted in 5 villages namely Plumbon, Nglebak, Karanglo, Tawangmangu and Kalisoro. The samples were collected with random sampling method, while information on potential use of Asteraceae was gathered from literature studies and interviews with local people. Results of this study are expected to be basic data of species diversity as well as to provide reference of their potential use. A total of 32 species were found on various habitat, include roadside, home yard, riparian of river, in irrigation canal, and on agricultural landscape. The specimens found were all have potential as medicinal plants, with some wild plants were commonly known as weeds, many others were having potential as ornamental plants.

Considering Sampling Methods for Macrofungi Exploration in Turgo Tropical Forest Ecosystem Dwiki Prasetiya Prayudi; Junita Kurniawati; Yuni Prastiwi Mutiarani; Ishadiyanto Salim; Tien Aminatun
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 1 (2019): April
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Diversity of macrofungi is widely studied because of its role as decomposer, and highly reported of its potentially using for foods, agricultures, medicinal purposes, and bioremediation. This study was carried out to consider sampling methods for macrofungi exploration especially in Turgo tropical forest ecosystem. There were two sampling method models which adequately bring our macrofungi collection to have valid data. The first is adaptive sampling which includes fixed-size plots where prior we decided how many tracks, plots, or what size to examine at each site to help keeping our focus on track. By having a fixed plot, we allowed ourselves to find our macrofungi and work on the identification process thoroughly without racing against the time as much. Then we can obtain frequency, distribution, density and others ecological quantitative data by sampling plots. Another way, we can choose opportunistic sampling, we mean carefully walking on through chosen site as study area and collecting conspicuous sporocarp of macrofungi. This method needs no plots and does not produce any quantitative data but looking for many more diversity on macrofungi. The way of sampling, depends on the duration of observation and the purposes of the research. According to the consideration result, we concluded to choose the adaptive sampling method to explore the macrofungi in Turgo tropical forest ecosystem.

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