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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Scientific Aspects of Water Extract Katola (Arcangelisia flava L. Merr) as Antidiarrhea Agent in Mina South Sulawesi Muhammad Akhram Larisu; Sudarsono .; Susi Iravati; Arief Nurrochmad
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 4, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Water extract of katola (Arcangelisia flava L. Merr) stem is traditionally used in communities Muna Distric for the treatment of many diseases, including anti diarrhea. According to the information of Muna Distric Health Office, diarrhea is one of the 10 groups diseases in this district. The objective of this study was conducted to determine the potential antimicrobial, acute toxicity and identified of the water extract of bioactive compounds and alkaloid relative concentration content. Infection of microbial was induced by oral administration of Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 1 x 108 CFU/mL. Boiling water of katola dose 12 mg/kg, 24 mg/kg and 48 mg/kg body weight and the antibiotic ampicillin 24 mg/kg administered 2 times daily for 5 days. The number of S. flexneri in feces were determined every day. The toxicity of water extract of katola stem is determined based on the value of LD50 acute oral toxicity testing followed by guidelines OECD 423. The bioactive compounds was determined by bioautografi method and the concentration alkaloid relative content was calculated as berberine hydrochloride. The results showed that boling water extract of katola stem did not cause toxic symtoms, with LD50 > 31.5 g/kg body weight (unclassified) or 104 times the dose therapy of human. In vitro, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)value of the boiling water were 1.2 and 2.4%, respectively. In vivo, the boiling water dose 48 mg/kg body weight given twice a day have an effect on eradication the S. flexneri 100% by day 5. Bioactive compounds of antimicrobial in the water extract is alkaloid berberine HCl. A cocentration of berberine hydrochloride in water exract stem and leaves dosage use of the public were 16.7% and 0.75% respectively.Key words: Katola, toxicity, anti diarrhea, antimicroba, Arcangelisia flava L. Merr

Liquisolid ibuprofen tablets Lannie Hadisoewignyo; Evania hadi; Nehru Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 3, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Ibuprofen is an antiinflamatory drugs with poor solubility in water but good permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Liquisolid tablet is the one method of increasing solubility and dissolution rate of ibuprofen. The aims of this study was to determine the effect of glycerine and propylene glicol as non volatile solvent and PVP K-30 as hydrophilic polymer on the dissolution rate of liquisolid ibuprofen tablets. In this research, there are 7 formulas of liquisolid ibuprofen tablets were made. The ratio of ibuprofenin glycerine is 1 : 3 and of propilene glicol is 5:1 with various concentration of PVP K-30 (5, 10, and 15%). Formula I was made as a control so there was no addition of non volatile solvent and hydrophilic polymer. Based on the results, liquisolid ibuprofen tablets using glycerine or propylene glycol as a non volatile solvent and PVP K-30 as a hydrophilic polymer can increase the dissolution rate constant of liquisolidibuprofen tablets comparedthat of ibuprofen conventional tablets (non liquisolid). The addition of PVP K-30 as a hydrophilic polymer can increase the dissolution rate constants liquisolid ibuprofen tablets until a concentration of more than 10% because the polymer will swell and form a viscous layer that inhibits the disintegration so that the percent release decrease.Key words:Ibuprofen, liquisolid, non volatile solvent, hydrophilic polymer.

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS Tushar Gohil
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Aqueous solubility is a limiting factor in the oral bioavailability of a certain class of poorly water soluble drugs. A consequence of low aqueous solubility is a slow dissolution rate. For the drugs with low aqueous solubility and high permeability the dissolution rate will be the rate limiting step for absorption. The most successful techniques that are employed for dissolution enhancement are micronization, formulation of amorphous systems and cyclodextrins containing dosage forms. This combined approaches to improve the dissolution of some poorly soluble drugs. Micronization increases the dissolution rate of drugs through increased surface area. The high surface area of drug micro/nano particles renders them thermodynamically unstable, promoting agglomeration and crystal growth. Microparticles of the poorly water soluble drugs were produced by the supercritical antisolvent method and simultaneously mixed with pharmaceutical excipients in a single step to prevent the drug agglomeration of drug particles. In the third approach cyclodextrins (CDs) were used as pharmaceutical solubilizers and inclusion complexes of drugs with β-CD.Key words: micronization, supercritical antisolvent, cyclodextrins

A Preformulation of a Water Soluble Furosemide Dosage Form Syukri, Yandi; Yuwono, Tedjo; Hakim, Lukman
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 13 No 1, 2002
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Solid dispersion system of water-insoluble furosemide in polyvinylpirolidon (PVP) was prepared by a solvent method in various ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5, 1 : 7 and 1 : 9 of the drug and PVP, respectively in order to improve furosemide solubility and dissolution. The improvement of furosemide solubility was studied by a solubility method in a shaking waterbath. The solubility test showed that various concentrations of PVP and temperature gave statistically significant increased of furosemida solubility (P < 0,05). The dissolution study of furosemide solid dispersion system was done using a dissolution tester at the rotation rate of 50 rpm. Furosemide concentration released was determined spectrophotometrically using a UV spectrofometer. This test showed a significant increased of furosemida solubility (P < 0,05), but with a prolonged of releasing time.Key Word : solid dispersion, solubility, dissolution, bioavailability.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) LEAVES Yuliasri Jamal; Andria Agusta
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 12 No 3, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is known to have medicinal benefit to cure various deseases. This experiment was conducted to analyse the chemical components of the essential oil of S. terebinthifolius Raddi, because the medicinal effects is strongly related to the chemical components. Chemical components analyses of the essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. was conducted using the combination method of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Chromatograms represented 47 components in the essential oil of S. terebinthifolium leaves with 17 major components (> 1% content). They were 3-carene, -pinene, -pinene, -phellandrene (type 1), -phellandrene (type 2), D-limonene, sabinene, p-simene, -simene, -elemene, isocaryophillene, -cubebene, 4aR-(4a,7,8a)-decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methyilene-7-(1-methylethenyl) naphtalena (type 1), 4aR-(4a,7,8a)-decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethenyl) naphtalena (type 2), (1,4a,8a)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a)-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphtalene, -cadinene and 1ar-(1a,4a,7,7a, 7b) -decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-sicloprope azulen-7-ol. The major components were dominated mostly by monoterpene (68.63%).Key words: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, essential oil, chemical components

Spectral analysis of aegelin isolated from maja leaves (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Sugeng Riyanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 19 No 2, 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Aegelin is an alkaloid which isolated from Maja (Aegle marmelos Corr.) leaves. The molecular structure of the compound contains a chiral carbon atom. In our earlier publications the existence and influence of a chiral carbon atom have not been discussed yet. The existing of the chiral carbon atom gave rise two pair of doublets at d 3.67 J=3.4 Hz and d 3.43 J=8.5 Hz in the proton nmr spectrum. The doublets are signal of two proton which attached on adjacent atom of the chiral carbon atom which is confirmed bythe two dimension nmr spectrum (HMQC). The two protons are magnetic unequivalent which cause their chemical shifts are different. The protons appear as two doublet with different J value because its couple to a proton attached at the chiral carbon atom and the spin-spin splitting is observed. The existence of the two pairs of the doublets at d 3.67 d,J=3.4 Hz and d 3.42 d,J=8.5 Hz because the isolated aegelin from E.marmelos leaves contains of its enantimeer.Key words: E. marmelos, aegelin, enantiomeer, spectroscopy

ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IN SOME MEAT PRODUCTS Lukitaningsih, Endang; Sudarmanto, Bambang Sulistyo Ari; Noegrohati, Sri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 12 No 3, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds, composed two or more fused aromatic (benzene) rings, occurred in the environment due to incomplete combustion of organic matters such as forest fires, volcanic eruption, burning of fossil fuels and incorrect process of meat cooking (grilling, smoking, roasting). Healt concerns are focussed on the metabolite transformation of PAHs, which may have mutagenic, carcinogenic and terratogenic activity. Due to their hydophobicity, it is probable the compounds enter human food chain and accumulated in human lipid tissues. Therefore, environment pollution by PAHs must be considered. PAHs gain entry to human body through several routes including respiration, absorpsion through skin surface ang through food consumption that have been polluted with PAHs. In this study concentrations of PAHs (pyrene, perilene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluorantrene and benzo(a)pyrene) in traditional smoked meat, liquid smoked meat and roasted meat are determined. Determination of PAHs used gas chromatograph with OV 17 2% as a stationary phase, nitrogen as carrier gas and flame ionization detector. The results showed that PAHs concentrations in traditional smoked meat were higher than liquid smoked meat (41.19 ppb and 1.03 – 9.26 ppb). In the roasted meat, lipid concentration and roasting time influence PAHs concentration level.Keywords : polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, smoked meat, liquid smoke

Co-chemotherapy of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) leaves ethanolic extract and Doxorubicin on breast cancer cell Edy Meiyanto; Riris Istighfari Jenie
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 18 No 2, 2007
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Chemotherapy combination attracted high attention in recent years to cure cancer. This method combines between non-toxic or less toxic phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic agents to sensitize cancer cell, to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents as well as to reduce its toxicity to normal tissues. The aim of the present research was to examine whether ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves (SNE) or Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. synergizes the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin (Dox) on breast cancer cell line T47D.MTT assay was used to measure the effect of growth inhibitory of the combination therapy on T47D cells. SNE (25-500 μg/mL) treatment of cell resulted in 12-97.% growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner (IC50 90 μg/mL), while Dox (1.8-90 nM) treatment showed inhibitory effect of 16-83.% (IC50 50 nM). The combinations of SNE with Dox (1.8-18 nM) showed synergistic effect (CI<1). These results demonstrate a strong possibility of synergistic efficacy of SNE and Dox combination for breast cancer treatment.Key words: Sambung Nyawa leaves ethanolic extract, doxorubicin, cochemotherapy, T47D human mammary cancer cell.

Antihyperurisemia activity of water extract of black seed (Coleus ambonicusLour) in balb-c mice and its standardization Andi Suhendi; Nurcahyanti .; Muhtadi .; EM Sutrisna
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 2, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Effect of water extract of black seed on uric acid metabolism in hyperuricemia mice models were studied. The influence of water extract of black seed on uric acid biosynthesis was xamined using mice treated by 250 mg/ body weight potassium oxonate intra peritoneal. The result showed that water extract of black seed (200 mg/kg body weight, per oral) have a significant effect in reduction in plasma uric acid levels in comparison to negative control, but less active than positive control (allopurinol). The levels of uric acid in mice plasma for negative control, black seed extract and positive control were 3.100 ± 0.346 mg/dL, 0.200 ± 0.100 mg/dL dan 1.200 ± 0.561 mg/dL, respectively. The standardization performed by determined specific and non specific parameters based on National Bureau of Food and Drug, Republic of Indonesia. Specific parameters of water extract of black seed are phenolic content, and flavonoid content are 0.664 ± 0.035 % and 0.400 ± 0.018 %, respectively. Non specific parameters of water extract of black seed are loss of weight, water content, ash content, ash insoluble acid content, heavy metals contamination (Pb and Cd), and aflatoxin residue are 14.93-14.99%, 6.09-7.89%, 7.12-7.49%, 5.20-6.66%, 6.405 +0.211 ppm, 0.0096 +0, not detected, respectively.Key words: antihyperuricemia effect, water extract of black seed, standardization

The effect of betle (Piper betle L.) leaf juice pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol on male white rat Agung Endro Nugroho; Arief Rahman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 4, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Drug interaction phenomenon, between drugs on drug and ford (fruit, vegetables on others), can happen in drug therapy of a disease due to the existence of compounds other than the drug (fruits, vegetables or drink). This interaction can alter and affect the action and effect of the drug. The aim of the research is to study an interaction between betle leaf (a vegetable ) and propranolol, which is a beta-blocker with a high hepatic extraction ratio, in male white rat. The study was conducted by employing a completely randomized design in male wistar inbreed rat (aged 2-2.5 months, 150-250 g). The animals in group I were given propranolol with an oral single dose of 7.5 mg/kg BW (control group) and in group II were given pretreatment with betle leaf juice dose of 17 mL/kg BW at an hour prior propranolol administration. After collected at some certain times, the drug concentration on bloods were analyzed with a Spectropflurometer.The results shown that pretreatment of betle leaf juice did not affect the absorption rate constant (Ka) significantly (P>0.05), and increase the total clearence (ClT) and volume of distribution in steady state (Vdss) significantly (P<0.05). The increasing of both ClT and Vdss caused alteration of the secondary pharmacokinetics parameters of propranolol and these derivates significantly(P<0.05) except the mean residence time value (MRT). This it is concluded that the pretreatment of betle leaf juice with the dose of 17 mL/kg BW affect the pharmacokinetics of propranolol or decrease the propranolol concentration in blood.Key words : propranolol, betle leaf, pharmacokinetics and drug interaction

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