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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 871 Documents
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Nutritional Content and Characteristics of Antimicrobial Compounds from Fermented Oil Palm Fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Febriana, Dewi; Zam, Syukria Ikhsan; Febriyanti, Rahmi; Zumarni, Zumarni; Juliantoni, Jepri; Fatah, Abdul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.04

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine physical quality, the nutritional quality and characteristics of antimicrobial compounds from fermented oil palm fronds (FOPF). This research was carried out using a Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The following treatments were performed by the addition of different additives namely: 10% poultry manure, 10% cow feces, 5% urea and 5% molasses. All treatments were extracted in stages using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The observed parameters were physical quality (pH, aroma, color, and texture), nutritional quality (neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin), yield of extract, class of bioactive compounds and the antimicrobial activity test of extracted compounds. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and differences between treatments were tested using Duncan's multiple range test. The addition of different additives has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on the lignin content; significant effect (P < 0.05) on pH, aroma, color and texture; and no effect on the content of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose. The highest yield of extract was obtained from methanol extract with the addition of poultry manure. The methanol extract on the addition of poultry manure and urea were identified as compounds in the steroid, tannin and phenolic classes. The highest antimicrobial activity test against Escherichia coli (12.83 mm) was obtained from FOPF extract (1%) with addition of poultry manure, while highest antimicrobial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus (11.67 mm) was obtained from FOPF extract (4%) with addition of molasses. The conclusion of this research was FOPF with addition of poultry manure provides good physical quality, nutritional quality and can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at a concentration of 1%.
Promegranate Peel as Prophylactic Agent of Rheumatoid Arthritis : Study on MMP-9, IL-6, TNF- α, and Arthritic Score of Rheumatoid-arthritic Rats Wahyuningsih, Doti; Amilia, Annisa; Amiruddin, Meilano Setiawan; Cahyaningrum, Asri; Kurniasari, Laili Cinthianur
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (169.218 KB) | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.08

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint disease, chronically cause permanent joint impairment leading to inability of daily life activities. Early diagnosis and preven-tive managements of RA are recommended to overcome the disease. The current drugs provide benefits for RA patients, unfortunately could not be used for long period and as prevention agents, due to the adverse effects.  Even though clinical and laboratory studies of pomegranate for osteoarthritis and RA had been done, the effects of the pomegranate peel on MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-6 of RA are still unrevealed. TNF-α promotes inflammation process in RA and collaborates with osteoclasts to trigger osteoporosis. IL-6 shows negative effect on osteoblasts dif-ferentiation and MMP-9 stimulates cartilage degradation and inflammation mediat-ed by synovial fibroblast. This study measured TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, and arthri-tis score (AS) of RA rats treated with ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (EPP) to evaluate its potency as a RA prevention agent. Male Lewis rats (three groups, five each), 200 g, received 80 mg, 160 mg, and 320 mg of EPP/rat respectively, in alternate day, within 60 days. On the 30th day, the rats were subcutaneously in-jected with 0,1 ml mycobacterium-complete Freund’s adjuvant (1 mg/mL) on plan-tar of the right hind paws to induce RA. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA.  Immunohistochemistry processed-synovial MMP-9 slices of ankle joints were evaluated by light microscope (400× magnification).  Arthritis score of Smit was used to determined AS. Data were analyzed by Kruskall Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and Pearson correlation test. p < 0.05 was significant. The EPP of 320 mg corrected serum TNF-α and IL-6, and synovial MMP-9 of RA rats (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in arthritic score following the EPP treatment (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate the EPP may potential to be devel-oped as preventive agent of rheumatoid arthritis.
Identification of Potential Pathogen Bacteria Causing Tuber Rot in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Aini, Afifah Nur; Azrianingsih, Rodiyati; Mustafa, Irfan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (357.245 KB) | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.02.02

Abstract

Tuber rot has been reported as one of the limiting factors to porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) tuber production. Bacterial infection is one of the main causes of tuber rot during storage. In this study, a total of seven bacterial isolates obtained from porang tubers were tested for their potency to cause rotting on porang tubers. Porang tubers were immersed in bacterial suspension and incubated for 14 days. The physical properties of the tubers such as texture and color, and the chemical properties such as reducing sugar and ethanol content were determined at the end of incubation period. All infected tubers were soft, slimy and darker. Two isolates, T4 and T9A, had the highest potency to cause tuber rot indicated by the significantly higher reducing sugar content (14.38 and 15.32 mg/ml) and higher ethanol content (32.17 and 35.05%) compared to control tubers which were not infected with bacteria. Both isolates were identified as Bacillus altitudinis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis.
Length Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor Study in Sahyadria chalakkudiensis Inhabiting Western Ghat River Systems of South India Pulapparambil, Anju; Nirichan, Mini Sekharan; Mahadevan, Harikrishnan; Karuppaswamy, Sariga Palacode
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/10.01.09

Abstract

A trend on unethical and unsustainable use of resources to meet the high demand in the trade of indigenous ornamental fishes is widespread. This increased exploitation calls for regulation. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), an apex body having a central role in regulating the trade of any living organisms including indigenous ornamental fishes and preventing the species from being left as extinct. To enlist a species in trade by CITES, formulation of baseline data on its biology, population size, length-weight relations, condition factor, and habitat ecology are necessary. This paper looks into one such consideration on Sahyadria chalakkudiensis inhabiting Western Ghat rivers of Kerala. The length-weight relationships in respect of males and females inhabiting Chalakudy river are expressed as LogW = -3.800 + 2.43 LogL and LogW = -4.333 + 2.69 LogL while the same in males and females inhabiting Pooyamkutty river are LogW = -4.545 + 2.76 LogL and LogW = -5.290 + 3.12 LogL respectively .There is a regular seasonal cycle in relative condition factor with a peak in August (Kn=1.33; Chalakudy population) and September (Kn = 1.15; Pooyamkutty population).The results indicated that management of stock of S. chalakkudiensis is very essential to ensure sustainability of its trade.
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON Maharajan, Kunguma Kannika; Karthikeyan, Panneerselvam; Marigoudar, Shambanagouda Rudragouda; Sharma, Krishna Venkatarama; Revathi, Kasthuri
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.10

Abstract

The present study investigated the optimum levels of ambient temperature, salinity and light intensity for the growth of marine diatoms and microalgae. The marine diatoms Thalassiosira subtilis, Entomoneis paludosa and microalgae Isochrysis galbana were optimized for the growth. Subcultures were prepared in filtered natural seawater enriched with f/2 media for diatoms and Conway media for I.galbana. Cultures were grown under three different levels of three parameters consists of 27 combinations in 96 well plates. Ten replicates of cultures were maintained for each combination of ambient levels. The algal density was determined by spectrometric absorbance of culture at 680 nm. Likewise, the growth was estimated from the rate of increase in the absorbance values over a period of time. The durations of growth differed between the species. The I.galbana was grown for prolonged culture duration up to 15 days followed by E.paludosa with 12 days and T.subtilis with 8 days. Levels of ambient temperature and light intensity are the driving parameters for optimum growth of the species studied while the optimum salinity of 30 psu was observed for all species.Ambient levels of 28 °C, 30 psu and 2500 lux were found optimum for the growth of T. subtilis and E.paludosa attained its optimum growth at 24 °C, 30 psu and 2500 lux. The higher light intensity (4500 lux) hasenhanced the growth of I.galbanaalong with 24 °C of temperature and 30 psu of salinity.
Evaluation of the Quality of Coastal Ecosystems in the Spermonde Archipelago Using Macroalgae as Indicators Hamzah, Rispah; Hakim, Luchman; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (442.445 KB) | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.02.04

Abstract

The quality of water in Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi has decreased as a result of high human activities and land use, this can have an impact on the life of marine biota. Macroalgae is suitable for bioindicators because they live in a sessile manner, can accumulate metals and distributed widely. This research aimed to determine coastal ecosystem quality by using macroalgae as indicators on five islands that had different anthropogenic stresses. The research was carried out in April 2019 on Barrang Caddi, Bonebatang, Barrang Lompo, Kodingareng Keke, and Badi Islands. Community structures observed included taxa richness, diversity, evenness, dominance of macroalgae and physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, DO, BOD, H2S, oil, grease, total Phosphate, and nitrate) as well as the measurement of the ecological condition using Quality of Rocky Bottoms (CFR) index. The results showed that physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, DO, H2S, oil, grease, total Phosphate) of the water still met the quality standards of sea water based on Decree of the State Minister for Environment No. 51/2004 for marine biota and other standards for macroalgae growth. BOD and nitrate have exceeded sea water quality standards for marine biota (20 mg/L for BOD and 0.008 mg/L for nitrates). A total of nine species of macroalgae were found in Barrang Caddi and Badi Island, three species in Bonebatang, and five species in Kodingareng Keke and Barrang Lompo Island. The result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Biplot showed that physicochemical water quality has an influence on the macroalgae community structure. While the CFR index shows Barrang Caddi and Badi Island have poor ecological conditions and Bonebatang, Barrang Lompo, and Kodingareng Keke have bad ecological condition.
Potentials of Hydrocarbon Utilization by Wood-Digesting Bacteria isolated from the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Buraimoh, Olanike Maria; Ogunyemi, Adewale Kayode; Oyegbite, Isaac Edward; Amund, Olukayode Oladipo; Ilori, Matthew Olusoji
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.01

Abstract

Introduction: There is a continuous search for environmental–friendly methods to address oil-polluted environments, hence this study aimed to establish the potential of using tropical estuarine bacterial strains for degradation of crude oil in polluted environment. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons has been considered a promising, natural, less toxic and cost-effective technology. Lignocellulose-utilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus megaterium strain NOB, Streptomyces pseudogriseolus strain EOB and Paenibacillus sp. strains ROB) were isolated from decomposing wood residues in a tropical lagoon. They were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, observation under scanning electron microscope and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methods; Microbial growth assessment coupled with biosurfactant production were performed in triplicates under aerobic batch conditions in Erlenmeyer flasks containing mineral salts medium fortified with trace elements and crude oil as the sole carbon source.  Results: The generation times of strains NOB, EOB and ROB were 28.3, 44.9 and 46.8 h; with specific growth rates of 14.2, 8.9 and 8.6 h-1,respectively on crude oil. Gas chromatographic analysis of residual hydrocarbons from the growth cultures of isolates revealed that the three strains had degraded the oil by 89.34, 86.33 and 79.37%, respectively at the end of 21 day. The cell hydrophobicity of the bacterial strains also reached 83.6, 79.4 and 69.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that wood-digesting bacterial strains from a tropical lagoon possess hydrocarbon utilization capabilities. They could therefore have potentials for deployment in the bioremediation of petrochemical spills in polluted environments.
The Potency of Trichoderma sp. as A Biocontrol Agent against Fusarium sp. Pathogen of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Tuber Fajarini, Nindi Nazula; Azrianingsih, Rodiyati; Suharjono, Suharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (325.717 KB)

Abstract

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) has high economic value in Asia. Porang tuber is high in glucomannan and thus becomes one of the exportable food commodities. Porang plants are susceptible to wilt disease caused by Fusarium sp. Trichoderma sp. has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium sp. This research aimed to study the potency of Trichoderma sp. in controlling the growth of Fusarium sp. Trichoderma sp. was isolated from the rhizosphere soil in A. muelleri plantation, while Fusarium sp. was isolated from A. muelleri tuber infected by Fusarium. The fungi isolates were identified phylogenetically based on the similarity of Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequence. Both fungi were antagonistically assessed based on the dual culture method. The antagonistic assay showed that the two isolates of Trichoderma had the potency to inhibit the growth of the two isolates of Fusarium. Trichoderma sp. 2 has higher antagonistic potency than Trichoderma sp. 1. Based on ITS sequence similarity, Trichoderma sp. 1 and Trichoderma sp. 2 were identified as Trichoderma longipale and Trichoderma spirale respectively, while both pathogenic Fusarium were identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Trichoderma spirale therefore could be developed as a biopesticide agent in controlling Fusarium oxysporum.
Assessment of Biological Spectrum and Phenological Behaviours of Coastal Vegetation in East Midnapore District, Eastern India Sen, Uday Kumar; Bhakat, Ram Kumar
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.02.05

Abstract

The open coastlines of the world are dominated by sand dunes and salt marshes. They are the primary areas for human recreation and provide a wide range of frequently overlooked ecosystem services. Their intrinsic ecological significance lies in having unique biological assemblies and supporting a range of ecological processes, such as water filtration and nutrient cycling. In addition, in the coastal zone, these areas link marine and terrestrial systems. The objective of this paper is to check the psammophytic species diversity, conservation status and threat; and also prepare a biological spectrum m in the Costal East Midnapore (CEM) district's sand dune and salt marsh areas. A part of floristic inventories in the CEM, various field trips in different season were carried out, quadrate method is done to examine the ecological impact and richness. Specimens were collected, prepared voucher specimen and enlisted according APG IV classification system to prepare biological spectrum. CEM vegetation was diverse and composed of 162 species of 132 genera distributed among 52 families of 28 orders according to APG IV classification, of which 37 species were exotics. Fabales (19.14%) and Fabaceae (19.14%) were the dominant order and family. Biological spectrum shows the study area was classified as “thero-chamaephytic” type of phytoclimate. Mesophyll (24.07%) and lanceolate as well as oblong (19.14%) were found to be high in the leaf size spectrum and lamina. The area of study was highly ecotonal potential and fairly undisturbed. This study is useful in comparing and contrasting the adjacent natural vegetation along the gradients of the environment; and recommends effective long-term conservation and better management of the coastal area.
A Comparative Genomics Pipeline for In Silico Characterization and Functional Annotation of Short Hypothetical Proteins Guha, Soumyajit; Das, Shuvam; Ganguli, Sayak
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.02.06

Abstract

Hypothetical proteins are the proteins whose existence has been anticipated, but for which there are certain scarcities of experimental evidences about its structure, function or linkage to any known genes. Sequencing of several genomes has resulted in numerous predicted open reading frames to which structure or function(s) cannot be readily assigned and sometimes they can make up a significant portion of a genome. In this study, we designed a pipeline for the study and efficient functional annotation of short hypothetical proteins (only which were &lt; 400 amino acids) comparing two case studies, using amino acid sequence informations retrieved from two different protein databases. The investigation and in-silico analysis of likely functional aspects of hypothetical proteins were performed employing various computational methods and tools based on sequence similarity, identification of targeting signals, presence of known protein domains, physicochemical characterization, etc. Our annotation pipeline was able to annotate 90 hypothetical proteins out of 100 compared to evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) databases' annotation of 82 proteins, which is about 8% more compared to eggNOG for case study 1 and 78 hypothetical proteins out of 96 compared to eggNOG’s annotation of 58 proteins, which is about 20.83% more compared to eggNOG for case study 2. It was also seen that some hypothetical proteins had a high aliphatic index, indicating higher thermostability in extreme environments. From this study subcellular localization involving cytoplasmic proteins and membrane proteins were also predicted with higher accuracies than other proteins. Hypothetical proteins can provide an insight of different unknown structures and functions of proteins and can be an important area for further research.

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