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Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : 0216616X     EISSN : 27760219     DOI : -
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Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia merupakan jurnal resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Sekolah Farmasi Institut Teknologi Bandung. Jurnal ini mencakup seluruh aspek ilmu farmasi sebagai berikut (namun tidak terbatas pada): farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi farmasi, bioteknologi farmasi, serta farmakologi dan farmasi klinik. Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia is the official journal published by School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung. The journal covers all aspects of pharmaceutical issues which includes these following topics (but not limited to): pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, biological pharmacy, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 222 Documents
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Front Matter Vol 37 No 1 (2012) Indonesia, Acta Pharmaceutica
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Front Matter Vol 37 No 3 (2012) Indonesia, Acta Pharmaceutica
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Uji Efek Penurunan Tekanan Darah Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Tikus Wistar Jantan Sukandar, Elin Yulinah; Sigit, Joseph Iskendiarso; Dewi, Noviana Puspita
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 39, No 1 & 2 (2014)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang prevalensinya tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman yang digunakan masyarakat luas untuk menurunkan tekanan darah adalah daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek penurunan tekanan darah dari ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dengan dosis 25 mg/kg bb, 50 mg/kg bb, dan 100 mg/kg bb. Uji efek penurunan tekanan darah dilakukan dengan dua metode, yaitu uji diuretik dan saluretik dengan obat pembanding furosemid, serta pengukuran tekanan darah secara noninvansif dengan AD Instrument menggunakan obat pembanding atenolol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirsak mulai dosis 25 mg/kg bb memiliki efek diuretik lemah dibandingkan dengan furosemid dan tidak memiliki efek saluretik. Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak mulai dosis 25 mg/kg bb juga dapat menghambat peningkatan tekanan darah sistol setelah induksi adrenalin pada pemberian secara oral terhadap tikus Wistar jantan.Kata Kunci: antihipertensi, daun sirsak, diuretik, sistolAbstractHypertension is one of the high prevalence disease in Indonesia. Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves has been known by people can decrease systolic blood pressure. The objective of this research is to test the effect of soursop leaves extract doses of 25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw, and 100 mg/kg bw as antihypertension agent in male rats Wistar. In this research, antihypertensive effect carried out by two methods, the diuretic test with furosemide as a comparator drug and blood pressure measurements with the AD Instrument with atenolol as a comparator drug. From this research it is known that soursop leaf ethanol extract doses of 25 mg/kg bw has a weak diuretic effect compared with furosemide and have no mechanism of sodium ion excretion in the urine. Soursop leaf ethanol extract doses of 25 mg/kg bw also can inhibit an increase in systolic blood pressure after administration of adrenaline to male Wistar rats.Keywords: antihypertensive, soursop leaves, diuretic, systole
Pembuatan Sirup Glukosa dari Umbi Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz), Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.), Rimpang Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.), Buah Sukun (Artocarpus communis Forst), dan Rimpang Garut (Maranta arundinace Linn) dengan Metode Enzimatis Insanu, Muhamad; Kamal, Fakar Daras; Suganda, Asep Gana
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Glukosa merupakan salah satu jenis gula yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh industri, terutama industri makanan dan minuman ringan. Di Indonesia sirup glukosa diproduksi dari pati singkong. Akan tetapi, saat ini produksi sirup glukosa dalam negeri tidak sebanding dengan kebutuhannya yang tinggi sehingga pemerintah harus mengimpornya. Salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan produksi sirup glukosa adalah dengan cara diversifikasi bahan baku. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari alternatif pengganti pati singkong sebagai bahan baku, tetapi penelitian yang telah dilakukan tidak membandingkan secara langsung potensi bahan baku alternatif tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian yang dilakukan umumnya menggunakan bahan baku dari pati bukan dari bagian tanaman sumber pati tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.), ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.), sukun (Artocarpus communis Forst), dan garut (Maranta arundinace Linn) sebagai sumber sirup glukosa pengganti singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Bahan baku dibersihkan dan dipotongpotong dengan ukuran sekitar 5x5 mm. Likuifikasi dilakukan dengan penambahan 63 µL α-amilase (185,1 unit/mL), dipanaskan pada suhu 95-100 °C selama 2 jam. Sakarifikasi dilakukan dengan penambahan 107 µL glukoamilase (345,7 unit/mL), dipanaskan pada suhu 61-64 °C selama 72 jam. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan pemberian karbon aktif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kertas, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode titrasi redoks yang dikembangkan Lane & Eynon dengan pembanding glukosa 0,1g/mL. Analisis kualitatif menunjukkan semua sirup mengandung glukosa. Hasil perhitungan kadar gula total yang ekuivalen dengan glukosa per gram bahan baku dari sirup yang berasal dari singkong, ubi jalar, ganyong, sukun, dan garut masing-masing adalah 2,69±0,45%; 5,56 ± 0,77%; 2,91±0,40%; 2,77±1,39%; dan 2,92±0,40%. Berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif, ubi jalar paling potensial menggantikan singkong sebagai sumber sirup glukosa.Kata kunci: sirup glukosa, singkong, ubi jalar, ganyong, sukun, garut, enzimatisAbstractGlucose syrup is commonly used in food and beverages industries, but the production is still insufficient so to fulfil the need government has to import it. In Indonesia glucose syrup was produced from cassava starch. The production of glucose syrup should be increased by the diversification of raw materials. Several researches have been conducted to look for alternative raw materials for substituting the use of cassava. However, no researches have compared the potential among these alternative materials and uses parts of the plants directly. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), canna (Canna edulis Ker.), breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Forst), and arrowroot (Maranta arundinace Linn) as a source of glucose syrup for substituting cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The raw materials were cleaned and cut into pieces with a size of 5x5 mm. Liquefaction was done by adding 63 μL of α-amylase (185.1 units/mL) followed by heating at 95-100°C for 2 hours. Saccharification was done by adding 107 µL of glucoamylase (345.7 units/mL) followed by heating at 61-64°C for 72 hours. Glucose syrup was purified by adding activated carbon as an absorbent. Qualitative analysis was performed by paper chromatography, while the quantitative analysis was conducted by the redox titration which was developed by Lane & Eynon using glucose 0.1 g/mL as a standard. Qualitative analysis showed all syrups contain glucose. The total sugar content equivalent to glucose per gram of raw material for each glucose syrup were 2.69±0.45%, 5.56±0.77%, 2.91±0.40%, 2.77±1.39%, and 2.92±0.40% for cassava, sweet potato, canna, breadfruit, and arrowroot respectively. Based on the quantitative analysis, sweet potatoes were the most potential substituting agent for cassava as a source of glucose syrup.Keywords: glucose syrup, cassava, sweet potato, canna, breadfruit, arrowroot, enzymatic
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Kombinasi Ekstrak Perikarp Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dan Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) terhadap Bakteri Penginfeksi Kulit Sukandar, Elin Yulinah; Garmana, Afrillia Nuryanti; Khairina, Citra
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 & 4 (2014)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Telah diteliti aktivitas antimikroba dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol perikarp manggis dan kelopak bunga rosella pada ketiga bakteri penginfeksi kulit yaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode mikrodilusi kemudian dilanjutkan pengujian secara topikal pada kulit punggung kelinci yang diinfeksi ketiga bakteri tersebut. Hasil pengujian secara in vitro menunjukan kombinasi ekstrak perikarp manggis dan kelopak bunga rosella memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang sinergis terhadap S .aureus, S. epidermidis, dan P. acnes, dan mempercepat penyembuhan infeksi pada kulit punggung kelinci yang diinfeksi oleh ketiga bakteri tersebut (p > 0,05).Kata kunci: infeksi kulit, perikarp manggis, kelopak bunga rosella.AbstractThe antimicrobial activity of combination mangosteen pericarp and roselle calyx ethanol extract against bacterias that infect the skin such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes had been studied. The in vitro test was conducted by microdilution method to determine the characteristic of extract combination, and gave topically to the back skin of rabbits. The results showed that the extract combination of mangosteen pericarp and roselle calyx have a synergistic antibacterial activity against S.aureus, S.epidermidis, and P.acnes by in vitro study, and accelerated healing time of infection on rabbits skin (p > 0.05).Keywords: skins infection, mangosteen pericarp, roselle calyx.
Front Matter Vol 42 No 1 (2017) Indonesia, Acta Pharmaceutica
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 42, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Telaah Fitokimia Daun Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) yang Berasal dari Dua Lokasi Tumbuh Kusmardiyani, Siti; Wandasari, Ferlin; Wirasutisna, Komar Ruslan
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L., Annonaceae) digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional sebagai penurun kadar gula darah. Simplisia yang berasal dari dua lokasi tumbuh dibandingkan kandungan kimianya. Penapisan fitokimia kedua simplisia, karakteristik simplisia, dan pola kromatogram ekstrak menunjukkan hasil yang mirip. Simplisia diekstraksi secara refluks menggunakan pelarut dengan kepolaran meningkat, yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Ekstrak n-heksana salah satu simplisia disaponifikasi, difraksinasi secara kromatografi cair vakum, dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi kolom. Fraksi dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan isolat dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometri ultraviolet-sinar tampak dan spektrofotometri inframerah serta penampak bercak Liebermann-Burchard. Isolat merupakan triterpenoid dengan gugus fungsi O–H, CH, dan C=C serta tidak memiliki ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi.Kata Kunci: Annona squamosa L., daun Srikaya, triterpenoid Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L., Annonaceae) leaf has been traditionally used to treat high blood glucose level. Crude drugs obtained from plants growing at two different locations were studied to evaluate whether there were differences in their phytochemical constituents. Phytochemical screening of those two crude drugs, the quality, and extract chromatographic pattern showed similar results. Crude drugs were extracted by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. N-hexane extract from one of the crude drugs was saponified, followed by fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. The fractions were separated using preparative thin layer chromatography and one isolate was characterized using Liebermann-Burchard reagent, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectrophotometry. The isolate was a triterpenoid with O-H, C-H, and C=C groups and did not have any conjugated double bond.Keywords: Annona squamosa L., sugar apple leaf, triterpenoid
Dekafeinasi Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora L.) menggunakan Pelarut Polar (Etanol dan Metanol) Kartasasmita, Rahmana Emran; Addyantina, Susan
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Biji kopi hijau robusta diekstraksi menggunakan air dan ekstrak diuapkan pelarutnya dengan freeze-dryer. Ekstrak kering yang diperoleh diekstraksi dengan alat Soxhlet menggunakan pelarut polar yaitu etanol dan metanol untuk mengurangi kadar kafein. Pengembalian aroma dilakukan dengan cara biji kopi dekafeinasi direndam dalam dispersi ekstrak kering (10% dalam air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kopi hasil dekafeinasi dengan etanol menghasilkan penurunan kadar kafein sebesar 79,713% dan hasil dekafeinasi dengan metanol menghasilkan penurunan kadar kafein sebesar 74,721%. Secara statistik, tidak terdapat perbedaan preferensi yang signifikan terhadap aroma dan rasa kopi pada aras kepercayaan 95% terhadap 30 panelis.Kata kunci: dekafeinasi, biji kopi, robusta, etanol, metanol Robusta green coffee beans were extracted with water and the extract is dried by freeze-dryer. The extract was extracted using Soxhlet with polar solvents, ethanol and methanol, to reduce caffeine content. Decaffeinated coffee beans were soaked in dispersion of that extract (10% in water) to return the aroma. Results showed that the reduction level of caffeine content in ethanol-decaffeinated coffee beans is 79,713% and in methanol-decaffeinated coffee beans is 74,721%. Statistically, there were no significant differences of preference to the aroma and taste of coffee at 95% level of confidence of 30 panelists.Keywords: decaffeination, coffee beans, robusta, ethanol, methanol
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gynura procumbens dalam Menghambat Peningkatan Kadar Trigliserida Tikus Model Hipertrigliseridemia Astuti, Yunita Puji; Utami, Novi Vicahyani; Rostini, Tiene
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 39, No 1 & 2 (2014)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Hipertrigliseridemia penting diperhatikan karena merupakan faktor resiko independen penyakit diabetes melitus. Salah satu tanaman obat yang dipercaya masyarakat dapat menurunkan kadar lipid adalah tanaman sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens). Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dalam menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia. Tikus jantan galur Wistar sebanyak 24 ekor, umur 2-3 bulan, berat 200-300 gram, dibagi 6 kelompok: kelompok I (makanan standar + air), kelompok II (diet tinggi lemak [DTL] + propiltiourasil [PTU] 0,01%+ larutan carboxymetyl cellulosa 1%), kelompok III (DTL+ PTU 0,01%+ ekstrak 50 mg/kgBB), kelompok IV (DTL+ PTU 0,01%+ ekstrak 150 mg/kgBB), kelompok V (DTL + PTU 0,01% + ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB) dan kelompok VI (DTL + PTU 0,01%+ gemfibrozil 54 mg/kgBB). Kadar trigliserida diukur setelah satu minggu adaptasi (sebelum perlakuan) dan setelah dua minggu perlakuan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dosis 50 mg/kgBB, 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB memiliki efek menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia (p<0,05). Ketiga dosis memiliki efek yang sebanding. Ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa menghasilkan efek yang sebanding dengan gemfibrozil dosis 54 mg/kgBB (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa memiliki efek menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia. Efek tersebut sebanding dengan efek gemfibrozil 54 mg/kgBB.Kata kunci: Gynura procumbens, sambung nyawa, ekstrak, trigliserida, hipertrigliseridemiaAbstractHypertriglyceridemia is an important condition as risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which shows an increasing prevalence annualy. People believed that herbs such Gynura procumbens act as herbal medicine for hypertriglyceridemia. The experimental study was conducted to know the effect of Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract in inhibiting the increase of blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model. Twenty four male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months (200-300 grams), were divided into 6 groups: group I (standard food + water), group II (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0,01% + carboxymetil celullosa solvent 1%), group III (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 50 mg/kg), group IV (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 150 mg/kg), group V (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 300 mg/kg), and group VI (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg). The triglyceride level was measured: one week after adaptation (before treatment) and two weeks after treatment. The data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study indicated that Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg had effect in inhibiting the increase of the blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model (p<0,05). The variation of the three doses indicated a similar effect. Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract and gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg gave a similar effect (p>0,05). In conclusion, Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract has an effect in inhibiting the increase of blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model. It has similar effect to gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg.Keywords: Gynura procumbens, extract, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemia
Antimicrobial Activity Comparison Profile of Piper betle L., Pluchea indica L. and Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle against Bacterial Isolates from Human Axillary Sweat with Odor Problem Miftahurrohmah, Nur; Syarmalina, Syarmalina
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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The research to compare the antimicrobial activity profile of Piper betle L. leaf, Pluchea indica L. leaf, and Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle fruit against bacteria isolated from axillary sweat of six probandus having axillary odor problem had been done. Eight pure bacterial isolates came from this process, and then identified with Gram stain and several biochemical reactions. Staphylooccus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus, known as bacteria that usually present in a large amount at human axilla skin with odor problem, were used also in this research. The tested plants were prepared with procedures that usually used by the Indonesian people as traditional home medicine to face the axillary odor problem. Furthermore, fucidic acid and potassium alumunium phosphate were used as reference drugs. Antimicrobial activity of all of the plants and the reference drugs against 11 bacteria were studied using agar diffusion method. The results showed that liquid extracted from Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle. fructus had the highest antimicrobial activity compared to the two other plants against bacteria isolated from axillary sweat with odor problem, which was equal with the antimicrobial activity of potassium alumunium phosphate 20% w/v solution. Antimicrobial activity of betel leaf and beluntas leaf were equal with the antimicrobial activity of 19.06 μg/mL of fusidic acid solution.Keywords: betel leaf, Piper betle L., beluntas leaf, Pluchea indica L., lime fruit, Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle, antimicrobial, axillary odor. AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan aktivitas antimikroba dari daun sirih (Piper betle L.), daun beluntas (Pluchea indica L.), dan buah jeruk nipis (Citrus arantifolia [Christm.] Swingle) terhadap bakteri yang diisolasi dari keringat ketiak enam sukarelawan yang memiliki masalah bau ketiak. Delapan isolat bakteri murni didapat dari proses ini dan kemudian diidentifikasi dengan pewarnaan Gram dan uji-uji biokimia. Bakteri Staphylooccus aureus, S. epidermidis, dan S. haemolyticus yang umumnya terdapat dalam jumlah banyak di kulit ketiak yang berbau juga digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tanaman-tanaman uji disiapkan dengan cara yang biasa dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengatasi bau badan secara tradisional. Sebagai senyawa antimikroba standar, digunakan asam fusidat dan tawas (kalium aluminium fosfat) untuk dibandingkan aktivitasnya dengan tiga tanaman uji. Aktivitas antimikroba seluruh tanaman uji dan larutan senyawa antimikroba terhadap 11 bakteri diteliti dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa air perasan jeruk nipis memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terbesar dibandingkan dengan dua tanaman uji lainnya terhadap bakteri yang diisolasi dari keringat ketiak yang berbau, yang sebanding dengan aktivitas antimikroba larutan tawas 20% b/v. Aktivitas antimikroba daun sirih dan daun beluntas sebanding dengan aktivitas antimikroba larutan asam fusidat 19,06 μg/mL.Kata kunci: sirih, Piper betle L., beluntas, Pluchea indica L., jeruk nipis, Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle, antimikroba, bau ketiak.

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