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STUDI PELEPASAN TERKONTROL TERHADAP NANOENKAPSULASI DIMETOKSI AMINO CALKON SEBAGAI DESAIN KANDIDAT SENYAWA ANTI KANKER YANG EFEKTIF Mochamamad Zakki Fahmi; Hery Suwito; Shofi Yasmin Nurain; Yogi Putra Hidayatullah
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAKEnkapsulasi merupakan sebuah proses dimana partikel kecil dikemas dalam sebuah partikel yang lebih besar sehingga membentuk kapsul. Metode tersebut akan digunakan untuk memodifikasi calkon, senyawa anti kanker yang memiliki kelarutan dalam air sangat rendah, dengan menggunakan Bovine Serum Albumin sebagai enkapsulan. Modifikasi senyawa calkon ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan larutan BSA dalam air dan larutan calkon dalam kloroform kemudian diultrasonikasi. Senyawa hasil sonikasi tersebut disebut produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-calkon. Produk selanjutnya diuji ketahanannya terhadap perubahan pH, penambahan garam dan suhu. Produk kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR dan DLS. Proses nanoenkapsulasi dapat dikatakan berhasil dilakukan, ditunjukkan dengan produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-calkon yang dapat larut dalam air. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan DLS menunjukkan bahwa produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-amino calkon memiliki rata-rata diameter partikel sebesar 457,5 nm dan 201,0 nm untuk produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-dimetoksi amino calkon. Hasil FTIR dari nanoenkapsulan BSA-amino calkon memunculkan serapan gugus amida pada 1639,55 cm-1. Sedangkan pada nanoenkapsulan BSA-dimetoksi amino calkon, gugus amida muncul pada serapan 1635,69 cm-1.Kata kunci : Nanoenkapsulasi, calkon, Bovine Serum Albumin, anti kanker.ABSTRACTEncapsulation is a process where a small particles packaged in a larger particles and it forms into a capsule. This method will be used to modify chalcone, an anticancer compound that have very low solubility in water. So it can’t be applied into human bodies. This chalcone will be encapsulated by Bovine Serum Albumin. Modification of chalcone is carried out by mixing a BSA solution in water and chalcone solution in chloroform by an ultrasonication process. The product will be tested for the resistance of pH, salt addition and temperature. The products also characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR and DLS instruments. Nanoencapsulation process was successfully do, it’s indicated by the nanoencapsulan product that has a high solubility in water. The results of DLS indicate that products have an average particle size is 457,5 nm for BSA-amine chalcone and 201,0 nm for BSA-dimethoxy amine chalcone. FTIR results shows that nanoencapsulation BSA-chalcone has amide groups, it showed by the absorption peak which raises at 1639,55 cm-1 for amine chalcone, and 1635,69 cm-1 for dimethoxy amine chalcone.Keywords : Nanoencapsulation, chalcone, bovine serum albumin, anti-cancer.

Skopoletin Senyawa Fenilpropanoid dari Kulit Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) varietas IR-melati Citra Putri Pramitha; Nanik Siti Aminah; Alfinda Novi Kristanti
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakTelah berhasil diisolasi senyawa golongan fenilpropanoid dengan nama “skopoletin” dari kulit umbi ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.). Ekstraksi senyawa dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, dilanjutkan dengan partisi menggunakan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Pemisahan dan pemurnian senyawa dilakukan menggunakan teknik kromatografi kolom gravitasi. Struktur senyawa dianalisis berdasarkan data spektroskopi UV/Vis, 1D, dan 2D-NMR. Kata kunci : fenilpropanoid, skopoletin, Ipomoea batatas L. AbstractIt has been isolated phenylpropanoid group compound named scopoletin from the tuber peel of Ipomoea batatas L. Extraction of this compound was done by maceration method using methanol solvent, followed by partition with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Separation and purofication of compound was done by gravity column chromatography techniques. Structure of compound was analyzed by UV/Vis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. Keywords : phenylpropanoid, scopoletin, Ipomoea batatas L.

KONSTRUKSI TRIPLE DISRUPTAN GEN PENGKODE PROTEIN FOSFATASE DAN PROTEIN KINASE Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hermansyah Hermansyah; Susilawati Susilawati
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakKonstruksi triple disruptan pada Saccharomyces cerevisiae dibuat dengan menyilangkan (crossing) atau melakukan mating antara strain BY4739 (MATa ura3D0 leu2D0 lys2D0 kin3D::KanMX) dengan strain SH6793 (MATa ptp2D::CgHIS3 msg5D::CgLEU2 ura3-52 his3-Δ200 leu2Δ1 lys2Δ202 trp1Δ63). Dari 10 aski yang menghasilkan 40 koloni triple disruptan, hanya 3 koloni yang memiliki fenotip dapat tumbuh di media SC-his, SC-leu, dan YPDA + 100 µg/mL geniticin disulfat. Uji lanjut terhadap tiga koloni tersebut menggunakan amplifikasi PCR dan pemotongan dengan enzim restriksi NruI menghasilkan hanya satu koloni yang memiliki ptp2D. Data ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemungkinan hanya satu koloni yang memiliki triple disruptan ptp2D msg5Dkin3D yaitu koloni 7B. Kata kunci: triple disruptan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metode crossing (persilangan) AbstractTriple disruptant were contsructed by crossing or mating between strain BY4739 (MATa ura3D0 leu2D0 lys2D0 kin3D::KanMX) and strain SH6793 (MATa ptp2D::CgHIS3 msg5D::CgLEU2 ura3-52 his3-Δ200 leu2Δ1 lys2Δ202 trp1Δ63). Out of 10 asci generating 40 colonies which have triple disruptant, only 3 colonies showed phenotypics growing on SC-his, SC-leu, and YPDA+ 100 µg/mL geniticine disulfate medium. Further test to these three colonies by using PCR amplication and digesting by restriction enzyme NruI resulted only one colony showing ptp2D. This data indicated that only one colony had ptp2D msg5D kin3D triple disruptant, colony 7B. Keywords: triple disruptant, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, crossing method

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) Siti Wafiroh; Suyanto Suyanto; Yuliana Yuliana
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC

INSERSI GEN pncA KE DALAM PLASMID pGEM-T Eli Hendrik Sanjaya
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Abstract. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is among the most worrisome elements of the pandemic of antibiotic resistance. As the first line drug, pyrazinamide is often used to treat TB desease so there are many case of TB resistant to pyrazinamide. The previous research show that pncA gene of isolate L20 MDR-TB have mutated T539C. That mutation propose as the cause of resistance M. tuberculosis to pyrazimanide at the genetic level. For make sure the resistance mechanism, we have to get the pure PZAse and crystalization so the 3D structure can be determined by X-ray defraction. The first step to get the pure PZAse is cloning the pncA gene to the plasmid. The aim of this research is to know that is the pncA gene can be cloned to pGEM-T plasmid. The prosedure for cloning the pncA gene to the pGEM-T plasmid is amplification, followed by insert the pncA gene to the pGEM-T plasmid, and transformation by a selection of blue and white colony. The last step are isolation plasmid recombinant (pGEM-T-pncA) followed by electrophoresis. The result of the research showed that pncA gene from isolate L20 was successfully cloned to pGEM-T plasmid. That was showed on blue and white colony and the result of isolation and electrophoresis pGEM-T-pncA. The electrophoregram showed that the length of pGEM-T-pncA from white colony is different with pGEM-T standart abaut 0,7 kb. It is similar with the length of pncA gene (0,72 kb). Keywords: kloning, pGEM-T, pncA gene, pyrazinamide (PZA).

STUDI HUBUNGAN KUANTITATIF STRUKTUR AKTIVITAS SENYAWA TURUNAN MEISOINDIGO SEBAGAI INHIBITOR CDK4 Muhammad Arba; Riki Andriansyah; Messi Leonita
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan analisis Hubungan Kuantitatif Struktur-Aktivitas (HKSA) senyawa turunan meisoindigo sebagai inhibitor Cyclin Dependent Kinase-4 (CDK4) menggunakan regresi multi linear untuk pemilihan variabel. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aktivitas penghambatan CDK4 dari senyawa turunan mesoindigo bergantung pada beberapa parameter, yaitu momen dipol, energi total, energi elektronik, panas pembentukan, dan kelarutan. Akurasi model HKSA yang diusulkan divalidasi baik dengan teknik validasi silang maupun dengan validasi eksternal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk desain senyawa inhibitor CDK4 yang lebih baik dari turunan meisoindigo. Kata kunci: HKSA, meisoindigo, kanker, CDK4 ABSTRACTCyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is an important target in the treatment of cancer. Exploring of compounds that can inhibit the activity of CDK4 is actively performed worldwide. This research was conducted to do Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of meisoindigo derivative compounds as inhibitor for CDK4 in order to get QSAR equation, then it was further used to design new inhibitor based meisoindigo which has more potent and selective for CDK4. Data compound is divided into training set to build QSAR models and the test set to validate the model. Calculation was done by MOE2009.10 descriptor and multilinear regression analysis, SPSS19.0. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of mesoindigo derived compounds toward CDK4 was depended on several dipole moment, total energy, electronic energy, heat of formation, and solubility. The accuracy of QSAR models proposed validated by cross validation techniques and with external validation. The results of this study can be used to design a new CDK4 inhibitor compound better than meisoindigo derivative Keywords: QSAR, meisoindigo, cancer, CDK4

DAYA SERAP KULIT KACANG TANAH TERAKTIVASI ASAM BASA DALAM MENYERAP ION FOSFAT SECARA BATH DENGAN METODE BATH Irdhawati Irdhawati; Alling Andini; Made Arsa
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakKulit kacang tanah digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menyerap ion fosfat dalam larutan. Sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben, kulit kacang tanah dicuci, dikeringkan, dihaluskan menggunakan blender dan diayak dengan ukuran partikel ≤ 100 mesh. Serbuk halus diaktifkan dengan asam (H2SO4) dan basa (NaOH) pada berbagai konsentrasi. Selanjutnya, adsorben dengan dan tanpa aktivasi digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fosfat yang terserap secara optimum. Parameter adsorpsi yang digunakan adalah waktu kontak dan kapasitas adsorpsi. Kapasitas adsorpsi diukur dengan mereaksikan ion fosfat dengan adsorben, dan sisa analit dalam larutan ditambahkan dengan amonium molibdat membentuk senyawa kompleks amonium fosfomolibdat berwarna biru dalam larutan asam. Konsentrasi senyawa kompleks ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Visible.Hasil dalam proses aktivasi menunjukkan konsentrasi optimum asam adalah 0,05 M, dan basa sebesar 0,5 M. Waktu kontak optimum diperoleh 45 menit untuk adsorben tanpa aktivasi dan aktivasi basa, sedangkan untuk aktivasi asam 30 menit. Kapasitas adsorpsi optimum berturut-turut adalah 8,5 mg/g; 8,8 mg/g, dan 10,4 mg/g menggunakan adsorben tanpa aktivasi, teraktivasi asam dan teraktivasi basa. Adsorben teraktivasi basa memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi dibandingkan adsorben tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi asam. Kata kunci: kulit kacang tanah, ion fosfat, adsorpsi, amonium fosfomolibdat AbstractPeanut shell was used as adsorbent to adsorb phosphate ion in solution. Before using as adsorbent, the peanut shell was washed, dried, mashed and sifted with particle size <100 mesh. The fine powder was activated by acid (H2SO4) and base (NaOH) with various concentrations. Furthermore, the adsorbent with and without activation was used to determine the optimum phosphate concentration that can be adsorbed. The parameters adsorption such as contact time and adsorption capacity, were examined. The adsorption capacity was measured by reacting the phosphate ion with adsorbent, and the rest of analyte in the solution reacted with ammonium molybdate formed ammonium phospho molybdate complex compound whose blue color in acidic solution. The concentration of complex compound can be determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometry method. The results in activation process showed the optimum concentration of acid is 0.05 M, and base is 0.5 M. The optimum contact time obtained 45 minutes for adsorbent without and base activated, while 30 minutes for acid activated. The optimum adsorption capacity is 8.5 mg/g, 8.8 mg/g, and 10.4 mg/g using adsorbent without, acid, and base activated, respectively. Adsorbent in base activated has the highest adsorption capacity compared with no and acid activated. Keywords: peanut shell, phosphate ion, adsorption, ammonium phospho molybdate

TEKNIK VOLTAMETRI PELUCUTAN ANODIK GELOMBANG PERSEGI UNTUK PENENTUAN KADAR LOGAM Cu DALAM KANGKUNG AIR Irdhawati Irdhawati; Liana Sari; Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAK Analisis logam berat Cu(II) dilakukan dengan metode voltametri pelucutan anodik gelombang persegi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas metode voltametri pelucutan anodik yang digunakan dalam pengukuran kadar logam Cu(II) dalam sampel kangkung air di muara sungai Badung. Elektroda glassy carbon digunakan sebagai elektroda kerja, Ag/AgCl sebagai elektroda pembanding, dan kawat platina sebagai elektroda pembantu. Parameter yang dioptimasi meliputi waktu deposisi dan laju pindai dalam larutan standar Cu(II) 500 ppb. Validasi metode ditentukan dengan menentukan rentang konsentrasi linier, limit deteksi, keberulangan pengukuran, dan persen perolehan kembali. Teknik voltametri pelucutan anodik kemudian digunakan untuk mengukur kadar logam Cu(II) pada sampel kangkung air.Hasil optimasi pengukuran kadar logam Cu(II) yaitu waktu deposisi optimum 60 detik dan laju pindai optimum 10 mV/detik. Pengukuran validitas larutan standar logam Cu(II), rentang konsentrasi linier larutan 50 ~500 ppb dan memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi 0,9983. Limit deteksi 35 ppb, keberulangan pengukuran memiliki rasio Horwitz kurang dari 2, dan persen perolehan kembali 99,35% ± 0,4526. Hasil pengukuran sampel tanaman kangkung memiliki kandungan logam Cu(II) sebesar 4,0 ppm. Berdasarkan Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan batas maksimum cemaran logam dalam makanan untuk logam Cu(II) adalah 5,0 ppm. Oleh karena itu dapat diketahui bahwa kandungan logam Cu(II) tidak melebihi kadar maksimum yang diperkenankan. Kata Kunci : logam berat, voltametri pelucutan anodik gelombang persegi, kangkung airABSTRACTHeavy metal analysis of Cu(II) was measured by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry method. The aim of this research is to know the validity of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry method for determination of Cu(II) in water spinach from the estuary of Badung river. Glassy carbon, Ag/AgCl, and Pt wire electrodes were used as working electrode, reference electrode and counter electrode, respectively. Optimized parameter involved the deposition time and scan rate in standard solution Cu(II) 500 ppb. Furthermore, the validation method was examined by determination of linear concentration range, limit of detection, repetition of measurement, and percent of recovery. Moreover, the result of validation was used for observing of heavy metal Cu(II) content in water spinach. The result of optimum deposition time is 60 s. Meanwhile, the scan rate optimum is 10 mV/s. Measurement for standard solution 50 ~ 500 ppb on linear concentration range, with correlation coefficient 0,9983. Limit of detection is 35 ppb, repetition of measurement for metal has Horwitz ratio less than 2, and percent recovery of Cu(II) measurement is 99,35% ± 0,4526. The measurement of Cu(II) content in the water spinach sample contain Cu(II) 4,0 ppm. Based on Decree of Directorate General for Drug and Food Control, the treshold line for Cu(II) contamination for food is 5,0 ppm. Therefore, the water spinach sample contain Cu(II) is less than accepted value. Keyword : Heavy metal, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, water spinach

PEMANFAATAN PROTEASE DARI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus, L) DALAM DEGUMMING BENANG SUTERA Zusfahair Zusfahair; Amin Fatoni; Dian Riana Ningsih
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakProtease dalam bidang industri tekstil dapat berperan pada proses degumming benang sutera. Salah satu protease yang dapat digunakan untuk degumming benang sutera dapat diisolasi dari kulit nanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi protease dari kulit nanas dalam proses degumming benang sutera. Isolasi protease dari kulit nanas dilakukan dengan ekstraksi menggunakan buffer fosfat dilanjutkan dengan sentrifugasi untuk memisahkan debrisnya. Ekstrak protease dari kulit nanas selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses degumming benang sutera pada suhu dan waktu perendaman tertentu. Benang sutera hasil proses degumming diamati secara visual, menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskop electron (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses degumming benang sutera yang optimal dilakukan pada suhu 50 °C, dan waktu inkubasi selama 4 jam. Benang sutera yang dihasilkan dengan protease ini lebih lembut dan berkilau, jika dibandingkan dengan benang sutera yang diolah secara tradisional menggunakan sabun dan pemanasan. Kata kunci: degumming, protease, kulit nanas, sutera AbstractProtease could be used in the textile industry for degumming of silk fabric. One of prospective proteases for silk degumming that of from a pineapple peels. This study was performed to determine the potential of protease from pineapple peels for silk degumming. The protease was extracted from pineapple peels using phosphate buffer, continued by separating the crude protease from the debris using centrifugation. The crude protease was then used to degum the raw silk, by soaking it in certain of incubation time and temperature. Silk degumming results observed visually, also by light microscope and electron microscope. The results showed that the optimum degumming process is at 50 ° C incubation for 4 hours. In comparison to the traditional silk degumming using soap and heating, the protease based degumming showed a softer and shiny silk fabric. Keyword: degumming, protease, pineapple peel, silk.

ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM DICRANACEAE MOSSES Junairiah Junairiah; Tri Nurhariyati; Ni'matuzahroh Ni'matuzahroh; Lilis Sulistyorini
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRACT Dicranoloma reflexum and Dicranella coarctata are mosses from Dicranaceae family. This study was purposed to identify bioactive compounds contained from both species. Dicranoloma reflexum and Dicranella coarctata collected form Cangar forest, Batu, East Java. Mosses was rinsed, dried and crushed into powder. Extraction was performed using maceration method with n-hexane, acetic acid, and methanol solvent. Compounds obtained then identified using Gass Chromatography Mass Spectra. Result showed that n-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranoloma reflexum contained 61, 16, and 58 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was 1-octadecene, phenol, and 9-octadecanoic acid. N-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranella coarctata contained 5, 38, and 23 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was thiosulphuric acid, E-15 heptedecenal, and n-hexadecanoic acid.Key words : Dicranaceae, bioactive compounds

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