Articles
35 Documents
<![CDATA[Effect of Electrolytes and Microbial Culture toward Electricity Generation Utilizing Tempe Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cell ]]>
<![CDATA[Tania Surya Utami]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Demand for electricity has become a crucial requirement of Indonesian society. Resources, which generate electrical energy such as fossil fuel, is predicted to run out within the next dozen years. Microbial Fuel Cell is a development of the latest technology that uses microbes to break down a substrate. This activity will cause potential difference and generate electricity. Microbes which generate electricity could be derived from pure culture and mixed culture. In this study, mixed culture of tempe wastewater microbes is used by adding electrolytes variation which are ammonium chloride-potassium chloride, potassium permanganate, and potassium persulfate in a single chamber reactor. The optimum voltage and power density are 62,09 mV and 3,01 mW/m2 when using potassium persulfate. Result of this research are compared to others research which using pure culture of L.bulgaricus by adding electrolytes variation which are potassium ferrycianide and potassium permanganate. In additional, utilization of potassium permanganat in mixed culture of tempe wastewater microbes and pure culture of L.bulgaricus are also compared to each other. The optimum voltage and power density of those comparison are 457 mV and 167,7 mW/m2 when using potassium permanganat in pure culture of L.bulgaricus.]]>
<![CDATA[Making of Palm Oil into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO ]]>
<![CDATA[Rangga Septian]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels. Biodiesel can be made from palm oil and the other raw materials. This research studies the optimum condition of palm oil (RPO) production by methanolysis reaction of heterogeneust catalyst calcium Oxide (CaO) aided by microwave irradiation. In order to get optimum condition, pretreatment catalyst has been done in 500oC at 1 hour. FFA removal can be reduced until 0,2% by esterification . The result of biodiesel was analyzed by Gas chromatography to measure the total of methyl esters conversion. The optimum condition for transesterification was 400 watts and catalyzed by 5% of CaO of weight oil, have the yield of biodiesel 75,60% and the conversion of methyl esters 92%.]]>
<![CDATA[Deacidification of Fatty Oils using Anion Exchange Resin ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri Hadiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Crude fatty oils contain a large number of impurities, including gum, free fatty acids, and coloring substances that must be removed in order to create an acceptables refined oil. This paper describes method to deacidify three fatty oils by adsorbing their free fatty acid contents on Rohm and Haas Amberlite IRA 900 anion exchange resin in a fixed bed adsorber. After deacidification, their acid values are lower than 0.6 and the color are brighter. By combining the three steps regeneration method, the resin can be re-utilized without losing its adsorption capacity for 3 cycles.]]>
<![CDATA[Catalytic Transfer-Hydrogenation of Fatty Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri Hadiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the main cause of the poor thermal and oxidative stabilities of fatty oils as well as biodiesels. The conversion of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acid moieties are normally carried out via hydrogenation. The most conventional hydrogenation process uses gaseous hydrogen at relatively high temperature and pressure in the presence of metal catalysts. Catalytic-transfer hydrogenation is an alternative method for oil hydrogenation which does not require the presence of hydrogen and can be carried out at atmospheric pressure. This paper describes the catalytic transfer-hydrogenation of kapok seed oil (Ceiba pentandra) and candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana) by potassium formate (KOOCH) solutions using the following catalysts: Ag–Cu2O, Ag–Cu2O/Pumice, Ag–Cu2O–Pd/Pumice, and Pd/C 5%. None of the catalysts were found effective and kapok seed oil hydrogenated using 5%-Pd/C catalyst turned into gel, most probably due to the polymerization reactions of sterculic and malvalic acid]]>
<![CDATA[Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Zeolite using Clear Solution ]]>
<![CDATA[Syaifullah Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nano size particles such as nanocrystalline zeolites have unique properties relative to conventional micrometer sized zeolite crystals. The reduction of particle size to the nanometer scale leads to substantial changes in properties of zeolite which make them as promising materials for many applications. Nanocrystalline zeolite A, silicate-1 and ZSM-5 were successfully synthesiszed at temperature of 80-1500C using clear solution in the presence of organic templates. Values of 1.46, 3.06, 4.59 and 6.79 are effective Si/Al ratio to synthesis LTA zeolite. Further, high Si/Al ratio of 30, 40 and 60 were used for ZSM-5 synthesis. The product could be obtained at 1-5 day for zeolite A and ZSM-5 while silicate-1 (aluminum free) could be obtained at 5-9 day. It is proved that zeolite yields increased with increasing temperature, time, Si/Al ratio and organic template. Moreover, TEOS and Ludox LS as silica sources in the silicate-1 synthesis were found to influence the particle size. TEOS makes the zeolite particle smaller than Ludox LS. Two stage synthesis conducted on silicate-1 crystallization could decrease time and increase yield. However it is found that the average particle size was slightly higher than that in one-stage synthesis.]]>
<![CDATA[The Optimum Conditions of Fire Tube Boiler fuelled with ]]>
<![CDATA[Leily Nurul Komariah]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[A various tests of biodiesel use in any combustion facility were conducted in order to comply the government mandatory regarding stages of biodiesel utilization, especially in industrial and commercial sectors. The higher biodiesel blends that applied in the boiler show a significant effect on emissions reduction but followed by a reduction in boiler efficiency and an increase in fuel consumption. This study was carried out using palm oil-based biodiesel in the fire tube boiler with 3 bar operating pressure and heat input of 60,000 kcal/hour. In this study, an adjustment scale of the fan damper is conducted in order to control the amount of excess air that enters the combustion chamber. This study showed that the more percentage of biodiesel in fuel blends, the amount of combustion air must reduced. This mechanism was effective through fine-tuning of the fan damper scale. This adjustment may result an increase in efficiency of 0.64 to 2.6%.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Electrical Current, pH, and Electrolyte Addition on Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Haryati]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Hydrogen is viewed as one of the most potential energy source in the future. One of methods to produce hydrogen is by electrolysis of water. Variables that was applied in this work were electrical current (0.5 A and 0.9 A), pH (13.47 and 13.69), and electrolyte additions (namely NaOH and KOH) with processing times for 30 minutes. The result of this work were variations of electrical current at 0.9 A, pH at 13.69 and electrolyte NaOH is at 278.394 L with volume rate 154.663 mL/s produced most amount of hydrogen, whereas condition of 0.5 A, pH 13.47 and electrolyte KOH was 75.122 L with volume rate of 41.734 mL/s yielded the lowest amount.]]>
<![CDATA[Increasing Percentage of Methane (Ch4) from Biogas with Purification ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdullah Saleh]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Biogas is the one of renewable energies that is the result of fermentation of methanogenic bacteria of biomass or organic substance . The low methane content in biogas is affected by the amount of impurities in the biogas. A membrane that produced from activated zeolite as an adsorbent is used to absorb or reduce the content of impuritiesin the biogas in order to increase methane in the biogas . Variate of research comprise variety the composition ratio of zeolite and clay as materials for zeolite membranes are 30:70 , 50:50 , 70:30 , and the effect of flow rate on the purification were 100% open valve and 50% open the valve . Parameters to determine the quality of the purification results biogas is methane percentage were analyzed by Gas Chromatography. The percentage of methane in biogas purification before treatment was 64.86 % . The results showed that the highest percentage of methane was 72.22 % that generated by biogas purification for zeolite and clay ratio was 70:30 with 100% open valve as the flow rate.]]>
<![CDATA[Recovery of Ammonia Solutions From ]]>
<![CDATA[Didiek Hari Nugroho]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Jet bubble column is one of the methods that can be applied to reduce levels of ammonia solutions from a fertilizer industry wastewater. This study intends to evaluate the entrainment of gas volumetric flow rate, mass transfer, and ammonia removal efficiency. Process variables studied include effluent concentration (90-300 mg/L), the liquid volumetric flow rate (10-50 L/min), and nozzle diameter (8-12.7 mm). It was found that the liquid volumetric flow rate and nozzle diameter affects the volumetric rate of gas entrainment. The volumetric flow rate of gas entrainment can result in a significant effect on ammonia removal, while the ammonia concentration and volumetric flow rate of the liquid did not produce significant effects on ammonia removal. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients (KLa) have been calculated from obtained model and it was determined that increasing volumetric flow rate of gas entrainment have a very significant effect on KLa.]]>
<![CDATA[NOx and CO Emissions Of Rice Straw, Coconut Shell and Biobriket ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Yerizam]]>
<![CDATA[ Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2014) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sriwijaya International Seminar on Energy-Environmental Science and Technology ]]>
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<![CDATA[Biobriquette can be used to anticipate the high fossil fuel needed as alternative fuel, cheap and easily obtained. Biobriquette is solid fuel and derived from organic residues. Generally, coal biobriquette making process used biomass waste such as straws, sawdust or various shell biomasses (coffee, cocoa, hazelnut, corn, cassava and jatropha waste). In this research used biomass waste from rice straw with adding the various coconut shell compositions. The compositions of rice straw: coconut shell are 50% : 50 %, 60%: 40%, 70% : 30%, 80% : 20%, 90% : 10% with 10 % tapioca adhesive addition. One of variables determined the biobriquette quality was pollution level generated in the combustion process which was Nox and CO gas. In this research obtained best quality composition of rice straw : coconut shell was 50% : 50% and had emission level for Nox gas at 3.17 mg/m3 and CO gas at 0.5 mg/m3. The biobriquette product was feasible due to the emission value were below the emission standards set for Nox ≤ 1000 mg/m3 and CO ≤ 500 mg/m3.]]>
