Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 3: No. 2 (October, 2016)

Pengaruh insektisida golongan organofosfat terhadap benih ikan nila gift (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker): analisis histologi hati dan insang

Jamin Jamin (Prodi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Kampus utama Reuleut, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Aceh.)
Erlangga Erlangga (Prodi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Kampus utama Reuleut, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Aceh.)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Oct 2016

Abstract

Insektisida golongan organofosfat telah digunakan secara ekstensif dalam bidang pertanian untuk mengontrol hama dan meningkatkan hasil produksi pertanian guna memenuhi permintaan bahan pangan yang tinggi akibat pertumbuhan populasi penduduk yang cepat. Akan tetapi walaupun penggunaan pestisida golongan organofosfat secara nyata telah menigkatkan hasil produksi pertanian, penggunaannya yang tidak terkontrol dapat membahayakan berbagai organisme akuatik dan dapat mengakibatkan efek negatif jangka panjang terhadap lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi golongan organofosfat (0,0002 ml/L, 0,0004 ml/L dan 0,0005 ml/L Parathion 25%) terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan histologi jaringan hati dan insang benih ikan nila GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker). Benih ikan nila yang telah terpapar dengan berbagai konsentrasi pestisida tersebut menunjukkan beberapa gejala klinis diantaranya: kesulitan respirasi, perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih hitam, warna mata dan insang terlihat pucat, kehilangan keseimbangan dan berenang tidak beraturan sebelum kematian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan semakin tinggi konsentrasi pestisida yang diberikan mengakibatkan semakin rendahnya kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila. Kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila yang dipapar dengan konsentrasi pestisida tertinggi (0,0005 ml/L) adalah 6,67%. Selama penelitian ini berlangsung, kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila yang digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif adalah 100%. Pengamatan histologi jaringan hati dan insang memperlihatkan beberapa kerusakan jaringan akibat paparan Parathion, diantaranya: hemoragi, vakuola, degenerasi sel, telangiaktasis, dan hiperplasia dan kongesti jaringan insang. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa pestisida organofosfat khususnya Parathion 25% memiliki efek negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan mengakibatkan perubahan histologi jaringan hati dan insang benih ikan nila GIFT.Insecticides such as organophosphates, have been used extensively in agriculture to control pest and improve crop yield to meet the high demand for food needed by the fast growing population. However, even though the use of organophosphate pesticides has been substantially increased agriculture crops, indiscriminate use of this chemical substance may cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms and may contribute long-term effects in aquatic environment. The purpose of this current study was to evaluate the effects of commercial organophosphate pesticide (Parathion 25%) on the survival and histopathological changes of GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker) juveniles following exposure to varying concentrations of the toxicant (0.0002 ml/L, 0.0004 ml/L and 0.0005 ml/L, respectively). Following exposure to this pesticide, exposed fish were observed to exhibit some clinical signs including respiratory distress (such as gasping in air), darkened body color, opaque eyes and pale gills. Loss of balance and erratic swimming prior to death were also observed. As the concentration of pesticide increased, the survival rate of exposed fish reduced. This study found that at the highest concentration given (0.0005 ml/L) resulted in 6.67% survival of exposed fish. In the contrary, none of negative control fish were died during the period of this experiment. The histological observation of liver and gill tissues of exposed fish showed a deleterious effect of Parathion ranged from hemorrhage, vacuolization, cell degeneration, telangiectasia, hyperplasia and congestion of gills. This study provides more evidence that organophosphate pesticide, particularly Parathion 25%, has negative side effects on the survival and causes histological changes in liver and gills tissues of GIFT Nile tilapia juveniles.

Copyrights © 2016






Journal Info

Abbrev

acta-aquatica

Publisher

Subject

Materials Science & Nanotechnology Other

Description

Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal is a scientific open access journal in the field of aquatic sciences, published periodically (April and October) by the Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) Universitas Malikussaleh (Malikussaleh University) in cooperation with Marine Center ...