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Myoelectric Control Systems for Hand Rehabilitation Device: A Review Anam, Khairul; Adib Rosyadi, Ahmad; Sujanarko, Bambang; Al-Jumaily, Adel
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Vol 4: EECSI 2017
Publisher : IAES Indonesia Section

One of the challenges of the hand rehabilitation device is to create a smooth interaction between the device and user. The smooth interaction can be achieved by considering myoelectric signal generated by human's muscle. Therefore, the so-called myoelectric control system (MCS) has been developed since the 1940s. Various MCS's has been proposed, developed, tested, and implemented in various hand rehabilitation devices for different purposes. This article presents a review of MCS in the existing hand rehabilitation devices. The MCS can be grouped into main groups, the non-pattern recognition and pattern recognition ones. In term of implementation, it can be classified as MCS for prosthetic and exoskeleton hand. Main challenges for MCS today is the robustness issue that hampers the implementation of MCS on the clinical application.

Steering System of Electric Vehicle using Extreme Learning Machine Ahmadi, Sofyan; Anam, Khairul; Saleh, Azmi
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Vol 7, No 1: EECSI 2020
Publisher : IAES Indonesia Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eecsi.v7.2096

The development of electric vehicle technology is currently increasing and growing very fast. Some efforts have been conducted, one of which is using BLDC (brushless direct current) motors to improve efficiency. This study utilized extreme learning machine (ELM) embedded on the microcontroller as well as the differential method for controlling the rotational speed of the BLDC motor. The experimental results on the acceleration testing by traveling a distance of 200 meters achieved the average current of 1.09 amperes. The average power efficiency test is 104 watts. Furthermore, the results of the efficiency experiment with a track length of 3.3 km (kilometers) in 10 minutes obtained the energy efficiency of 177.34 km/kWh (kilowatt for one hour)

Optimized Kernel Extreme Learning Machine for Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Khairul Anam; Adel Al-Jumaily
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 8, No 1: February 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) is used to detect user’s intention to achieve a smooth interaction between human and machine. The performance of MPR is influenced by the features extracted and the classifier employed. A kernel extreme learning machine especially radial basis function extreme learning machine (RBF-ELM) has emerged as one of the potential classifiers for MPR. However, RBF-ELM should be optimized to work efficiently. This paper proposed an optimization of RBF-ELM parameters using hybridization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a wavelet function. These proposed systems are employed to classify finger movements on the amputees and able-bodied subjects using electromyography signals. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the optimized RBF-ELM is 95.71% and 94.27% in the healthy subjects and the amputees, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimization using PSO only attained the average accuracy of 95.53 %, and 92.55 %, on the healthy subjects and the amputees, respectively. The experimental results also show that SW-RBF-ELM achieved the accuracy that is better than other well-known classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN).

Improved myoelectric pattern recognition of finger movement using rejection-based extreme learning machine Khairul Anam; Adel Al-Jumaily
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 19, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v19i1.16566

Myoelectric control system (MCS) had been applied to hand exoskeleton to improve the human-machine interaction. The current MCS enables the exoskeleton to move all fingers concurrently for opening and closing hand and does not consider robustness issue caused by the condition not considered in the training stage. This study addressed a new MCS employing novel myoelectric pattern recognition (M-PR) to handle more movements. Furthermore, a rejection-based radial-basis function extreme learning machine (RBF-ELM) was proposed to tackle the movements that are not included in the training stage. The results of the offline experiments showed the RBF-ELM with rejection mechanism (RBF-ELM-R) outperformed RBF-ELM without rejection mechanism and other well-known classifiers. In the online experiments, using 10-trained classes, the M-PR achieved an accuracy of 89.73% and 89.22% using RBF-ELM-R and RBF-ELM, respectively. In the experiment with 5-trained classes and 5-untrained classes, the M-PR accuracy was 80.22% and 59.64% using RBF-ELM-R and RBF-ELM, respectively

Multilayer extreme learning machine for hand movement prediction based on electroencephalography Khairul Anam; Cries Avian; Muhammad Nuh
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 6: December 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i6.2626

Brain computer interface (BCI) technology connects humans with machines via electroencephalography (EEG). The mechanism of BCI is pattern recognition, which proceeds by feature extraction and classification. Various feature extraction and classification methods can differentiate human motor movements, especially those of the hand. Combinations of these methods can greatly improve the accuracy of the results. This article explores the performances of nine feature-extraction types computed by a multilayer extreme learning machine (ML-ELM). The proposed method was tested on different numbers of EEG channels and different ML-ELM structures. Moreover, the performance of ML-ELM was compared with those of ELM, Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes in classifying real and imaginary hand movements in offline mode. The ML-ELM with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as feature extraction outperformed the other classification methods with highest accuracy 0.98. So, the authors also found that the structures influenced the accuracy of ML-ELM for different task, feature extraction used and channel used.

Analisis Hasil Elektroforesis DNA dengan Image Processing Menggunakan Metode Gaussian Filter Khairul Anam; Widya Cahyadi; Ihsanul Azmi; Kartika Senjarini; Rike Oktarianti
IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) Vol 11, No 1 (2021): April
Publisher : IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijeis.58268

DNA gel electrophoresis plays an important role in the development of science. However, the process of manually analyzing DNA size is still relatively difficult, time-consuming, and often results an error. This study proposed electrophoresis process using image processing with Gaussian Filter method. Gaussian Filter is used to improve the quality of the image which makes the image clearer. The method was applied using python programming and then embedded into Raspberry pi 3 module. This modul processed images taken by Raspberry pi V1 camera. To realize these taken images, tracking mouse was used. All the images which had been processed were displayed on LCD touchscreen 5 inch. The result shows that the study using Gaussian Filter indicates good performance. This is proved by the lowest error percentage of 0,20% . In addition, compared to previous studies, the largest error percentage is still relatively smaller at 12.41%.

Pengenalan Pola Sinyal Electromyography (EMG) pada Gerakan Jari Tangan Kanan WAHYU MULDAYANI; ARIZAL MUJIBTAMALA NANDA IMRON; KHAIRUL ANAM; SUMARDI SUMARDI; WIDJONARKO WIDJONARKO; ZILVANHISNA EMKA FITRI
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 8, No 3 (2020): ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.591

ABSTRAKSinyal EMG merupakan salah satu sinyal yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan perintah pada kursi roda listrik. Sinyal EMG yang digunakan diambil dari sinyal otot fleksor dan ekstensor yang berada di tangan kanan. Sinyal tersebut diambil menggunakan sensor Myo Armband. Klasifikasi sinyal EMG diambil dari pergerakan jari yang mewakili perintah gerak yaitu jari kelingking untuk bergerak maju, jari manis untuk berhenti, jari tengah untuk belok kanan dan jari telunjuk untuk belok kiri. Setiap sinyal EMG diekstraksi fitur untuk menentukan karakteristik sinyal sehingga fitur yang diperoleh adalah Average Absolute Value, Root Mean Square, Simple Integral Square, EMG Simple Variant and Integrated EMG. Kemudian fitur tersebut digunakan sebagai input dari metode klasifikasi Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation. Jumlah data latih yang digunakan adalah 800 data sedangkan data uji yang digunakan adalah 200 data. Tingkat keberhasilan proses klasifikasi ini sebesar 93%.Kata kunci: electromyogram, artificial neural network, klasifikasi sinyal, tangan kanan, Myo Armband. ABSTRACTEMG signal is one of the signals that can be used to give orders to electric wheelchairs. The EMG signal used is taken from the flexor and extensor muscle signals in the right hand. The signal is taken using the Myo Armband sensor. The EMG signal classification is taken from the movement of the finger which represents the command of motion ie the little finger to move forward, ring finger to stop, middle finger to turn right and index finger to turn left. Each EMG signal is extracted features to determine the signal characteristics so that the features obtained are Average Absolute Value, Root Mean Square, Simple Integral Square, EMG Simple Variant and Integrated EMG. Then the feature is used as input from the Backpropagation classification method. The amount of training data used is 800 data while the test data used is 200 data. The success rate of this classification process is 93%.Keywords: electromyogram, artificial neural network, signal classification, right hand, Myo Armband.

Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi pada Kendaraan Listrik dengan Elektronik Diferensial Berbasis ANN (Artificial Neural Network) SOFYAN AHMADI; KHAIRUL ANAM; WIDJONARKO WIDJONARKO
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 8, No 3 (2020): ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.642

ABSTRAKSeiring dengan perkembangan teknologi kendaraan listrik yang saat ini semakin canggih dan berkembang sangat cepat, upaya pengembangan kendaraan listrik terus dilakukan, salah satunya penggunaan motor BLDC dalam kendaraan listrik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kontrol ANN (Artificial Neural Network) pada mikrokontroler serta metode differential untuk pengontrolan kecepatan putar motor BLDC. Pengujian Percepatan dengan menempuh jarak 200 meter arus rata-rata sebesar 1,05 ampere. Daya rata-rata pada pengujian efisiensi sebesar 101 watt. Hasil efisiensi dari pengujian dengan panjang lintasan sejauh 3,3 km dengan waktu tempuh 10 menit didapatkan hasil efisiensi energi dari sistem kendaraan sebesar 179,34 km/kwh.Kata kunci: Motor BLDC, Elektronik Diferensial, Neural network-Logic, Akselerasi, Efisiensi. ABSTRACTAlong with the development of electric vehicle technology that is currently increasingly sophisticated and growing very fast. efforts to develop electric vehicles continue to be done, one of them the use of BLDC motor in electric vehicles to improve efficiency. In this study using ANN (Artificial Neural Network) control on the microcontroller as well as the differential method for controlling the rotational speed of the BLDC motor. Acceleration Testing with a distance of 200 meters average flow of 1.05 amperes. The average power on the 101 watt efficiency test. The efficiency of the test with the length of the track as far as 3.3 km with the travel time of 10 minutes obtained the efficiency of energy in the vehicle system of 179.34 km / kwh.Keywords: BLDC Motor, Electronic Differential, Neural network-Logic, Acceleration,Efficiency.

Myoelectric Control Systems for Hand Rehabilitation Device: A Review Khairul Anam; Ahmad Adib Rosyadi; Bambang Sujanarko; Adel Al-Jumaily
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Vol 4: EECSI 2017
Publisher : IAES Indonesia Section

One of the challenges of the hand rehabilitation device is to create a smooth interaction between the device and user. The smooth interaction can be achieved by considering myoelectric signal generated by human's muscle. Therefore, the so-called myoelectric control system (MCS) has been developed since the 1940s. Various MCS's has been proposed, developed, tested, and implemented in various hand rehabilitation devices for different purposes. This article presents a review of MCS in the existing hand rehabilitation devices. The MCS can be grouped into main groups, the non-pattern recognition and pattern recognition ones. In term of implementation, it can be classified as MCS for prosthetic and exoskeleton hand. Main challenges for MCS today is the robustness issue that hampers the implementation of MCS on the clinical application.

Steering System of Electric Vehicle using Extreme Learning Machine Sofyan Ahmadi; Khairul Anam; Azmi Saleh
Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Vol 7, No 1: EECSI 2020
Publisher : IAES Indonesia Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eecsi.v7.2096

The development of electric vehicle technology is currently increasing and growing very fast. Some efforts have been conducted, one of which is using BLDC (brushless direct current) motors to improve efficiency. This study utilized extreme learning machine (ELM) embedded on the microcontroller as well as the differential method for controlling the rotational speed of the BLDC motor. The experimental results on the acceleration testing by traveling a distance of 200 meters achieved the average current of 1.09 amperes. The average power efficiency test is 104 watts. Furthermore, the results of the efficiency experiment with a track length of 3.3 km (kilometers) in 10 minutes obtained the energy efficiency of 177.34 km/kWh (kilowatt for one hour)

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