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POTENSI CANGKANG BUAH NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum) SEBAGAI SUMBER RESIN ALAMI Ika Amalia Kartika; Rafiq Izzudin Rabbani; Nancy Dewi Yuliana
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 29 No. 3 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2019.29.3.269

The objective of this work is to extract the resin from Calophyllum fruit shell, and to investigate the effect of solvent type (ethanol and methanol), shell to solvent ratio (1:6 and 1:8)and temperature (30, 40 and 50°C) on resin yield and its property. The experimentation was done using randomized factorial design.In general, solvent type, shell to solvent ratio and temperature affected resin yield and its property. Based on the variance analysis results (α=0.05), the effect of temperature and shell to solvent ratio on resin yield was more evidential than solvent type.The higher the ratio of shell to solvent and the temperature, the resin yield was also increasing. The highest resin yield (7.69% or 75.32% based on potential mass of resin contained in Calophyllum shell) wasobtained at a shell to solvent ratio of 1:8 and a temperature of 50°C with methanol as solvent.The effect of process conditions was very noticeable on total phenol content of resin, while its acid value was only significantly affected by solvent type andshell to solvent ratio. An increase in shell to solvent ratio and temperature improved total phenol content of resin.The highest total phenol content (71.23 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg) was obtained at 1:8 of shell to solvent ratio and 30°C with methanol as solvent. Acid value of resin ranged from 112-145 mg KOH/g, and it positively contained saponins.Calophyllum fruit shell had thus great potential as a natural resin source. Keywords: Calophyllum, ethanol, extraction, fruit shell, methanol, resin

PEMANFAATAN FOAMING AGENT DARI MINYAK SAWIT PADA BETON RINGAN Mukarramah Lubis; Ani Suryani; Ika Amalia Kartika; Erliza Hambali
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 29 No. 3 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2019.29.3.307

Foaming agent contains surfactant that facilitates formation of foam to reduce the surface tension of liquid so that it can easily form bubbles. This time, foaming agent is used to produce lightweight concrete. Surfactant can be produced from fatty acid of palm oil named potassium palmitate and natrium laurate. The aim of this study to formulate a foaming agentfor production of lightweight concrete that could form foam that has best performances. Foaming agent for lightweight concrete was made mixturing from surfactant of potassium palmite and sodium laurate, sodium silicate and water. Design of experiment used was Completely Randomized Factorial Design with α = 5% and Duncan post hoc test with α = 5%. Analysis of variance showed consentration of surfactant and consentration of natrium silicate has significant effect in foam stability, foaming ability, foam size and surface tension.The best formulation of foaming agent was foaming agent made from 15% of surfactant, 5% of natrium silicate and 80% of water. Its performances was foam stability of 92.72%, foaming ability of 173.33%, foam size of 249.54 µm and surface tension of 27.78 dyne/cm. Keywords: foaming agent, palm oil, surfactant, sodium silicate, lightweight concrete

Deacidification And Decoloration (Jatropha Curcas L.) Using Membrane Microfiltration Ika Amalia Kartika; Sri Yuliani; Dhiani Dyahjatmayanti
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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This study focused on the deacidification and decoloration of crude jatropha oil using microfiltration membrane. The experiment was conducted with hydraulic-pressed jatropha oil and polypropylene (PP) membrane hollow fiber with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 0.01 μm and a permeation area of 1 m2. Several tests were carried out to define the best performance (permeate flux, free fatty acid reduction and clarity) by studying the influence of duration and frequency of backflush. Permeate flux was low but remained stable for a long period. No long-term fouling appeared during the membrane processing. The permeate flux increased with transmembrane pressure. In addition, the backflush treatment can recover and increase permeate flux. The higher permeate flux of 8.42 l/m2.h was obtained under duration and frequency of backflush of 6 seconds and 15 times, respectively. Furthermore, microfiltration membrane was found to have a positive effect on color reduction, but was not affective for deacidification. Keyword: Microfiltration, Polypropylene, Jatropha oil, Backflush.

Optimization Of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) Drying In Rubber Seed Oil Extraction For Chamois Leather Tanning Ono Suparno; Ika Amalia Kartika; . Muslich; Gita N. Andayani; Kurnia Sofyan
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Drying is one of the important steps in oil extraction using mechanical pressing. It can decrease oil hydrolysis and increase yield of oil due to the decrease of oil affinity on the material surface and protein coagulation. Therefore, the oil will be released easily from seed in the oil extraction using the hydraulic pressing. Objectives of this research were to determine a combination of temperature and duration of drying of rubber seed prior to oil extraction in order to produce oil with the best yield and physico-chemical properties for chamois leather tanning, and to observe the potency of the rubber seed oil as a leather tanning agent. This research consisted of sortation of rubber seed, rubber seed drying using an oven, oil extraction using a hydraulic pressing, and analysis of physico-chemcal properties of the oil and residue of rubber seed after extracting its oil. Results of the research shows that the higher temperature and duration of rubber seed drying, the higher oil content in residue and colour of the oil, whereas yield, iodine number, acid number, free-fatty acid content of the oil, as well as water content of the rubber seed decreased. Based on the highest of yield and iodine number, the best treatment for the rubber seed drying was drying at 70oC for one hour. This condition resulted in oil with physico-chemical characteristics of oil: yield of 20.52%, colour of 4077 PtCo unit; density of 0.924, viscosity of 160 centipoises, iodine number of 146, acid number of 2.08, FFA of 1.04 %, saponification number of 184.58, and peroxide number of 30.46. The treatment gave oil content in the residue of 9.84 %. The rubber seed oil was potential for substituting fish oil as tanning agent, as it had iodine number of higher than 120.Keywords: drying, rubber seed, oil, oil tanning, tanning agent, chamois leather.

MOISTURE SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF JATROPHA SEEDS AT 20 °C AS A SOURCE OF VEGETABLE OIL FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Ika Amalia Kartika
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 3 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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This research studied the moisture sorption behavior of jatropha seeds by developing a model that correlates the equilibrium moisture (EMC) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) contents as a function of water activity and EMC, respectively. Two sets of sorption-isotherm experiments were performed to describe the relationship of EMC and FFA contents with water activity, both for fresh and dried seeds of Banten and Lampung varieties. The seeds are conditioned in a series of vessel with saturated salts at certain water activity. The EMC were increased following an increase in water activity in either desorption or adsorption. The hysteresis effect is more pronounced at Banten variety than Lampung one. The FFA content of fresh seeds was increased with an increase in water activity, while the FFA content of dried seeds is relatively constant. The moisture sorption behavior of jatropha seeds reveals that like most product, it exhibits the sigmoid pattern. The BET, GAB, Harkins-Jura, Halsey and Oswin models are recommended to be adequate in predicting the amount of moisture adsorbed or desorbed at known humidity. The relationship between EMC and FFA contents shows that the polynomial equation is the best for fresh seeds, and constant equation for dried seeds.Keyword: moisture sorption; jatropha seeds; water activity; equilibrium moisture content;

REFINING OF CALOPHYLLUM OIL AND ITS APPLICATION AS BIOFUEL Ika Amalia Kartika, Syelly Fathiayah, Desrial dan Yohanes Ari Purwanto
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 2 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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BSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the refining of calophyllum oils and its characterization as a biofuel substitute for diesel fuel. The dosage of phosphoric acid solution of 20% (0.2 - 0.3%) and the NaOH concentration (14-18 °Be) were examined to determine the best performance of the refining process and the quality of refined calophyllum oil. The block experimental design and ANOVA (F-test at α = 0.05) were applied to study the effects of dosage of phosphoric acid solution of 20% and NaOH concentration on oil loss and its quality. Generally, the block and the NaOH concentration affected significantly the oil loss and the quality of refined oil. A significant increase of oil loss was observed as increasing of NaOH concentration. The dosage of phosphoric acid solution did not affect the oil loss and the quality of refined oil. However, an increase of the dosage of phosphoric acid solution tended to decrease the ash content and viscosity of refined oil, but did not affect any other parameters. The best treatment for calophyllum oil refining was obtained on the block 1, and the phosphoric acid solution dosage of 0.2% and NaOH concentration of 18 °Be. This treatment gave the oil loss of 36.8%, the acid value of 0.23 mg NaOH/g, the saponification value of 174.93 mg KOH/g, the peroxide value of 7 meq/kg, the ash content of 0.003% and the viscosity of 32.5 cP. The quality of refined calophyllum oil under this optimum condition fulfilled the Biofuel Standard. Keywords: calophyllum oil, degumming, neutralization, biofuel

METHYL ESTER EXTRACTION OF SUNFLOWER OIL IN A TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER Ika Amalia Kartika
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTSunflower oil was extracted from whole sunflower seeds using methyl ester as the solvent. Experiments were conducted in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The oil extraction yield was measured as function of screw configuration and solvent-to-solid (S/S) ratio. The position of the reverse screw elements affected oil extraction yield. Higher oil recovery was produced as the S/S ratio was increased. Up to 90% of the oil was removed from seeds under S/S ratio of 0.65. The methyl ester is thus a promising alternative solvent for extraction of sunflower oil. Keywords : twin-screw extruder, sunflower oil, methyl ester and extraction

PEMODELAN CROSSFLOW MIKROFILTRASI LARUTAN XANTAN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS DIMENSIONAL Ika Amalia Kartika, E.rliza Noor dan Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 16 No. 3 (2006): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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AbstractThe present paper provides a model based on dimensional analysis that gives the basis for design of crossflow microfiltration processes. This gives the permeate flux (Jv) in terms of pressure drop across the filtration membrane P and the velocity v of crossflow of the feed fluid in the membrane tubes. The model is compared with experimental results of xanthan solution. The model has certain similarities with previous ones and can be used for unit optimization.Keywords : microfiltration, crossflow, xanthan, dimensional analysis

EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DAN RESIN NYAMPLUNG DENGAN CAMPURAN PELARUT HEKSAN-ETANOL Ika Amalia Kartika, Desita Dwi Kurnia Sari,Auradelia Febrian Pahan, Ono Suparno,Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 27 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Calophyllum seeds are potential to be used as raw material for vegetable oil production due to their high oil content (75.1% db). In addition, Calophyllum seeds contain resin consistingbeneficial phenolic compounds for health. In this study, Calophyllum seeds were extracted using hexane-ethanol mixture to investigate oil and resin yields and their physicochemical properties, and to obtain the best process condition in oil and resin production from Calophyllum seeds. Experiment was carried out using randomized complete design with threefactors, i.e. extraction times (5-7 h), temperatures (40-50°C), and hexane to ethanol ratios (2:4, 3:3 and 4:2). The result of variance analysis showed that extraction time and hexane to ethanol ratio affected significantly on oil and resin yields, density, acid and iod values, whereas temperature influenced only on oil yield, density and acid value. Best oil (58.2%) and resin (16.2%) yields were respectively obtained at 5h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 4:2 hexane to ethanol ratio, and 5hextraction time, 40°C temperature and 2:4 hexane to ethanol ratio. At these optimum conditions, the oil had acid value of 14.89 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 60.75 g iodine/100 g, viscosity (25°C) of 71.46 mPa.s, and density (25°C) of 0.86 g/cm3. On the other hand, the resin had acid value of 133.76 mg KOH/g. Keywords: Calophyllum, extraction, ethanol, hexane, oil, resin

ABSTRACT The cake of jatropha seed as by product generated from in situ transesterification process contains high protein (34,68%) and it is not yet optimally benefited. In this research, the cake of jatropha seed was benefited to produce binderless particle board. The purpose of this research is to produce the particle board from the cake of jatropha seed generated by in situ transesterification process with protein as natural binder. The particle board production was carried out under the fol Sri Lestari dan Ika Amalia Kartika
E-jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): E-Jurnal Agroindusri Indonesia
Publisher : E-jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia

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ABSTRACT The cake of jatropha seed as by product generated from in situ transesterification process contains high protein (34,68%) and it is not yet optimally benefited. In this research, the cake of jatropha seed was benefited to produce binderless particle board. The purpose of this research is to produce the particle board from the cake of jatropha seed generated by in situ transesterification process with protein as natural binder. The particle board production was carried out under the following process condition : jatropha seed cake moisture content (10- 20%), pressing temperature (140-180oC) and pressing duration (8-12 min). The phisycal and mechanical properties of particle board were tested according to JIS A 5908:2003. Jatropha seed cake moisture content, pressing temperature and pressing duration affected the phisycal and mechanical properties of particle board. The density and moisture content of particle board were respectively 0,79-0,91 g/cm3 and 7,07-10,06%. The swelling in water and water absorpsion after 24 hour water soaking were respectively 14,88-30,60% and 51,67-82,93%, and they were not accordance with JIS A 5908:2003. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of particle board were not also accordance with JIS A 5908:2003. Their value respectively were 20,04-65,99 kgf/cm2 and 2340,90-5150,25 kgf/cm2. Generally, the phisycal and mechanical properties of particle board were not accordance with JIS A 5908:2003 except for density and moisture content. Keywords : cake of jatropha seed, particle board, in situ transesterification

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