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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Zuriat Jurnal Agrium
Hiroshi Ehara
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education

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Laju Asimilasi Bersih dan Laju Tumbuh Relatif Varietas Padi Toleran Kekeringan Pada Sistem Sawah Maisura, Maisura; Chozin, Muhamad Ahmad; Lubis, Iskandar; Junaedi, Ahmad; Ehara, Hiroshi
Agrium Vol 12, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/agrium.v12i1.376

Abstract

Cekaman kekeringan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman diantaranya terjadinya penurunan laju asimilasi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Plastik Lapangan Riset Padi Babakan, University Farm IPB, Bogor (± 240 m dpl) pada bulan September 2011 sampai February 2012. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan split plot 3 ulangan, dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor utama (Cekaman kekeringan) sebagai petak utama yang terdiri dari penghentian pemberian air umur 3Minggu Setelah Transplanting (3MST) sampai panen; Penghentian pemberian air umur  6 MST sampai panen; penghentian pemberian air umur 9 MST sampai panen dan  kontrol.  Sedangkan faktor kedua adalah varietas yang ditempatkan sebagai anak petak yaitu IR 64, Ciherang, IPB 3S, Way Apo Buru, Jatiluhur, Menthik Wangi, Silugonggo dan Rokan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan cekaman kekeringan pada saat awal fase vegetatif sampai panen dan pada fase pra antesis sampai panen menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan laju asimilasi bersih berkisar 42.96%-78.95% dan laju tumbuh relatif berkisar 22.95%-69.62%. Varietas Jatiluhur dan Ciherang memiliki laju asimilasi bersih yang lebih tinggi pada perlakuan cekaman kekeringan yang diberikan pada awal fase vegetatif sampai panen
Studi Karakter Morfologi dan Fisiologi Varietas Padi Toleran Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan Pada Sistem Sawah Maisura, Maisura; Chozin, M A; Lubis, Iskandar; Junaidi, Ahmad; Ehara, Hiroshi
Agrium Vol 14, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/agrium.v14i1.869

Abstract

Water stress is one of factors which causes low yield of lowland. This study aimed to identify and characterize morphology and physiology of drought tolerant rice varieties. Experiments which have conducted: (i) Investigation of rice varieties tolerance to drought stress at early vegetative stage in the laboratory (ii) morphology and physiology characters of rice varieties to drought stress in the paddy field and (iii) determining the character of root of  rice tolerant to drought stress. The experimental design used was split plot design with 3 (three) replications, with drought stress as the main plot and the variety as sub-plot. The result of screening test at the laboratory using PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) which could characterize which rice varieties could be considered as drought tolerant varieties. Results showed that periods of drought increasing the proline content at Ciherang (25.38 μmol) and IPB 3S varieties (22.08 μmol) at 13 WAT (Week After Transplanting). The variety that has the highest total sugar content in the flowering stage is Rokan (289.38 mg.g-1DW) followed by Menthik Wangi (230.53 mg.g1DW), while the lowest sugar content in harvest found in Jatiluhur (17.14 mg.g-1DW) followed by Way Apo Buru (46.99 mg.g-1DW). Jatiluhur, Way Apo Buru and IPB 3S varieties have drought tolerant based on the root characteristic. Ciherang, IPB 3S, Way Apo Buru and Jatiluhur varieties were drought tolerant and potential to be used in paddy field.
Potency of Sago Palm as Carbohydrate Resource for Strengthening Food Security Program Hiroshi Ehara
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 37 No. 3 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (603.275 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v37i3.1255

Abstract

A new competition between biofuel production and food production has occurred in recent years, therefore the development of some new plant resources and their utilization are needed.  Sago palm and related species that can store a large amount of starch in the trunk and can grow under severe environmental conditions are considered to be potential starch resources for not only food production but also ethanol production.  However, even sago palm, an elite species among the starch producing palms, grows under semi-domesicated or natural condition and there are many problems to utilize it.  Thus, the systematic, ecological, physiological, agronomic and economic studies should be carried out for improvement of these species.  Here, the recent research progress is reviewed.  Large variation in morphological characteristics and palm size existed among the folk varieties of sago palm, and the difference in pith dry-matter yield was mainly attributable to trunk diameter and dry-matter content of the pith.  The two key parameters were closely related with soil profile indicating natural fertility.  On the other hand, the genetic distance of sago palm individuals grown in the Malay Archipelago was considered to be related to geographical distribution.  The genetic variation was small in the western area and large in the eastern area.  Sago palm tolerated up to 171mM (1.0%) NaCl concentration in the growth media for comparatively long period.  The salt resistance of sago palm might be due to salt avoidance to mechanically restrict an excess of Na distribution from the roots to leaflets.  The Na influx might be disturbed by the endodermal cells of roots even under 342mM (2.0%) NaCl condition.  Sago palm tolerated severe low pH condition such at pH 3.6 in the growth media for 5 months at least and maintained a low Al3+ concentration in the plant tissues.  Sago palm was considered to have a high tolerance to Al with the Al exclusion ability.  Moreover, the growth of sago palm was stimulated when AlCl3 was added into the growth media with 10ppm Al.  These physiological information on the growth response of sago palm to environmental stresses will be valuable for investigating concrete strategies to introduce new plant resources to barren lands with sterile soil and produce economic plants from poor productivity lands.   Key words:  acid soil, biofuel, genetic variation, Metroxylon, salt stress, starch  
Hirarki dan Diferensiasi Genetik Tanaman Sagu di Indonesia Berdasarkan Penanda RAPD Barahima Abbas; Muhammad Hasyim Bintoro; , Sudarsono; Memen Surahman; Hiroshi Ehara
Zuriat Vol 20, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v20i1.6643

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hirarki dan diferensiasi  genetik tanaman sagu berdasarkan penanda molekuer RAPD. Keragaman genetik tanaman diungkapkan dengan menggunakan 10 jenis primer RAPD yang diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan mesin PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan sebanyak 86 lokus dari 10 primer RAPD yang digunakan pada 100 individu sampel tanaman sagu. Hirarki genetik tanaman sagu menunjukkan bahwa pada level antar individu dan populasi berbeda sangat nyata, sedang pada level pulau berbeda nyata. Diferensiasi genetik sampel tanaman sagu menunjukkan bahwa populasi tanaman sagu mengalami diferensiasi berdasarkan nilai probabilitas Fst dan exact test (chisquare). Populasi dari Pontianak berbeda nyata untuk semua populasi begitu pula populasi dari Selat Panjang berbeda nyata dengan semua populasi kecuali populasi dari Bogor. Hasil kalkulasi diferensiasi genetik menunjukkan bahwa sampel telah mengalami diferensiasi pada level individu, populasi. Berdasarkan observasi, tiap-tiap populasi sagu di tiap-tiap pulau perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai sumber plasma nutfah untuk program kegiatan koleksi plasma nutfah sagu.
Co-Authors AHMAD JUNAEDI Ahmad Junaidi Barahima Abbas Iskandar Lubis M A Chozin Maisura Maisura Memen Surahman Muhammad Hasyim Bintoro Sudarsono