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EVALUATION OF LAND USE WITH REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN (RTRW) USING SATELLITE DATA AND GIS IN BATUR UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK Putu Wira Utama; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 12 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Development in ??Batur UNESCO Global Geopark which has an area of ??19,422.39 ha has increased significantly in recent years. The existence of limited land and to know the suitability of land use, it is necessary to evaluate of land use with regional spatial plan (RTRW). Landsat 8 satellite remote sensing data on 27 September 2017 is used to create land use maps. Land use maps obtained through the process of image classification using supervised classification method and verified by ground check. From this technique result 11 classes of land use. Furthermore, to evaluate of land use suitability was conducted by comparing land use with regional spatial plan (RTRW). In this process, there is an overlay between the land use maps with regional spatial plan (RTRW) map using geographic information system (GIS). The results of evaluation land use in Batur UNESCO Global Geopark with regional spatial plan (RTRW) overall has suitable area 10,863.14 ha (55.93%), not suitable area 8,275.58 ha (42.61%) and not detected/cloud interference 283.67 ha (1.46%).

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED MATTER IN SUMBAWA SEA IGAG SWANDANA; Takahiro Osawa; I Nyoman Merit
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Distribusi Musiman Total Suspended Matter (TSM) di Laut Surnbawa (117" - us· Edan s· - 9· S) telah dilakukan. Data TSM tersebut diperoleh dari 75 stasiun pengukuran pada bulan September 2005 dan 98 stasiun pengukuran pada bulan November 2005 dan April 2006. Besaran sebaran TSM diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan besaran turbidity yang diperoleh dari pengukuran dengan menggunakan alat CTD ( Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) Sensors. Besaran TSM yang diperoleh dari besaran turbidity menggunakan rurnus TSM = 0,65 Tur+ 1,17 (r = 0,85) (Hoshika dan Tanimoto, 1997). Distribusi sebaran TSM pada saat musim hujan menunjukkan bahwa besarnya bervariasi dari L060 sampai 2.951 mg/1 dengan rata-rata sebesar 1.152 mg/1 (n=98), di lain pihak pada saat musim kemarau distribusi sebaran TSM menunjukkan bahwa besarnya bervariasi dari 1.060 sampai 2.899 mg/1 dengan rata-rata sebesar 1.111 mg/I (n=75). Distribusi sebaran TSM secara vertical dari permukaan laut sampai dengan kedalaman 20 meter menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Pada saat musim kemarau distribusi sebaran TSM pada permukaan laut sampai dengan kedalaman 20 meter mempunyai variasi yang kecil (dari 1.079 sampai 1.599 mg/1); Pada saat musim hujan distribusi sebaran TSM pada permukaan laut sampai dengan kedalaman 20 meter mempunyai variasi yang sangat besar (dari 1.079 sampai 2.698 mg/1). Distribusi sebaran TSM dari kedalaman 20 meter sampai dengan 100 meter menunjukkan pola yang sama antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Distribusi sebaran TSM pada permukaan laut (dekat sungai/muara) menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan sebaran antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Demikian juga dengan distribusi sebaran TSM yang diperoleh dari data satelit menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan sebaran antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Perbandingan antara data in situ dengan data satelit menunjukkan bahwa koefisen korelasinya sebesar -0-753 untuk periode penelitian tersebut.

PREDICTION OF MONTHLY RAINFALL BASED ON THE TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR SATELLITE DATA OVER REGION OF INDONESIA R. PRASETIA; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 5 No 2
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Kepulauan Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang mendapatkan curah hujan sepanjang tahun, namun jaringan stasiun pengukuran curah hujan di wilayah ini tidak sepadat atau sebanyak seperti di benua besar lainnya. Oleh karena itu, satelit pengamatan curah hujan merupakan solusi terbaik untuk pengamatan dengan cakupan temporal dan spasial yang memadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk validasi dan prediksi curah hujan bulanan berdasarkan data satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR). Data yang digunakan adalah curah hujan bulanan dari satelit TRMM PR Level3A25 dan in situ data dari BMKG selama periode tahun 2004 - 2008. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa data satelit memberikan nilai lebih rendah dari data observasi, kecuali di wilayah anti-monsunal ( C) dimana data satelit memberikan nilai lebih besar dari data observasi. Pola time series rata-rata hujan bulanan berdasarkan 39 lokasi selama periode lima tahun (2004-2008) menunjukkan pola yang sangat mirip dengan data observasi, dengan memberikan nilai korelasi yang tinggi (r = 0,82-0,98) dan RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) kurang dari SO (mm/bulan). Hasil prediksi curah hujan bulanan dengan menggunakan metode ARIMA (Autoregressive integrated moving average) menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar dari data observasinya dan pola curah hujan bulanannya untuk periode satu tahun (Januari-Desember 2009) memiliki pola kemiripan dengan data observasi.

ESTIMATION OF FISH PRODUCTION AROUND INDONESIA ARCHIPELAGO USING SATELLITE DATA ANAK AGUNG AYU PUTRININGSIH; Takahiro Osawa; I WAYAN REDI ARYANTA
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Indonesia as an archipelagic country has the potentiality of a huge fishery resources and high biodiversity. Fishresources in the waters can be estimated by knowing the content of the primary production (PP) of these waters.The aim of the research are to estimate the variability of environment parameter (SST and Chl-a concentration)and to estimate of PP and fish production (FP), derived from satellite around Indonesia Archipelago.The research was conducted in nine of Indonesia Fisheries Management Area from 2004 to 2006. The PPwas calculated by Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM), which was introduced by Behrenfeld andFalkowski (1997a). The model introduced by Pauly and Christensen (1995) calculated the FP. The estimationof FP from model was compared to the FP data from the Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources ofIndonesia.In the territorial waters of Indonesia Archipelago the highest variations of average SST and Chl-a was estimatedat Arafuru Sea, whereas the lowest variation was estimated at Sulawesi Sea and Pacific Ocean. The total annualfish production from the model showed the highest and the lowest values were estimated at Indian Ocean(1,614,135.44 tons) and Malacca Strait (268,305.64 tons), respectively. On the other hand, the total annualfish production from Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources of Indonesia showed the highest and thelowest values were estimated at Java Sea (850,151 tons) and Banda Sea (198,078 tons), respectively. The highestcorrelation between fish production from satellite data and the data from Department of Marine and FisheriesResources of Indonesia was found at Arafuru Sea with R = 0.97. The nine fisheries areas of Indonesia during2004 to 2006 were categorized as fully until over exploited fishing zone.

STUDY OF CHLOROPHYLL-A DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOMBOK STRAIT USING BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL BASED ON REGIONAL OCEAN MODELLING SYSTEM (ROMS) KADEK ARY ANGGRENI; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Regional Ocean Modelling System atau Sistem Pemodelan Laut Regional (ROMS) telah digunakan untuk bermacam keperluan, bermacam pemodelan kelautan. Model Biogeokimia yang dipasangkan dengan ROMS terdiri dari tujuh pasang bagian persamaan yang berbeda-beda mencakup: nitrat, amonium, detritus kecil dan besar, fitoplankton, zooplankton, dan karbon fitoplankton yang dinamis menjadi suatu rasio klorofi.1. Studi pola penyebaran klorofil-a di Selat Lombok (-7 °N - -10 °5 dan 114 °E - 117 °E) pada tahun 2006 telah dianalisis menggunakan model Biogeokimia berdasar pada ROMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran klorofil-a teramati rendah (0,20 mgChl-a/m3 ) di Selat Lombok pada bulan Januari. Klorofil-a diperkirakan di bagian sebelah selatan Selat Bali dan penyebaran klorofil-a rendah pada lapisan atas dari Selat Lombok. Klorofil-a berlimpah (0,32 mgChl-a/m3 ) teramati di bulan Agustus. Arah arus timur laut bergerak kearah barat clan bagian selatan di daerah penelitian melalui Selat Lombok. Konsentrasi klorofil-a tertinggi diperkirakan di sebelah utara hingga bagian barat daya Pulau Bali clan juga di bagian selatan Pulau Lombok. Selama musim kering, angin arah tenggara berhembus dari Australia memicu terjadinya proses upwelling ( temperatur rendah clan air yang kaya nutrien di dekat permukaan) juga diperkirakan berdasarkan ROMS.

STUDY OF CHLOROPHYLL-A DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOMBOK STRAIT USING BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL BASED ON REGIONAL OCEAN MODELLING SYSTEM (ROMS) KADEK ARY ANGGRAENI; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 7 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) has been intended to be a multi-purpose, multi-disciplinary oceanic modeling tool. The Biogeochemical model have coupled to ROMS consists of a system of seven coupled partial differential equations that include: nitrate, ammonium, small and large detritus, phytoplanJ..'ton, zooplankton, and a dynamic phytoplanJ..-ton carbon to chlorophyll ratio. The study of distribution patterns of chlorophyll-a in Lombok Strait (-7 °N - ·10 •sand 114 "E - 117 °E) in 2006 was analyzed using the Biogeochemical model based on ROMS. The results show that low chlorophyll-a distributions (0.20 mgChl-a/m3) observed in Lombok Strait in ,January. Chlorophyll-a estimated around the southern part of Bali Strait and low chlorophyll-a distribution in upper layer of the Lomhok Strait. Chlorophyll-a of the booming (0.32 mgChl-a/m3) observed in August. The northeast current direction moves to the west and southern part of research area through Lombok Strait. The highest chlorophyll-a concentration estimated in the northern and southwestern part of Bali Tsland and also in the southern part of Lombok Island. During dry monsoon, southeasterly wind blow from Australia generates upwelling process (low temperature and nutrient-rich water near the surface) also estimated from ROMS.

STUDY OF RUNOFF IN UNDA WATERSHED SATRIA WAHYU 0ETOM0; Takahiro Osawa; I Nyoman Merit
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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When rain falls on the earth, it just does not sit there, it starts moving according to the laws of gravity. A portion of the precipitation seeps into the ground to replenish Earth's groundwater. Most of it flows downhill as runoff. Runoff is extremely important in that not only does it keep rivers and lakes full of water, but it also changes the landscape by the action of erosion. The purpose and objective in this study are to estimate the conditions of land cover of Unda Watershed based on the results of image processing, to estimate the monthly average runoff and discharge in outlet of Unda Watershed from 1999 to 2003. The research location is in Unda Watershed. This watershed lies in Province of Bali which has wide 233.1 km2 (23.310 Ha) (Balai Wilayah Sungai Bali-Penida). Administratively this watershed lies in 3 Regencies that are Karangasem, Klungkung and Bangli Regency. Mostly the region lies in the Karangasem Regency. In this research, the monthly rainfall data employed to generate the runoff process. Analyze of contour map from topography map obtained the watershed area, physical parameter of river and concentration time. In this research used monthly average rainf all data (from 1999 to 2003) from Pempatan, Besakih, Singarata, Sidemen, Klungkung, Telengan, Rain Gauge Station and Polygon Thiesen method employed to analyze the datas. Apart of rainfall, there are a number of site specific factors which have a direct bearing on the occurrence and volume of runoff, they are soil type, land cover and slope. The soil types in this research area are all Regosol, this soil mapping does not need to be overlayed in obtaining the land unit. Analyze of land cover was employed by Supervised Classification method. By image processing obtained land cover of Unda Watershed estimated consists of 38.129 km2 of forest area (16.357°Ai), 19.122 km2 of grassland area (8.203%), 100.991 km2 of farmland area (43.325%), 62-412 km2 of area housing (26.775%), 2.625 km2 of water area (1.126%), 4.046 km2 of cloud area (1.736%), 2.327 km2 cloud shadows (0.998%) and 3-448 km2 of stone area (1.749%). The results of runoff by Nakayasu Unit Hydrograph and Melchior Method gives quite similar patterns. The Melchior method gives higher runoff values. This method estimates total runoff while Nakayasu Unit Hydrograph estimates runoff by dividing rainfall into hours. By Nakayasu Unit Hydrograph Method showed the average of monthly average runoff were 10.61 m3/s and 18.67 m3/s by Melchior Method. The different percentage between these methods was 59.71%. By summing runoff and the baseflow obtained river discharge and the average of river discharge in this thesis was 22.63 m3/s. Observed river discharge from Water Level Recorder (WLR) Unda Dam was used in validation, the average of monthly average river discharge was 18.24 m3/s. The different percentage between these methods was 66.37%.

BOTTOM TYPES IDENTIFICATION IN SHALLOW CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS USING IMAGERY SATELLITE DATA MASITA DWI MANDINI MANESSA; TASUKU TANAKA; Takahiro Osawa
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 7 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Satellite data provide information about spectral signatures of objects in detail, based on the wide range of spectral wavelengths. Bottom types in a coral reef Ecosystems are diverse and each object has a different spectral signature. The aim of this research is to define bottom types using Multispectral and Hyperspectral imagery satellite data. Six processes were applied to Hyperspectral Images to identified bottom types using modification of Analytical Imaging and Geophysics LLC (AIG) hyperspectral analysis. The multispectral analysis was focused on correcting water column noise by applying the radiative water column algorithm (Lyzenga, 1978, 1981) and the modified image correction algorithm (Lyzenga et al., 2006). The results showed that multispectral image analysis was able to identify a fine complexity of b bottom types classes with 68.57% overall accuracy. In contrast, Hyperion image identified a coarse complexity of bottom types classes with 61.57% overall accuracy. This low result was caused by low spatial resolution which created a mixing pixel around image of thin and narrow shallow coral reef ecosystem. Spatial resolution, atmosphere and water scattering played an important role in bottom types identification.

STUDY OF POTENTIAL FISHING GROUND FOR SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis) in SAWU SEA EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE USING REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE AND FISHERY DATA IRMA YULIA MADJID; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 7 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Indonesia's marine waters contain natural resources, especially biological resources, such as fish abundant and diverse. Skipjack tuna is one of the pelagic fish that have a high commercial value and eao be found in the sea water of the eastern part of Indonesia, especially in the sea waler of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study employed the average composite data of Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll-a and Photosyntetically Active Radiation (PAR) are got from Aqua MODJS satellite in 2006, and wind speed data from Quickscat satellite. Vertieally Generalized Production Model (VGPM) was proposed by Behrenfeld and Falkowski (1997) was used to estimate the Primary Production (PP). The Fish Production was estimated using the formula wa.???? proposed by Pauly and Christensen (1995). Fish Production in-situ data were provided by Ministry of Ma,ine and Fisheries East N\lsa Tenggara Province in 2006 that was 4,685.75 ton/year. Potential fishing zone for Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pe/amis) was divided in Lo Southeast, Transition II, and Northwest monsoon. At Northwest monsoon was low potential fishing ground. The good fishing zone was observed in western part of Sawu Sea. The Estimation of higher fish catching estimated during Southeast and Transition II monsoon. The results of Primary Production (PP) showed the same patterns with Chlorophyll-a. The estiination of fish production in Sawu Sea was 6,563.08 ton/year. With comparing between fish production estimation and fish production from Ministry of Marine and Fisheris data showed the utilization rate was 71.39 % in Sawu Sea. The correlation between SST and fish catching was low (-0.25) and the correlation between Chlorophyll-a and fish catching in Sawu Sea was low (0.12). The correlation between Chlorophyll-a and SST in Sawu Sea showed inversely relationships (correlation coefficient of -0.24 and has a different and opposite patterns). The correlation between Primary Production (PP) and Chlorophyll-a showed close relationships of 0.98 (R=o.98).

CORAL REEF CONDITION DETECTED IN MENJANGAN AND NUSA PENIDA ISLAND USING ALOS/AVNIR-2 SATELLITE DATA IDA AYU UTARI DEWI; Takahiro Osawa; I Wayan Arthana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 6 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Wisata terumbu karang sangat diminati oleh wisatawan dalam negeri maupun manca negara. Pulau Menjan gan dan Nusa Penida merupakan salah satu lokasi wisata yang yang sangat diminati karena memiliki ekosistem pesisir seperti terumbu karang, hutan bakau, rumput laut dan lain-lain memiliki kekayaan yang beranekaragam. Dalam penelitian ini, data satelit ALOS (AVNIR-2) yang memiliki 3 spektrum tampak yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi daerah penyebarannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk mengetahui sebaran terumbu karang secara umum di Pulau Men jangan dan Pulau Nusa Penida dan 2) Untuk mengetahui perubahan terumbu karang di Pulau Menjangan dan Pulau Nusa Penida. Akurasi yang baik (Nusa Penida 81,213% (2007), 80,334% (2009), Menjangan 85,555% (2007), 84,285% (2009)) diperkirakan karena sebagian besar daerah pelatihan sesuai dengan data lapangan. Akurasi dari citra satelit tanpa metode Lyzenga di Nusa Penida Island itu lebih rendah dari keakuratan citra satelit di Pulau Men jangan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh 3 faktor-faktor seperti kesalahan klasifi.kasi sesuai dengan interaksi kompleks dari tata ruang topografi, informasi kesalahan definisi dari kelas spektral dan kesalahan pada citra satelit itu sendiri. Hasil persebaran Pulau Menjangan menunjukkan luasan tutupan terumbu karang 49,04 hektar pada tahun 2009 dan 51,06 hektar pada tahun 2007 dengan perubahan luas terumbu karang meliputi 2102 hektar tingkat persentase 3,95%. Nusa Penida menunjukkan luasan tutupan terumbu karang 399 66 hektar pada tahun 2009 dan 339,65 hektar pada tahun 2007 dan , perubahan cakupan terumbu karang 60.01 hektar tingkat presentase 17,6%. Penurunan terumbu karang di pulau menjangan terjadi karena seperti suhu, serangan predator, gelom bang besar dan aktivitas manusia. Terutama pada suhu tinggi yaitu 30° pada Nopember 2001, Desember 20021 Desember 2006, Desember 2007, November 2008, April 2009, April 2010 dan Desember 2010 Suhu yang tinggi tampaknya memberikan kerusakan besar terhadap terumbu karang sehingga terjadi pemutihan terumbu karang. Peningkatan terumbu karang di nusa penida karena dipengaruhi oleh suhu perairan di Nusa Penida yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan karang.

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