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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Darmadi Darmadi
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh - 23111
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

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Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite Marwan Marwan; Eti Indarti; Darmadi Darmadi; Wahyu Rinaldi; Dzikri Hamzah; Taufik Rinaldi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2452.193 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4250.672-677

Abstract

Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition. 
Co-Authors Dzikri Hamzah Eti Indarti Marwan Marwan Taufik Rinaldi Wahyu Rinaldi