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Relation between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia and the Legislators according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Laksono, Fajar; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Hidayat, Arief; Safaat, Muchammad Ali
Constitutional Review Vol 3, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

This research aims to analyze and to describe the relation between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (CC) with the People Representativesâ Council and the President of the Republic of Indonesia as legislators by looking on implementation of CCâs decision through the legislation in the period 2004-2015. Using doctrinal research, it can be seen how the constitutional mandate in the CCâs decision are implemented by the legislator through the legislation. The results are: (a) legal opinions of the CCâs decision have a binding power; (b) a constitutional mandate in the legal opinion is intended as guidance for the legislators regarding what the 1945 Constitution requires; (c) directives to the legislator in the legal opinions should be implemented because it is the implementation of the principle of checks and balances according to the 1945 Constitution, (d) implementation of the CCâs decisions through legislation does not have standard mechanism and does not become the priority of legislation, and (e) relation between the CC with the legislators can not be categorized in black and white in cooperative or confrontative, but shows ups and downs between cooperative and confrontative relations. Cooperative relations are realized when the constitutional mandate is formulated strongly so it is implemented by the legislator as the formula. Relationships tend to be cooperative in the implementation of the constitutional mandate of the decision, but not a priority of legislation. Meanwhile, the confrontative relations is seen from the constitutional mandate of the CC decisions which are not implemented.

The Criticism on the Meaning of âOpen Legal Policyâ in Verdicts of Judicial Review at the Constitutional Court Mardian Wibowo Wibowo, Mardian; Nurjaya, I Nyoman; Safaat, Muchammad Ali
Constitutional Review Vol 3, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In several verdicts of judicial review, the Constitutional Court formulates a concept of Open Legal Policy. The concept begins from a condition when a norm of law submitted to judicial review by the 1945 Constitution does not have reference in the 1945 Constitution. In other words, the open legal policy is a condition when the Constitutional Court cannot find any reference for the norm submitted to the judicial review. By using a construction method, this present research tries to find the meaning of a concept of open legal policy arranged by the Constitutional Court, then assessing whether the concept is in line with the spirit of judicial review. If the formulation of the concept done by the Constitutional Court has not been ideal, the deconstruction will be conducted toward the meaning that already exists until the open legal policy ideal with the perspective of the constitution is found. In this research, the finding shows different meaning of open legal policy between various verdicts of the Constitutional Court. Moreover, a new meaning is proposed including improvement of criteria of the open legal policy based on the difference between the object of regulation (what) and the content of the regulation (how).

Pengujian Ketentuan Penghapusan Norma dalam Undang-Undang Ali Safa’at, Muchamad
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 7, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Theoretically and practically (judicial review), include two types, namely formal verification (formale toetsingrecht) and material verification (materielle toetsingrecht). The formal verification is an authority of assessing whether or not a legislative product is produced in accordance with the prevailing procedures. While a material verification is an authority to examine and measure whether or not a legal regulation contradicts with a higher level regulation, as well as whether or not an authority has the right to establish a certain regulation. Article 51 paragraph (3) of Law Number 24 Year 2003 regarding Constitutional Court state about it. In this context, material verification include extensive material, ie the whole matter of law, in part, or a small part of a word or even punctuation that can affect the norm. Thus, the provisions not only affect the meaning, but even the existence of a norm should be examined by the Constitutional Court. In addition, the loss of norms can violate constitutional the rights of citizens’.

Pola Penafsiran Konstitusi dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Periode 2003 - 2008 dan 2009 - 2013 Safaat, Muchamad Ali; Widiarto, Aan Eko; Suroso, Fajar Laksono
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Artikel ini berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang mengangkat permasalahan bagaimana pola penafsiran konstitusi putusan-putusan MK dalam perkara Pengujian Undang- Undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah; (1) tidak semua pertimbangan hukum putusan MK dalam perkara pengujian Undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar memberikan penafsiran terhadap ketentuan UUD 1945 yang menjadi batu uji; (2) penafsiran yang digunakan dalam putusan MK pada umumnya adalah penafsiran originalis;(3) Hanya ada tiga putusan yang menggunakan penafsiran non originalis dengan pendekatan doktrin dan hukum alam, serta pendekatan etik; dan (4) tidak terdapat hubungan terpola antara metode penafsiran yang digunakan dengan bidang hukum ketentuan konstitusi maupun periodesasi hakim konstitusi.

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Constitutional Perspective Ali Safa’at, Muchamad
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation’s ethical responsibly to their social and natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on Environmental Management.The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional Court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on Limited Liability Company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that the court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the Constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basis of the decision is Article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and Article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The Constitutional Court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law.In constitutional law perspective, we can justify the CSR mandatory law from human rights guarantee on the constitution. CSR is one of the obligations to respect, to protect, to fulfill, and to promote human rights. Those obligations are not only bind over the government, but also corporation and all citizens. In that perspective, CSR should be mandatory law not only for the corporation which manage or correlate with natural resource, but for all corporations that operate in the middle of the society.

Conditional Decisions as Instrument Guarding the Supremacy of the Constitution (Analysis of conditional decisions of Indonesian Constitutional Court in 2003 â€“ 2017) Safa'at, Muchamad Ali; Eko Widiarto, Aan
Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Contemporary Issue in Private Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2021.008.01.06

The function of the Indonesian Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution is mainly conducted through the judicial review authority. Since 2003 to April 2021, the Constitutional Court has received and decided 1392 petitions over judicial review. In its dictums, the Constitutional Court often declares conditionally constitutional or conditionally unconstitutional (conditional decision). Conditional decision is a decision of the Court that declare the reviewed norm conditionally constitutional or unconstitutional. The norm is constitutional if interpreted pursuant to the Court interpretation, or the norm is unconstitutional if interpreted in certain ways. This research is aimed to investigate the criteria of judicial review decisions which declares conditionally constitutional and conditionally unconstitutional in accordance with the characteristics of norms of the law reviewed. The analysis was limited to the Court decisions from 2003 to 2017. The research result indicates that distinguishing characters of norms reviewed have no correlation with the option between conditionally constitutional or conditionally unconstitutional. Â Conditionally Constitutional Decision was used by the court before replaced by Conditionally Unconstitutional Decision due to the weakness of decision implementation. For conditionally unconstitutional decisions are connected to the substance of the decision which create new norm that replace, limit, or elaborate reviewed norm. Conditional decision is still required as a consequence of the following three aspects: enforcement of the supremacy of the constitution, presumption of validity, and strengthening the execution of Constitutional Court decisions.

The Politics of Indonesia's Decentralization Law Based on Regional Competency Prasetyo, Ngesti Dwi; Fadli, Moh.; Anshari SN, Tunggul; Ali Safaâ€™at, Muchamad
Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Vol 8, No 2 (2021): State Administration Role in Establishing Constitutional Obligation
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2021.008.02.01

Local governments have undergone various regulatory developments since Indonesia's independence 75 years ago. Various aspects underlying the development and changes in local government policies can be analyzed using several approaches, such as historical, philosophical, and sociological. This paper will discuss how the legal politics of the development of local government implementation, especially in terms of decentralization. Furthermore, the author will explain about the opportunities for implementing decentralization based on regional capacity to promote welfare of society. This research is normative juridical research using historical approach, conceptual approach, and legal approach. It can be said that the implementation and development of local government implementation is strongly influenced by various aspects other than the legal factor itself. Furthermore, there is still the possibility of implementing decentralization based on regional capacity as an effort to promote social welfare.

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Constitutional Perspective Muchamad Ali Safa’at
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation’s ethical responsibly to their social and natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on Environmental Management.The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional Court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on Limited Liability Company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that the court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the Constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basis of the decision is Article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and Article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The Constitutional Court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law.In constitutional law perspective, we can justify the CSR mandatory law from human rights guarantee on the constitution. CSR is one of the obligations to respect, to protect, to fulfill, and to promote human rights. Those obligations are not only bind over the government, but also corporation and all citizens. In that perspective, CSR should be mandatory law not only for the corporation which manage or correlate with natural resource, but for all corporations that operate in the middle of the society.

Pengujian Ketentuan Penghapusan Norma dalam Undang-Undang Muchamad Ali Safa’at
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 7, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Theoretically and practically (judicial review), include two types, namely formal verification (formale toetsingrecht) and material verification (materielle toetsingrecht). The formal verification is an authority of assessing whether or not a legislative product is produced in accordance with the prevailing procedures. While a material verification is an authority to examine and measure whether or not a legal regulation contradicts with a higher level regulation, as well as whether or not an authority has the right to establish a certain regulation. Article 51 paragraph (3) of Law Number 24 Year 2003 regarding Constitutional Court state about it. In this context, material verification include extensive material, ie the whole matter of law, in part, or a small part of a word or even punctuation that can affect the norm. Thus, the provisions not only affect the meaning, but even the existence of a norm should be examined by the Constitutional Court. In addition, the loss of norms can violate constitutional the rights of citizens’.

Kebijakan Pengelolaan Tambang dan Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang Berkeadilan Ekologis Muchamad Ali Safaat; Aan Eko Widiarto; Fajar Laksono Suroso
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: pertama, bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan berdasarkan undang-undang pertambangan mineral dan batubara? Kedua, bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan perspektif masyarakat hukum adat yang berkeadilan ekologis? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan berdasarkan undang-undang pertambangan mineral dan batubara saat ini hendaknya disesuaikan dengan putusan-putusan mahkamah konstitusi dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dalam konteks perizinan. Pemerintah daerah provinsi sekarang ini mengambil alih kewenangan pemerintah kabupaten/kota untuk mengeluarkan izin tambang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 yang sebenarnya masih bersifat semi sentralistik dan secara kewilayahannya dalam konteks tambang masih berada di kabupaten, sementara pemerintah provinsi sebagai wakil dari pemerintah pusat; kedua, Kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan perspektif masyarakat hukum adat yang berkeadilan ekologis terletak pada konsep kearifan masyarakat hukum adat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, dalam hal ini tambang yang menjadi hak penguasaan negara. Terdapat hubungan timbal balik antara manusia dengan alam, dimana masyarakat hukum adat selalu menempatkan keseimbangan alam dalam pengelolaan lingkungan (participerend cosmisch), sehingga keadilan ekologis dapat dirasakan semua unsur alam, selain manusia.The problems in this paper are: first, what are the mining resource management policies based on mineral and coal mining laws? and second, how is the mining resource management perspective of the ecological justice community indigenous people? This research method uses normative legal research with the classification of secondary data including primary legal materials including legislation in the fields of mineral and coal mining, environmental protection and management, and regional government. Secondary legal material in the form of books and journals, while secondary legal material in the form of online news. Data analysis using qualitative juridical analysis. The results of this study are first, current mining resource management policies based on mineral and coal mining laws should be adjusted to the decisions of the constitutional court and Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government in the context of licensing. The provincial government is currently taking over the authority of the district / city government to issue mining permits under Law No. 23 of 2014 which are actually still semi-centralistic and in the territory in the context of mines still in the district, while the provincial government is the representative of the central government; secondly, the policy of managing mining resources from the perspective of indigenous peoples with ecological justice lies in the concept of indigenous peoples’ wisdom in managing natural resources, in this case mining which is the state’s right of control. There is a reciprocal relationship between humans and nature, where customary law communities always place natural balance in environmental management (participerend cosmisch), so that ecological justice can be felt by all elements of nature, other than humans.

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