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All Journal Reaktor TEKNIK Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences

Hantoro Satriadi

Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro Jln. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50239, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058

Author-ID : 374475

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN MIKROALGA LIAR Satriadi, Hantoro; ., Widayat; ., Hadiyanto; Irzandi, Uray; Yonas, Riky
Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik Vol 1, No 1 (2012): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 3 2012
Publisher : Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Industri kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah cair yang dikenal palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME memiliki kandungan BOD sebesar 230 mg/L dan COD sekitar 700 mg/L sehingga tidak dapat dibuang langsung ke lingkungan. Pengolahan yang umum dilakukan adalah pengolahan fisika dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pengolahan POME dengan menggunakan mikroalga liar, dimana dipelajari konsentrasi urea (N) dan ammonium bikarbonat (C). Respon yang diamati adalah konsentrasi biomassa sebagai optical density setiap harinya sampai diperoleh nilai konstan. Prosedur analisis dengan alat spektrofotometri. Limbah setelah operasi dianalisis nilai COD dan BOD Prosedur percobaan yang dilakukan berupa pencampuran POME dan mikroalga kedalam bioreaktor sesuai perbandingan yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalaga liar yang diperoleh di Jurusan Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP mampu mengolah POME, dimana pengaruh pemberian nutrient C dan N terhadap COD dan BOD, bahwa semakin tinggi penambahan unsur C dan N semakin besar penurunan nilai COD dan BODnya. Kondisi optimum untuk pengolahan limbah industri kelapa sawit dengan teknologi mikroalga pada media perbandingan 1 volume mikroalga berbanding 3 volume POME dengan nutrient 40 ppm urea dan 120 ppm NaHCO3. Kata kunci: POME, Mikroalga liar, BOD, COD, optical density

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS DAN PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI BLENDING MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (PALM OIL) DAN MINYAK KELAPA (COCONUT OIL) DAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Satriadi, Hantoro; Nafiega, Favian; Widayat, W.; Dipo, Rheza
TEKNIK Vol 35, No 2 (2014): (Desember 2014)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Keterbatasan solar sebagai sumber energi bahan bakunya tidak dapat diperbaharui menuntut adanya bahan baku alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui dan ramah lingkungan untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Reaksi utama produksi biodiesel adalah esterifikasi dan transestirifikasi yang berlangsung lambat dan membutuhkan banyak katalis dan alkohol. Reaksi yang terjadi belum sempurna dan belum memenuhi standar SNI dan ASTM. Untuk memperbaiki mutu biodiesel serta menghasilkan yield maksimal, maka dilakukan blending bahan baku antara minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kelapa dan dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel perbandingan volume minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kelapa, perbandingan volume methanolminyak, dan persentase berat katalis terhadap minyak terhadap hasil atau yield biodiesel. Alat utama yang digunakan adalah reaktor yang dilengkapi pembangkit gelombang ultrasonic dengan temperature 60 oC, tekanan 1 atm, volume 3 liter, dan frekuensi 28 kHz. Variabel proses pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan volume minyak sawit dan kelapa 2:1, 3:1, dan 4:1, pebandingan volume metanol-minyak 0,2:1, 0,25:1, dan 0,3:1, dan persentase berat katalis KOH terhadap minyak 0,3%, 0,5%, dan 0,7%. Hasil penelitian didapat konversi tertinggi dicapai pada variabel perbandingan volume minyak sawit dan kelapa 3:1, perbandingan volume metanol/minyak 0,25:1, dan persentase berat katalis terhadap minyak dengan yield 97,26%.[A Improvement of Quality and Process for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Blends with Ultrasound Assisted] Limitations of solar energy as a source of raw material cannot be renewed demands for alternative raw materials that are renewable and environmentally friendly for the manufacture of biodiesel. The main production of biodiesel reaction is esterification and transestirifikasi which runs slow and requires a lot of alcohol and a catalyst. Reactions that happen yet perfect, and has not met the standard of SNI and ASTM. To improve the quality of biodiesel as well as produce maximum yield, then do the blending of raw materials between Palm oil and coconut oil and with the help of ultrasonic waves. This research aims to study the influence of variable ratio of the volume of palm oil and coconut oil, methanol-oil volume ratio, and the percentage of weight of the catalyst to oil to biodiesel results or yield. The main tool used by the reactors are equipped with ultrasonic wave generator temperature 60 oC, pressure 1 atm, 3 liters of volume, and frequency 28 kHz. Process variables in this study is a comparison of the volume of palm oil and coconut 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, ratio volume of methanol-oil 0.2:1, 0.25:1, and 0,31:1, and the percentage of weight of KOH catalyst to oil 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%. Results of the study had the highest conversion achieved at variable volume ratio of palm oil and coconut 3:1, a comparison of the volume of methanol/oil 0.25:1, and the percentage of the weight of oil with the catalyst to yield 97,26%.Copyright (c) by Fakultas Teknik, Undip. All right reserved.

KINETIKA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM ASETAT MENJADI TRIACETIN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT Satriadi, Hantoro
TEKNIK Vol 36, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar diesel. Gliserol merupakan produk dengan produksi biodiesel dari reaksi transesterifikasi. Gliserol saat diesterifikasi dengan asam asetat untuk membentuk triacetin. Kegunaan triacetin sangat baik untuk makanan dan non makanan. Untuk bahan makanan, triacetin dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aroma dalam permen, minuman dari susu, minuman ringan dan permen karet. Adapun non-makanan dapat digunakan untuk pelarut pada parfum, tinta cetak, pelarut dalam rasa, plasticizer untuk resin selulosa, polimer dan co-polimer, bahkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aditif bahan bakar untuk mengurangi knocking di mesin mobil. Dalam penelitian ini akan diperoleh kondisi optimum pembuatan triacetin. Volume total gliserol dan asam asetat 600 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan berat katalis adalah 5% berat gliserol. Dalam penelitian ini proses analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen FTIR telah mendeteksi adanya produk triacetin. Hasil analisis kuantitatif diperoleh persamaan kecepatan reaksi esterifikasi dan kondisi optimum yang dihasilkan pada rasio mol reagen gliserol dan asam asetat 1:7 dengan temperatur 120 oC pada menit ke-5 dengan nilai konversi sebesar 67,63%. [Title: Kinetics of Esterification Reaction of Triacetin Formation from Glycerol and Acetic Acid Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst] Biodiesel, as one of alternative energy, is expected to replace diesel fuel. Glycerol is a by product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction. The glycerol was esterified with acetic acid to form triacetin. The triacetin was useful for food and non- food application. For food application, the triacetin can be used as a fragrance ingredient in candy, beverages from milk, soft drinks and chewing gum. Meanwhile, for non-food materials, it can be used for solvent triacetin on perfumes, printing ink, solvent in flavor, plasticizer for cellulose resin, polymer and co-polymers, it can even be used as fuel additives to reduce knocking in car engines. In this study, the research results in optimum conditions on manufacturing triacetin. Total volume of glycerol and acetic acid is 600 ml, stirring speed is 100 rpm and the catalyst laoding is 5 wt.% glycerol. From qualitative analysis using FTIR, the triacetin product was detected. From quantitative analysis, the rate equation of esterification reaction and optimum conditions were resulted at mole ratio of glycerol and acetic acid of eagents 1:7, temperature of 120 0C at 5 minutes process and the conversion of 67.63%.

Kinetic Study of Kapok Seed Oil Esterification using BMIM-PF6 Catalyst Bagus Agang Sudrajat; Widayat Widayat; Ngurah Widiantara; Hantoro Satriadi; Maria Siahaan; Wira Pinem
Reaktor Volume 20 No.3 September 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biodiesel offers better combustion efficiency, lower sulfur content and aromatic compounds, higher cetane numbers than diesel fuel, biodegradable and renewable properties that are not possessed by conventional fuels such as diesel fuel. This study aims to study the modeling of esterification process of Kapok seed oil using 3 % liquid ionic catalyst 1-Butyl-3-MethydidazoliumHexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6). The validation results of reaction kinetic models for experiments and simulations provide an adjacent correlation value, that is R2 = 0.99526, with the rate constant value (k) based on experimental data are 0.003815 L/mol.s and 0.0038 L/mol.s for the simulation data. Based on the simulation results, the proper reaction order for this esterification reaction is the first order reaction equation with a value of R2 = 0.99526, while the second order reaction gives the value R2 = 0.89453. The reaction kinetics parameters obtained from the experimental results are A = 0.012 L/mol.s and -Ea = -0.437 kJ/mol, while the reaction parameters of the simulation are A = 1.0384 L/mol.s and -Ea = -89.5 kJ/mol.Keywords: Esterification, Ionic Liquid Catalyst, Kinetic

PRODUKSI TRIACETIN DENGAN PROSES ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM ASETAT MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT Ika Windrianto K. H; Hantoro Satriadi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2945.276 KB)

Biodiesel is one alternative energy that is expected to replace diesel fuel. Glycerol is a by product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction. Glycerol when esterified with acetic acid to form triacetin. Triacetin usability very much both for food and non food. For groceries, triacetin can be used as a fragrance ingredient in candy, beverages from milk, soft drinks and chewing gum. As for the non-food materials can be used for solvent triacetin on perfumes, printing ink, solvent in flavor, plasticizer for cellulose resin, polymer and co-polymers, it can even be used as fuel additives to reduce knocking in car engines. In this study will be obtained under optimum conditions of manufacture of triacetin. Glycerol and total volume of 600 ml acetic acid, stirring speed of 100 rpm and the catalyst was 5 wt% glycerol. In this study the process of qualitative analysis using FTIR instrument has detected the existence of triacetin product. Besides the quantitative analysis obtained under optimum conditions resulted in mole ratio of reagents 1:7 glycerol and acetic acid to a temperature of 1200C at 5 minutes with the conversion rate of 67.6323 %.

OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK DARI BLENDING MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DAN MINYAK JARAK (JATROPHA CURCAS OIL) Aji Baharsyah; S Supriyandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (568.391 KB)

Limitations of diesel which is a non-renewable energy sources, requires alternative fuels to renewable and environmentally friendly, for example is biodiesel. The main reaction is the production of biodiesel esterification and transesterification, but these conventional reactions are slow, requires a lot of alcohol and a catalyst, the reaction has not been perfect, and the products do not meet SNI and ASTM standards. In this research, mixing castor oil and palm oil as biodiesel feedstock, but it aims to obtain the optimum conditions for the blending ratio variable mass castor and palm oil, the amount of catalyst to oil, and the mole ratio of methanol-oil with helped by ultrasonic waves. The resulting biodiesel product is expected to meet SNI and ASTM standards. The main tool used is the ultrasonic cleaner. Variable that is the ratio of the mass of castor oil and palm 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the amount of catalyst KOH 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by mass of oil, and methanol-oil mole ratio 3:1, 6 : 1, and 9:1. The results obtained highest conversion achieved in the mass ratio 2:1 castor oil and palm oil, catalyst 1.5% by mass of oil, and the mole ratio of 6:1 with a mixture of methanol-conversion 95.341% where diesel fuel product meets SNI and ASTM standards.

PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG Ndaru Okvitarini; Makrufah Hidayah I; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (132.728 KB)

Antioxidants on biodiesel can use for inhibit the oxidation events during storage or in use. The objective of this research are to study ratio corn ratio ethanol extract to oil and biodiesel and KOH consentration in biodiesel production Reactions were performed for three hours with a catalyst concentration process variables 0:25 to 1:25% and the ratio of cooking oil / corn ethanol extract of between 1:3 to 1:7. Then the separation of biodiesel from glycerol. Further test the properties of biodiesel density, viscosity, acid number, saponification number, peroxide value, iodine number. Results of analysis of 9 samples has characteristic that almost in accordance with SNI. It is proved that antioxidants work reduces the oxidation reaction. The highest conversion of biodiesel production is shown by the use reactants 1:7 is 91,75% and 1:25% catalyst is 91,5%.

Peningkatan Produksi Mocaf dengan Rancang Bangun Alat Pemotong Widayat Widayat; H Hadiyanto; Hantoro Satriadi; Meiny Suzery; Irawan Arif Budianto
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2019): November 2019
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Singkong merupakan tanaman pangan berupa perdu dengan nama lain ubi kayu, singkong atau kasape. Singkong dapat diubah menjadi tape, alkohol, MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) dan juga diambil tepung tapiokanya. MOCAF adalah tepung singkong yang telah mengalami proses modifikasi baik fisika, kimia atau biologi. PT Mocaf Solusindo merupakan produsen MOCAF dan berdomisili di Sukoharjo. Dalam perkembangan telah melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat Kecamatan Matesih Kabupaten Karanganyar untuk mengolah singkong menjadi produk MOCAF. Penelitian ini berhasil melakukan suatu rancang bangun alat pemotong singkong bermesin. Alat pemotong terdiri dari pisau pemotong yang dihubungkan oleh tuas dan digerakkan leh motor penggerak. Alat ini dapat meningkatkan kapasitas pemotongan yang semula hanya 50-56 kg per jam menjadi 250 kg/jam. Dengan demikian dapat meningkatkan 0mzet dari PT. Mocaf Solusindo dari Rp. 21.000.000, menjadi Rp.35.000.000,- per bulan.

Analisis Penambahan Ion Na dan Ca pada Hidrolisis Pati Singkong (Manihot esculanta) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Enzim: Studi Kinetika Hidrolisis Hargono Hargono; Bakti Jos; Hantoro Satriadi; Muhammad Fahmi Zakaria
TEKNIK Vol. 43, No. 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v43i1.41985

Singkong manis (Manihot esculanta) merupakan ubi-ubiandengan kandungan pati yang besar sehingga dapat diolah untuk menghasilkan gula reduksi melalui proses hidrolisis. Salah satu jenis proses hidrolisis adalah hidrolisis enzimatis. Penambahan ion logam pada hidrolisis enzimatis dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim sehingga berpengaruh pada peningkatan konsentrasi gula reduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penambahan ion Na dan ion Ca terhadap konsentrasi gula reduksi sekaligus mempelajari kinetika hidrolisis. Percobaan dilakukan pada berbagai konsentrasi substrat pati (100, 200, dan 300 g/L), konsentrasi enzim (1 dan 1,5% (b/b)), penambahan ion Na dan Ca masing-masing 60 ppm. Metode hidrolisis yang digunakan pada suhu rendah yaitu 30°C dengan enzim StargenTM 002 pada pH 4, selama 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi pati 100-200 g/L mampu meningkatkan produksi gula reduksi secara signifikan pada konsentrasi enzim 1,5% (b/b). Penambahan ion Ca meningkatkan konsentrasi gula reduksi 64% sedangkan penambahan ion Na meningkatkan konsentrasi gula reduksi 18,9%. Konsentrasi gula reduksi terbaik (68,79 g/L) diperoleh pada kondisi konsentrasi pati 200 g/L dan konsentrasi enzim 1,5% (b/b) dengan penambahan ion Ca. Studi kinetika menunjukkan fenomena hidrolisis ini mengikuti persamaan Michaelis-Menten dengan nilai Km 99,183 g/L dan nilai Vmaks berturut-turut 6,053; 8,881; 15,106 g/L.jam sehingga penambahan ion Na dan Ca mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim.

Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. Riky Yonas; Uray Irzandi; Hantoro Satriadi; W. Widayat; Marcelinus Christwardana; H. Hadiyanto
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.15152

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.

Co-Authors . Widayat Aji Baharsyah Bagus Agang Sudrajat Bakti Jos Favian Nafiega H Hadiyanto H. Hadiyanto Hargono Hargono Ika Windrianto K. H Irawan Arif Budianto Makrufah Hidayah I Marcelinus Christwardana Maria Siahaan Meiny Suzery Muhammad Fahmi Zakaria Ndaru Okvitarini Ngurah Widiantara Rheza Dipo Riky Yonas Riky Yonas S Supriyandi Uray Irzandi Uray Irzandi Wira Pinem

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