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Najma I. Malik
Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination at different hypothetical efficacy and safety levels in ten countries in Asia, Africa, and South America Dott F. Rosiello; Samsul Anwar; Amanda Yufika; Rashed Y. Adam; Mohajer IH. Ismaeil; Asma Y. Ismail; Nesrine BH. Dahman; Montacer Hafsi; Manel Ferjani; Farah S. Sami; Fatma A Monib; Subramaniam R; Sunil Anandu; Md Ariful Haque; Lirane ED. Ferreto; José TO. Aburto; Jorge ET. Rojas; Seyi S. Enitan; Akele R. Yomi; Eyiuche D. Ezigbo; Elham Babadi; Edris Kakemam; Najma I. Malik; Irfan Ullah; Malik Sallam
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v1i3.55

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy, defined as the reluctance or rejection in receiving a vaccine despite its availability, represents a major challenge to global health efforts aiming to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the possible factors correlated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy using a refined well-informed approach can be helpful to address the phenomenon. The current study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates using four hypothetical scenarios of varying levels of vaccine efficacy and safety profiles in ten Asian, African and South American countries. These scenarios included: 95% efficacy and 20% side effects (Vaccine A), 75% efficacy and 5% side effects (Vaccine B); 75% efficacy and 20% side effects (Vaccine C) and 50% efficacy and 5% side effects (Vaccine D). This study used a self-administered online survey that was distributed during February–May 2021. The total number of study respondents was 1337 with countries of residence as follows: India (21.1%), Pakistan (12.9%), Sudan (11.2%), Nigeria (9.3%), Iran (8.2%), Bangladesh and Brazil (7.9%), Chile (7.7%), Tunisia (7.6%), and Egypt (6.2%). The overall acceptance rates for COVID-19 vaccination were variable based on varying degrees of safety and efficacy as follows: 55.6% for Vaccine C, 58.3% for Vaccine D, 74.0% for Vaccine A and 80.1% for Vaccine B. The highest levels of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were observed in Brazil followed by Chile across the four different safety and efficacy scenarios. The lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were reported in Egypt and Tunisia for the low safety scenarios (20% side effects), and the low efficacy scenario (50% efficacy). The study revealed the potential effect of vaccine safety and efficacy on the intention to get COVID-19 vaccination. At the same efficacy level, higher possibility of side effects caused a large drop in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate. This indicates the importance of accurate communication regarding vaccine safety and efficacy on attitude towards the vaccine and intentions to get vaccinated. Regional differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were observed with the Middle East/North African countries showing the lowest rates and the South American countries displaying the highest vaccine acceptance rates.
Willingness-to-pay for COVID-19 vaccine in ten low-middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America: A cross-sectional study Malik Sallam; Samsul Anwar; Amanda Yufika; Marhami Fahriani; Milda Husnah; Hendrix I. Kusuma; Rawan Raad; Namareg ME. Khiri; Rashed YA. Abdalla; Rashed Y. Adam; Mohajer IH. Ismaeil; Asma Y. Ismail; Wajdi Kacem; Zeineb Teyeb; Khaoula Aloui; Montacer Hafsi; Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman; Manel Ferjani; Dalia Deeb; Dina Emad; Farah S. Sami; Kirellos Said Abbas; Fatma A. Monib; Subramaniam R; Suhrud Panchawagh; Khan Sharun; Sunil Anandu; Mahir Gachabayov; Md A. Haque; Talha B. Emran; Guilherme W. Wendt; Lirane ED. Ferreto; María F. Castillo-Briones; Rocío B. Inostroza-Morales; Sebastián A. Lazcano-Díaz; José T. Ordóñez-Aburto; Jorge E. Troncoso-Rojas; Emmanuel O. Balogun; Akele R. Yomi; Abiodun Durosinmi; Esther N. Adejumo; Eyiuche D. Ezigbo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Elham Babadi; Edris Kakemam; Irfan Ullah; Najma I. Malik; Deema Dababseh; Francesco Rosiello; Seyi S. Enitan
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i1.74

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy is considered as one of the greatest challenges to control the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A related challenge is the unwillingness of the general public to pay for vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine willingness-to-pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccine among individuals from ten low-middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, and South America. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed during February - May 2021 in ten LMICs (Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, and Tunisia). The major response variable of in this study was WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine. The assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was based on items adopted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) vaccine hesitancy scale constructs. In this study, 1337 respondents included in the final analysis where the highest number of respondents was from India, while the lowest number was from Egypt. A total of 88.9% (1188/1337) respondents were willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccination, and 11.1% (149/1337) were not. The average WTP for COVID-19 vaccination was 87.9 US dollars ($), (range: $5-$200). The multivariate model analysis showed that the country, monthly household income, having a history of respiratory disease, the agreement that routine vaccines recommended by health workers are beneficial and having received the flu vaccination within the previous 12 months were strongly associated with the WTP. Based on the country of origin, the highest mean WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was reported in Chile, while the lowest mean WTP for the vaccine was seen among the respondents from Sudan. The availability of free COVID-19 vaccination services appears as a top priority in the LMICs for successful control of the ongoing pandemic. This is particularly important for individuals of a lower socio-economic status. The effects of complacency regarding COVID-19 extends beyond vaccine hesitancy to involve less willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and a lower value of WTP for the vaccine.
Co-Authors Abiodun Durosinmi Akele R. Yomi Akele R. Yomi Amanda Yufika Asma Y. Ismail Dalia Deeb Deema Dababseh Dina Emad Dott F. Rosiello Edris Kakemam Elham Babadi Elham Babadi Emmanuel O. Balogun Esther N. Adejumo Eyiuche D. Ezigbo Eyiuche D. Ezigbo Farah S. Sami Fatma A Monib Fatma A. Monib Francesco Rosiello Guilherme W. Wendt Hendrix I. Kusuma Irfan Ullah Jorge E. Troncoso-Rojas Jorge ET. Rojas José T. Ordóñez-Aburto José TO. Aburto Khan Sharun Khaoula Aloui Kirellos Said Abbas Lirane ED. Ferreto Mahir Gachabayov Malik Sallam Malik Sallam Manel Ferjani Manel Ferjani Marhami Fahriani María F. Castillo-Briones Md A. Haque Md Ariful Haque Milda Husnah Mohajer IH. Ismaeil Mohajer IH. Ismaeil Montacer Hafsi Morteza Arab-Zozani Namareg ME. Khiri Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman Nesrine BH. Dahman Rashed Y. Adam Rashed Y. Adam Rashed YA. Abdalla Rawan Raad Rocío B. Inostroza-Morales Samsul Anwar Sebastián A. Lazcano-Díaz Seyi S. Enitan Subramaniam R Subramaniam R Suhrud Panchawagh Sunil Anandu Talha B. Emran Wajdi Kacem Zeineb Teyeb