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PROFIL MIKROORGANISME PENYEBAB DERMATOFITOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM SULTAN AGUNG SEMARANG Karyadini, Hesti Wahyuningsih; Rahayu, Rahayu; Masfiyah, Masfiyah
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol 13 No 2 (2018): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : STIFAR "YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG"

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Fungal infections due to dermatophytes are often referred to as "Tinea". There are 3 genus which causes of dermatophytosis, among others are Trichophyton sp, Epidermophyton sp and Microsporum sp. The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of dermatophytosis-causing microorganisms in all patients in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. Samples are all patients with diagnosis of suspected dermatophytosis in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang period January 2016 - December 2016. This research was descriptive research with Cross Sectional design. The sample was all patients with diagnosis of suspected dermatophytosis at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang period January 2016 - December 2016. Research phase starting from pre analytic, analytic and post analytic stage. The results showed that the percentage of patients with dermatophytosis was more prevalent in female patients (53%) than in men (47%). Most dermatophytosis patients with tinea corporis diagnosis were 35% and tinea capitis was 29%, while for tinea pedis was 21%, tinea cruris was 12% and tinea unguium was 3%. The most dermatophyte fungi isolated are Microsporum canis 32%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes 18%, Microsporum audiounii 6%, Trichophyton rubrum 3%, Trichophyton tonsurans 3%. Microsporum canis is the most cause of dermatophytosis in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang.

PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT CIPROFLOKSASIN DENGAN EKSTRAK KURMA (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA) TERHADAP BAKTERI GRAM NEGATIF SECARA IN VITRO Masfiyah, Masfiyah; Rahayu, Rahayu
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol 14 No 2 (2019): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : STIFAR "YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG"

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Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is a fruit that has many benefits such as antioxidant,anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects. Dates also contain phytochemicals such aspolyphenols (flavonoids, isoflavones, lignin and phenolic acids), tannins, carotenoids, andsterols. This study aims to determine the activity of ciprofloxacin and dates (Phoenixdactylifera) against gram negative bacteria.This is an experimental laboratory research with a post-test only control groupdesign. Bacterial activity was assessed based on the diameter of the inhibition zone in MullerHinton agar with Kirby Bauer method. The gram-negative bacteria tested were Escherichiacoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical isolates that had been identified using VITEK®2. The concentration of the test bacteria was 0.5 Mac Farlan. The dates extract used wasAjwa dates extract ripe at 100% concentration using the socletation method with methanolsolvent. The test group was divided into 3 groups, namely the ciprofloxacin group only, theciprofloxacin group and the date palm extract, the date palm extract group only.There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the activity of ciprofloxacin andciprofloxacin with date palm extract against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria.There was no difference in the activity of ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin with theaddition of Ajwa date extract.

India Ink Staining, a Rapid and Affordable Test for Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Meningitis Masfiyah, Masfiyah
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 2 (2015): July-December 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Cryptococcal meningitis incidence has increased along with an increase in incidence of HIV-AIDS. This infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV-AIDS. A rapid diagnosis plays an important role to ensure a prompt therapy of the disease. The cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen test for diagnosis of meningitis is rapid but relatively expensive while culture is time consuming. A 47-year man was admitted to hospital with a headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting and a HIV history for the last 6 months. On physical examination, he was compos mentis, meningealâ€™s stimuli signs (+), where as on examination of craniales nerves, motor and sensibility was in a normal range. Routine blood was normal, 60 CD4 cells/mm3. Laboratory finding included a clowdy/turbid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), low glucose level (CSF glucose 43 mg / dl vs. blood glucose 293 mg / dl), elevated protein concentration (137.1 mg / dl), and polymorphonuclear pleocytosis. India ink stain showed encapsulated yeasts. Cryptococcus sp is the only encapsulated yeast, while C. neoformans is the most common cause of Cryptococcosis in patients with HIV-AIDS. The patient was diagnosed with Cryptococcal meningitis by indian ink staining, and immediately given anti-fungal theraphy.

Diagnostic Value of Direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Test for Faster BacterialSusceptibility Reporting in Bacteremia Hapsari, Rebriarina; Ciptaningtyas, Vincentia Rizke; Masfiyah, Masfiyah
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Juli-Desember 2012
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Background: Rapid and accurate information on susceptibility of bacteria causing bacteraemia is very helpful in sepsis management. Blood culture is the gold standard for bacteraemia diagnosis. Standard antibiotic susceptibility testing needs at least three days for completion while direct method can give the result a day earlier. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of direct antibiotic susceptibility testing in blood culture.Methods: Bloods from positive BACTEC bottles which met inclusion and exclusion criteria were put into sterile tubes and centrifuged. The pellets were then used to make 0.5 McFarland bacterial suspensions and directly used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Interpretations of direct method were compared to standard method to count sensitivity, specificity, sensitive predictive value, resistant predictive value, accuracy, and kappa value.Results: From 58 samples (containing 22 gram negative, 36 gram positive bacteria), there were 309 total antibiotic susceptibility tests. Direct method showed sensitivity, specificity, sensitive predictive value, resistant predictive value, accuracy, and kappa value of 89.3%, 92.9%, 93.8%, 87.8%, 86.4%, and 0.82, respectively.Conclusion: Direct antibiotic susceptibility testing has a good agreement with the standard method so it can aid faster antibiotic susceptibility reporting in bacteraemia (Sains Medika, 4(2):174-181).

The Definitive Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) di RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang Descriptive study in adult patients using IS6110-based PCR amplification for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Masfiyah, Masfiyah; Bintoro, Aris Catur; Hadi, Purnomo
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 5, No 2 (2013): July-December 2013
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common cause of central nervous system infection and has very high morbidity and mortality. The definitive diagnosis of TBM in RSUP dr Kariadi Semarang has been insufficient. This study aimed at finding out the definitive diagnosis of TBM di RSUP dr Kariadi Semarang using IS6110 sensitive and specific primer. This was a descriptive study included all in-patients with meningitis and/or TBM of RSUP Dr Kariadi Semarang aged > 14 years with Thwaitesâ€™ Diagnostic Score â‰¤ 4 between March 1, 2013 and November, 30 2013. The devinitive diagnosis of TBM was made using IS6110-based PCR amplification for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex conducted in microbiology clinic of FK UNDIP/RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. The secondary data was the basic and laboratory data from the medical records of the patients. Mean age was 39.59 Â± 15.7. Six (35.3%) pasients were diagnosed with devinitive TBM, 3 (17.64%) were meningitis positive by NTM (Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria). Dual infection was found in 1 (5.8%) case between TBM and bacterial meningitis. Most patients were productive age. Some had devititive TBM. The pasient with meningitis and dual infection were also diagnosed with NTM (Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria).

The Relationship between Characteristics of Cerebospinal Fluid and Tuberculous Meningitis detected using Real Time PCR Masfiyah, Masfiyah; Subakir, Subakir; Kristina, Tri Nur
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 1 (2016): January - June 2016
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) carries a high morbidity and mortality, however, its diagnosis can be difficult due to low concentration of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although increased CSF protein, decreased CSF glucose; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance are commonly used to diagnose TB infection, they show inconsistent results.Objectives: To analyze the relationship between several characteristics of the CSF and TB meningitis.Methods: This is an observational research, with a cross sectional design, 27 patients with TB meningitis and or meningoencephalitis with Thwaites diagnostic score ≤ 4 obtained from mecidal records. The definitive diagnosis of TB meningitis was made using the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining and or culture TB, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with the target in IS6110, Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN) culture method. Characteristics of CSF including increased CSF protein, decreased CSF glucose, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance and the CSF abnormalities were evaluated in the laboratory of molecular microbiology of Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University/dr Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The statistical analysis used was prevalent ratio (RP).Results: Over 27 patients, 12 (44.4%) were diagnosed with definite TB meningitis. Statistical analysis showed that prevalence ratio of the increased levels of protein CSF was 3.143 (95% CI: 0.502 to 19.692), decreased glucose levels was 1.750 (95% CI: 0.501 to 6.112), pleocytosis with a predominance of mononuclear cells was 2.5 (CI 95% : 1.238 to 5.048), whereas the CFS abnormality was RP 2.2 (95% CI: 1.087 to 4.454).Conclusion: This study has shown that pleocytosis with mononuclear cells predominance and CFS abnormalities have a positive relationship with definite TB meningitis.

Errors in Interpretation of Gram Stain in The First Notification from Positive BACTEC Blood Cultures in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Maryani, Maryani; Sari, Desvita; Wahyutomo, Ridha; Masfiyah, Masfiyah
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 1 (2012): Januari-Juni 2012
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Background: Blood cultures in conjunction with the initial Gram stain of positive cultures have often been considered the â€œgold standardâ€ for the diagnosis of bacteremia. When blood cultures turn positive, the attending physicians are usually notified immediately about Gram stain findings. However, information on the accuracy of Gram staining is very limited. We examined the error of preliminary blood culture reports provided by a local laboratory in an observational study.Design and Method: This was an observational study with a cross sectional approach. In this study, 369 blood cultures were examined. The positive blood cultures (135 samples) were then examined by Gram stain. Blood cultures handled on Bactec 9050, while the Gram stain was done in standard procedure Gram. Interpretation errors of Gram stain were confirmed by cultures result.Result: During one month (April 2011) we examined 369 blood cultures which 135 are positive (36.5%). Positive blood cultures were misread for 6 (4.4%) of 135 patients, they were two read as gram positive cocci had gram negative organisms by culture which were Acinetobacter baumannii, one read as gram positive bacilli had gram negative bacilli by culture which was Klebsiella pneumoniae. One isolate read as gram negative bacilli had gram positive bacilli which was Bacillus species, while two sample read as gram negative bacilli only had polymicrobial by culture, of these one isolate grew to be Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and the other were Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp.Conclusion: The overall 4.4% error rate of misinterpreted Gram stains from positive blood culture bottles is relatively high, so laboratory professionals and clinical microbiologist must be aware of the potential types of error that occur (Sains Medika, 4(1):23-29).

Efficacy Assessment of Lemon Peel Aromatherpy Againts Airborne Bacteria Experimental Study in ICU Room of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang Sari, Merin Awu; Masfiyah, Masfiyah; Chodidjah, Chodidjah
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 1 (2012): Januari-Juni 2012
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Background: Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are infections acquired in health care centers such as hospital, clinic or other health care sites due to microorganisms. Research conducted by WHO showed 3-10% of all patients treated in hospitals were victims of HAI and 90% were mainly caused by bacteria, the rest by viruses, fungi or protozoa. Lemon peel aromatherapy is one of the essential oils from plants having antimicrobial activity and are beneficial to health reducing bacterial growth by inhibiting the function of cell membranes. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of lemon peel aromatheraphy againts airborne bacteria.Design and Method: This experimental study used post test only control groups design. The number of airborne bacteria colonies obtained from ICU room of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang treated with lemon peel aromatherapy at the concentration of 100 % and the control group (-).The data were analyzed for normality using Shapiro Wilk followed by independent T-test Result: independent inT-test Independent showed a significant differences in the number of bacterial colonies between the treated groups receiving 100% concentration of lemon peel aromatherapy and control group (-) (p < 0.045).Conclusion: Aromatherapy extracts of lemon peel has effect on reducing the number of airborne bacteria in the ICU of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang (Sains Medika, 4(1):71-77).

Acute Central Nervous System Infection : a Case Report Masfiyah, Masfiyah; Hapsari, Rebriarina; Rahayu, Rahayu; Maryani, Maryani
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Juli-Desember 2012
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Background : Acute central nervous system infection can be rapidly progressive, causing death or permanent damage in a short period of time. The diagnosis and knowledge of possible etiological agent is critically important. We present a case of a 15-month-old girl with generalized seizures and ecchymosis suspected for meningococcal infection but there was no proof of the agent of infection.Case report : A 15-month-old girl was admitted with fever of 39,4Â°C, generalized seizures, and petechiae after suffered high fever and cough in previous day. This was her first episode of seizures. She has no past history of growth and developmental disorder. She became rapidly deteriorated after few hours being hospitalized in Kariadi. Brain CT-scan was not done due to her conditions. She had anemia, normal white blood count, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia (4000/mm3), low CD4 count (99 cell/mm3), hipoalbuminemia (1.4 g/dl), increased lactate (2.5 mmol/L) and procalcitonin (>200.00 ng/ml). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed normal cells count and glucose but increased protein level (375.2 mg/dL). Meningococcal infection was suspected due to clinical appearance, and ceftriaxone was given. Bacteriological and fungal culture of CSF and blood showed no growth. Despite of cardiorespiratory support given, she died after 4 days of admission.Discussion : Features of seizure and general ecchymosis do not belong exclusively to meningococcal infection. There are other possible etiological agent such as Haemophylus influenza, Streptococcal infection and viral infection. Shortage of available diagnostic tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) made it difficult to confirm the etiological agent (Sains Medika, 4(2):204-209).Question Remarks : What agent which you think cause the infection?

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