Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional
Vol. 1 No. 2 Oktober 2006

Indeks Sosio-ekonomi Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis

Iwan Ariawan (Staf Pengajar Departemen Biostatistik Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Oct 2006

Abstract

In household survey, we could measure socio-economic status through income, expenditure and ownership of valuable goods. Measuring income and ex- penditure in developing countries has many weaknesses, therefore many researchers prefer to use the ownership of valuable goods as proxy of socio-eco- nomic status. Using ownership of valuable goods as proxy indicator creates another problem of having many variables for the socio-economic proxy. To show how to simplify many variables of ownership of valuable goods into 1 socio-economic index. Using prinicpal component analysis with Stata. Using Indonesia Demographic & Health Survey 2002-2003 data, 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 3 ordinal variables of housing condition to construct socio-economic indices using principal component analysis (PCA), tetrachoric and polychoric correlation.We used Stata to construct the socio-economic in- dex. Correlation matrices were derived using tetrachoric command for tetrachoric correlation and polychoric command for polychoric correlation. Two socio- economic indices were constructed, 1 index was based only on 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 1 index was based on 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 3 ordinal variables of housing conditions. PCA was used to construct those 2 indices. In 7 variables model, the socio-economic index could explain 57% variance and in 10 variables model, the socio-economic index could explain 54% variance. We also showed the use of xtile command to regroup the subjects based on quintile of socio-economic indices. PCA, tetrachoric and polychoric correlation could be used to con- struct socio-economic indices based on information of ownership of valueable goods and housing conditions.Key words: Socio-economic indices, principal component analysis, tetrachoric correlation, polychoric correlation.Pada penelitian survei, kita dapat mengukur tingkat status sosio-ekonomi rumah tangga melalui pemasukan, pengeluaran dan kepemilikan barang-barang berharga. Penggunaan variabel pemasukan dan pengeluaran di negara berkembang memiliki banyak kelemahan, sehingga banyak peneliti lebih suka meng- gunakan variabel kepemilikan barang berharga untuk mengukur status sosio-ekpnomi. Namun, penggunaan variabel kepemilikan barang berharga menim- bulkan masalah lain, yaitu banyaknya variabel untuk mengukur status sosio-ekonomi. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menyederhanakan banyak variabel kepemi- likan barang berharga menjadi 1 indeks sosio-ekonomi. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2002-2003 yang memili- ki 7 variabel binomial tentang kepemilikan barang berharga dan 3 variabel ordinal tentang keadaan rumah untuk membuat indeks sosio-ekonomi. Indeks diben- tuk dengan menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA), korelasi tetrakorik dan polikorik. Kami memperlihatkan bagaimana membuat indeks sosio- ekonomi dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Stata. Matriks korelasi tetrakorik dibentuk dengan perintah tetrachoric dan matriks korelasi polikorik dibentuk den- gan perintah polychoric. Dua indeks sosio-ekonomi dibentuk, 1 indeks berdasarkan 7 variabel binomial kepemilikan barang berharga dan 1 indeks lagi berdasarkan ke 7 variabel binomial tersebut ditambah 3 variabel ordinal kondisi rumah. Kedua indeks dibentuk dengan prosedur PCA. Pada model 7 vari- abel binomial, indeks yang terbentuk dapat menjelaskan 57% varians kepemilikan barang berharga dan pada model 7 variabel binomial ditambah 3 variabel ordinal, indeks dapat menjelaskan 54% varians kepemilikan barang berharga dan kondisi rumah. Kami juga memperlihatkan penggunaan perintah xtile un- tuk membagi subyek penelitian menurut kuintil indeks sosio-ekonomi. PCA, korrelasi tetrakorik dan polikorik dapat digunakan untuk membentuk indeks so- sio-ekonomi berdasarakan informasi tentang kepemilikan barang berharga dan kondisi rumah.Kata kunci: indeks sosio-ekonomi, principal component analysis, korelasi tetrakorik, korelasi polikorik.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

kesmas

Publisher

Subject

Public Health

Description

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance health of the public through scientific approach applying variety of technique. This focus includes area and scope such as biostatistics, epidemiology, ...