Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2022 (September 2022)

Silicate Scaling Formation: Impact of pH in High-Temperature Reservoir and Its Characterization Study

Rozana Azrina Sazali (School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor)
Kenneth Stuart Sorbie (Flow Assurance and Scale Team (FAST), Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland||United Kingdom School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, E)
lorraine Scott Boak (Flow Assurance and Scale Team (FAST), Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland||United Kingdom School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, E)
Nurshazwani Shuhada Al Badri (School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor)
Harumi Veny (School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor)
Farah Hanim Ab Hamid (School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor)
Mohd Zaki Zainal Abidin (School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2022

Abstract

Silicate scaling tends to form and be aggravated during high pH Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) floods and this silicate scale deposition affects oil production. Hence, it is important to examine the conditions that lead to silicate scale forming. The severity of the silicate scaling reaction, the type and morphology of silica/silicate scale formed in an experimental ASP flood were studied for pH values 5, 8.5, and 11, whilst the temperature was kept constant at 90 ℃. In addition, the impact of calcium ion was studied and spectroscopic analyses were used to identify the extent of scaling reaction, morphology type and the functional group present in the precipitates. This was performed using imagery of the generated precipitates. It was observed that the silica/silicate scale is most severe at the highest pH and Ca:Mg molar ratios examined. Magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were observed to precipitate along with the silica and Mg-silicate/Ca-silicate scale at pH 11. The presence of calcium ions altered the morphology of the precipitates formed from amorphous to microcrystalline/crystalline. In conclusion, pH affects the type, morphology, and severity of the silica/silicate scale produced in the studied scaling system. The comprehensive and conclusive data showing how pH affects the silicate scaling reaction reported here are vital in providing the foundation to further investigate the management and prevention of this silicate scaling. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Copyrights © 2022






Journal Info

Abbrev

bcrec

Publisher

Subject

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Description

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (e-ISSN: 1978-2993), an international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics studies, and chemical reaction ...