Historiography
Vol 1, No 3 (2021)

Dampak penanganan epidemi kolera terhadap kondisi sosial budaya Penduduk Batavia tahun 1900-1920

Eka Nur Ramdhaniah (Universitas Indonesia)
Putri Indah Sundari (Universitas Indonesia)
Anisa Wulan Sari (Universitas Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Jul 2021

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred globally certainly affected people's lives in various fields such as changes in behavior patterns and social interactions in society. However, health problems basically did not only occur in the present, we can see them until the beginning of the 19th century when there was a cholera epidemic in the Dutch East Indies, including Batavia. The inhabitants of Batavia, especially the natives, at that time lived in densely populated housing areas with poor sanitation and air circulation systems. They were accustomed to using wells and river water for all their needs. In dealing with epidemics such as cholera, they are accustomed to using traditional medicines and even tend to believe in mystical things related to beliefs. The colonial government then made efforts to overcome the spread of cholera, such as the discovery of chemical drugs, building baths and public washing. Based on the explanation above, this study aims to provide an overview of the changes in the lifestyle of the population in Batavia due to the cholera epidemic and the steps taken by the colonial government in 1900-1920. The research is compiled based on the four stages of the historical method using primary and secondary sources from contemporary magazines and newspapers, theses, scientific journals, articles, and other supporting literature. This research is descriptive analytical. The results showed that the previous life of the community and geographical conditions triggered the development of cholera in the Batavia area. Changes in the socio-cultural life pattern of the Batavian population began with the steps taken by the colonial government in dealing with the cholera epidemic in which the population began to recognize modern medicines and vaccinations, and drank water by cooking it first, causing a pattern of changes in the life of the Batavian population.Pandemi covid-19 yang terjadi secara global tentu saja mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat di berbagai bidang seperti perubahan pola perilaku dan interaksi sosial di masyarakat. Namun, masalah kesehatan pada dasarnya tidak hanya terjadi di masa sekarang saja, kita dapat menariknya hingga permulaan abad ke-19 ketika terjadi epidemi kolera di Hindia Belanda, termasuk Batavia. Penduduk Batavia khususnya pribumi kala itu tinggal di lingkungan perumahan padat penduduk dengan sistem sanitasi dan sirkulasi udara yang buruk, mereka terbiasa memanfaatkan penggunaan air sumur dan sungai untuk segala keperluannya. Dalam menghadapi wabah penyakit seperti kolera, mereka terbiasa menggunakan obat-obatan tradisional bahkan cenderung mempercayai hal-hal mistis yang berhubungan dengan kepercayaan. Pemerintah kolonial kemudian melakukan upaya penanganan guna memutus penyebaran penyakit kolera, seperti penemuan obat-obatan kimia, pembangunan pemandian dan pencucian umum. Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran adanya perubahan pola hidup penduduk di Batavia akibat epidemi kolera dan langkah yang diambil pemerintah kolonial pada tahun 1900-1920. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan empat tahapan metode sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder dari majalah dan surat kabar sezaman, skripsi, jurnal ilmiah, artikel, dan literatur pendukung lainya. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan masyarakat sebelumnya serta kondisi geografis memicu perkembangan penyakit kolera di wilayah Batavia. Perubahan pola kehidupan sosial budaya penduduk Batavia dimulai dengan adanya langkah-langkah yang diambil pemerintah kolonial dalam menangani epidemi kolera dimana penduduk mulai mengenal obat- obatan modern dan vaksinasi, serta meminum air dengan memasaknya terlebih dahulu hingga menimbulkan pola perubahan kehidupan penduduk Batavia.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JDS

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Social Sciences

Description

Historiography: Journal of Indonesian History and Education publish original research papers, conceptual articles, review articles and case studies. The whole spectrum of Indonesian history, historical learning and history education, which includes, but is not limited to education ...